State v. Haynes , 2024 Ohio 3190 ( 2024 )

[Cite as State v. Haynes, 2024-Ohio-3190.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
STATE OF OHIO, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
No. 113322
v. :
ZAKRY HAYNES, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED IN PART, VACATED IN PART,
AND REMANDED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: August 22, 2024
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-23-678116-B
Appearances:
Michael C. O’Malley, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting
Attorney, and Ayoub Dakdouk, Assistant Prosecuting
Attorney, for appellee.
Mary Catherine Corrigan, for appellant.
LISA B. FORBES, P.J.:
Appellant Zakry Haynes (“Haynes”) appeals his sentence, alleging the
trial court erred when it sentenced him to consecutive sentences and pursuant to the
Reagan Tokes Law. After reviewing the facts of the case and pertinent law, we find
the trial court failed to make the findings mandated by R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) before
imposing consecutive sentences. Accordingly, we vacate the trial court’s judgment
and remand the matter to the trial court for resentencing for the limited purpose of
considering whether consecutive sentences are appropriate under
R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) and if so, to issue a journal entry making all the required
findings.
I. Facts and Procedural History
On September 25, 2023, Haynes pled guilty to the following: Count 2
of the indictment, felonious assault pursuant to R.C. 2903.11(A)(1), a felony of the
second degree, with a three-year firearm specification pursuant to R.C. 2941.145;
Count 12, improper discharge of a firearm into a habitation, a felony of the second
degree, in violation of R.C. 2923.161(A)(1), amended to delete all firearm
specifications; and Count 15, having weapons while under disability, felony of the
third degree pursuant to R.C. 2923.13(A)(3). The parties agreed that the offenses
are nonallied and agreed to a recommended sentence of five to seven years. All other
charges and specifications were dismissed by the State. The trial court engaged in a
proper Crim.R. 11 colloquy with Haynes and then accepted Haynes’s guilty pleas to
the above counts.
On October 25, 2023, Haynes appeared in court for sentencing. At
the hearing, the State read into the record a summary of the letters provided by two
of the victims in this case, a minor child and his mother, which emphasized that the
victims are still traumatized from the incident.
Haynes’s counsel stated on the record that Haynes had two prior
criminal cases that he was serving time in prison on, one case from Lorain County
(Lorain C.P. No. 22-CR-107142), and the other from Lake County (Lake C.P. No. 22-
CR-000386). Haynes’s counsel asked for the sentence in the present case to run
concurrent with these prior sentences.
The court stated that it had Haynes’s presentence-investigation
report (“PSI”) authored by the Cuyahoga County Adult Probation Department along
with Haynes’s sentencing memorandum, both of which it reviewed prior to
sentencing. The trial court stated on the record that the PSI report indicated Haynes
had a criminal history that consisted of convictions for
criminal trespass in Elyria; a theft in Lorain County; domestic violence
in Lorain County; drug possession in Lorain County in 2018, 2019,
2019, 2020; grant theft of a firearm; weapons under disability and
discharging a firearm; breaking and entering in Lorain County; OVI in
2022; driving under OVI suspension in 2022; and receiving stolen
property.
The court also noted that the Cuyahoga County Probation Department in its PSI
report classified Haynes as a high risk for reoffending.
The trial court then sentenced Haynes as follows: on Count 2, three-
years in prison for the firearm specification to be served consecutively to four years
in prison on the underlying offense; on Count 12, four years in prison; and on Count
15, two years in prison. The court explained that, pursuant to the Reagan Tokes Law,
for Counts 2 and 12 the minimum is four years in prison, and the maximum is six
years in prison with the presumption that he will be released after the minimum
time has been served. The trial court sentenced Haynes to a total of seven years in
prison, ordering the counts to run concurrent to each other. The court also
sentenced him to a mandatory minimum of 18 months to a maximum of three years
of postrelease control.
The trial court stated that Haynes’s sentence is to run consecutive to
Haynes’s two other criminal cases in Lorain County (22-CR-107142) and in Lake
County (22-CR-000386). The court made no findings in its journal entry regarding
its decision to impose a consecutive sentence, other than announcing that Haynes’s
sentence would be consecutive.
Haynes appeals his sentence, and raises two assignments of error for
our review:
Assignment of error I
The trial court erred by imposing consecutive sentences without
engaging in the required analysis by R.C. 2929.14(c) and incorporating
the findings into the sentencing journal entry.
Assignment of error II
The trial court erred by imposing an unconstitutional sentence
pursuant to the Reagan Tokes Act.
II. Law and Analysis
A. First Assignment of Error — Consecutive Sentencing
Haynes’s first assignment of error argues that the trial court erred by
imposing consecutive sentences without making the requisite findings as required
by R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) such that his sentence is unlawful. We agree.
“[T]o impose consecutive terms of imprisonment, a trial court is
required to make the findings mandated by R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) at the sentencing
hearing and incorporate its findings into its sentencing entry . . . .” State v. Bonnell,
2014-Ohio-3177, ¶ 37. Under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4), a trial court may order prison
terms to be served consecutively if it finds “the consecutive service is necessary to
protect the public from future crime or to punish the offender and that consecutive
sentences are not disproportionate to the seriousness of the offender’s conduct and
to the danger the offender poses to the public.” Further, the court must also find
any of the following:
(a) The offender committed one or more of the multiple offenses while
the offender was awaiting trial or sentencing, was under a sanction
imposed pursuant to section 2929.16, 2929.17, or 2929.18 of the
Revised Code, or was under post-release control for a prior offense.
