State v. U.T. , 2024 Ohio 3197 ( 2024 )

[Cite as State v. U.T., 2024-Ohio-3197.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
STATE OF OHIO, :
Plaintiff-Appellant, : Nos. 113612, 113613, and 113614
v. :
U.T., :
Defendant-Appellee. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: REVERSED AND REMANDED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: August 22, 2024
Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Common Pleas Court
Case Nos. CR-95-322754-B, CR-95-325697-ZA, and CR-95-331005-B
Appearances:
Michael C. O’Malley, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting
Attorney, and Anthony T. Miranda, Assistant Prosecuting
Attorney, for appellant.
Cullen Sweeney, Cuyahoga County Public Defender, and
Michael V. Wilhelm, Assistant Public Defender, for
appellee.
MICHELLE J. SHEEHAN, J.:
Plaintiff-appellant, State of Ohio, appeals the trial court’s judgment
granting defendant-appellee U.T.’s application to seal the records of his three drug
trafficking convictions. The State raises one assignment of error for our review:
“The trial court erred in expunging U.T.’s convictions, which were three felonies of
the third degree.” We find merit to the State’s argument and reverse the trial court’s
judgment.
I. Procedural History
In January 1996, U.T. pleaded guilty to three drug trafficking charges
in violation of R.C. 2925.03, all third-degree felonies, in three separate cases.
Twenty-seven years later, in June 2023, U.T. filed an application for expungement
of those three convictions pursuant to R.C. 2953.32(B).
The trial court held a hearing on U.T.’s application in November 2023
and subsequently granted U.T.’s application. It is from this judgment from which
the State now appeals.
II. Law and Analysis
In its sole assignment of error, the State argues that the trial court
erred when it granted U.T.’s application to expunge his three felony drug trafficking
convictions because the applicable statute prohibits the trial court from doing so.
Specifically, the State contends that the version of R.C. 2953.32(A) that was in effect
when U.T. filed his application does not permit expungement or sealing criminal
records when an applicant has “more than two felonies of the third degree.” See
former R.C. 2953.32(A)(5) (effective April 6, 2023, to October 2,2023).
We review a trial court’s decision to seal or expunge a record of
conviction under an abuse-of-discretion standard. State v. J.W.G., 2024-Ohio-
2071, ¶ 6, citing Bedford v. Bradberry, 2014-Ohio-2058, ¶ 5 (8th Dist.). But
whether an applicant is eligible for sealing or expungement is a question of law that
we review de novo. State v. V.S., 2017-Ohio-1565, ¶ 6 (8th Dist.), citing Bradberry.
The statutory law in effect at the time of the filing of an R.C. 2953.32
application to expunge or seal a record of conviction is controlling. State v. T.S.,
2017-Ohio-7395, ¶ 8 (8th Dist.). U.T. filed his application in June 2023; therefore,
the version of the statute in effect from April 6, 2023, to October 2, 2023, controls.
The April 2023 version of R.C. 2953.32(A)(5) provides, in pertinent
part, that expunging or sealing records of conviction do not apply to “[c]onvictions
of a felony of the first or second degree or of more than two felonies of the third
degree.”
U.T. argues that R.C. 2953.32(A)(5) prevents the expungement or
sealing of more than two third-degree felony convictions “ONLY within a single
case.” (Emphasis in original.) He therefore maintains that because his three third-
degree felony convictions were in separate cases, R.C. 2953.32(A)(5) does not apply.
This court recently answered the exact question presented in this case
regarding the April 2023 version of R.C. 2953.32(A)(5). In State v. K.O.,
2024-Ohio-2582 (8th Dist.), the applicant sought to have the records sealed of her
three third-degree felony drug trafficking convictions, which occurred in three
separate cases. The applicant argued that under the April 2023 version of R.C.
2953.32(A)(5), “she [was] eligible to have her convictions sealed because ‘at no time
were they charged and convicted together’ in the same case. In other words, K.O.
argue[d] that the statute ‘allows for expungement of single F3s across different
cases.’” Id. at ¶ 8.
We disagreed with K.O.’s interpretation of R.C. 2953.32(A)(5). We
explained that the April 2023 version of R.C. 2953.32(A)(5) “does not contemplate
a scenario in which an applicant may file for sealing a record for three third-degree
felonies.” Id. at ¶ 9. We stated that “[t]he April 2023 version of R.C. 2953.32(A)(5)
provides that R.C. 2953.32, which governs sealing a record of conviction, does not
apply to ‘[c]onvictions of . . . more than two felonies of the third degree[.]’” Id. at ¶
12. We further concluded, “Upon review, we find that the statutory language at issue
is plain and unambiguous. K.O. would have us read into the statute the words ‘per
case’ to have her three third