(b) At least two of the multiple offenses were committed as part of one
or more courses of conduct, and the harm caused by two or more of the
multiple offenses so committed was so great or unusual that no single
prison term for any of the offenses committed as part of any of the
courses of conduct adequately reflects the seriousness of the offender’s
conduct.
(c) The offender’s history of criminal conduct demonstrates that
consecutive sentences are necessary to protect the public from future
crimes by the offender.
R.C. 2929.14(C)(4).
R.C. 2953.08(F) requires an appellate court to review the entire trial
court record, including any oral or written statements made to or by the trial court
at the sentencing hearing, and any presentence, psychiatric, or other investigative
report that was submitted to the court in writing before the sentence was imposed.
R.C. 2953.08(F)(1) through (4).
The trial court is not obligated to state reasons to support its findings,
“nor is it required to give a talismanic incantation of the words of the statute,
provided that the necessary findings can be found in the record and are incorporated
into the sentencing entry.” Bonnell at ¶ 37. Indeed, “a word-for-word recitation of
the language of the statute is not required and as long as the reviewing court can
discern that the trial court engaged in the correct analysis and can determine that
the record contains evidence to support the findings, consecutive sentences should
be upheld.” Id at ¶ 29.
“It is well-established that where a trial court has imposed
consecutive sentences in a sentencing journal entry, but failed to make all of the
requisite statutory findings in support of the imposition of consecutive sentences at
the sentencing hearing, the imposition of consecutive sentences is contrary to law.”
State v. Philpot, 2020-Ohio-104, ¶ 27 (8th Dist.). See, e.g., State v. Tidmore, 2019-
Ohio-1529, ¶ 21 (8th Dist.); State v. Lariche, 2018-Ohio-3581, ¶ 25 (8th Dist.). See
also State v. Percy, 2024-Ohio-664, ¶ 9 (8th Dist.), citing State v. Matthews, 2015-
Ohio-4072, ¶ 18 (8th Dist.), citing State v. Frost, 2014-Ohio-2645, ¶ 10 (8th Dist.).
Here, we find the trial court failed to make the findings required by
R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) at the sentencing hearing. The court did note that Haynes had a
criminal history pursuant to R.C. 2929.14(C)(4)(c), but that is the only finding the
court made for a consecutive sentence. At the sentencing hearing the court made no
findings about whether consecutive sentences were necessary to protect the public
from future crime or to punish the offender. Additionally, the trial court did not find
that consecutive sentences were not disproportionate to the seriousness of Haynes’s
conduct nor that they were not disproportionate to the danger Haynes posed to the
public.
Furthermore, the court’s journal entry is devoid of any of the factual
findings required by R.C. 2929.14(C)(4). As noted, the only thing the court’s journal
entry stated regarding consecutive sentencing is “Case to run consecutive to
22CR107142 and 22 CR000386, or in the cases he is currently serving time on.”
In the instant case, we find trial court failed to make all the requisite
statutory findings at the hearing or in the journal entry to support the imposition of
consecutive sentences. Therefore, the imposition of consecutive sentences here is
contrary to law. Philpot, 2020-Ohio-104, at ¶ 27 (8th Dist.); see, e.g., Tidmore,
2019-Ohio-1529, at ¶ 21 (8th Dist.); Lariche, 2018-Ohio-3581, at ¶ 25 (8th Dist.).
When the trial court fails to make the required findings for
consecutive sentencing the sentence must be vacated and the matter remanded to
the trial court for the limited purpose of considering whether consecutive sentences
are appropriate under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) and to make the necessary findings, if
warranted. State v. Banks, 2023-Ohio-4655, ¶ 15 (8th Dist.), citing State v. Tolbert,
2023-Ohio-532, ¶ 10 (8th Dist.), citing State v. Vargas, 2015-Ohio-2856, ¶ 15 (8th
Dist.), citing State v. Nia, 2014-Ohio-2527, ¶ 28 (8th Dist.); see also Percy, 2024-
Ohio-664, at ¶ 9 (8th Dist.), citing Matthews, 2015-Ohio-4072, at ¶ 18 (8th Dist.),
citing Frost, 2014-Ohio-2645, at ¶ 10 (8th Dist.).
Therefore, because the trial court failed to make the proper findings
required for the imposition of consecutive sentences pursuant to R.C. 2929.14(C)(4),
Haynes’s first assignment of error is sustained.
B. Second Assignment of Error — Reagan Tokes
Haynes’s second assignment of error argues the trial court violated
Haynes’s constitutional rights when it imposed an indefinite prison term pursuant
to the Reagan Tokes Law, R.C. 2967.271, which “requires that for certain first- and
second-degree felony offenses, a sentencing court impose on the offender an
indefinite sentence consisting of a minimum and a maximum prison term.” State v.
Hacker, 2023-Ohio-2535, ¶ 1. We disagree.
Haynes argues that the Reagan Tokes Law is unconstitutional
because it violates the right to a jury trial, the separation-of-powers-doctrine, and
the right to due process.
As this court has previously explained, the Ohio Supreme Court has
rejected the arguments that the Reagan Tokes Law violates the separation-of-
powers doctrine, the right to jury trial, or the right to due process. State v. McLoyd,
2023-Ohio-4306, ¶ 66 (8th Dist.), citing Hacker at ¶ 41. As such, Haynes’s second
assignment of error is without merit and is overruled.
Judgment affirmed in part, vacated in part, and remanded for
resentencing for the limited purpose of considering whether consecutive sentences
are appropriate under R.C. 2929.14(C)(2), and if so, to make the necessary findings
and issue a journal entry reflecting all the required findings.
It is ordered that appellee and appellant share costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the
common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
LISA B. FORBES, PRESIDING JUDGE
EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, J., and
ANITA LASTER MAYS, J., CONCUR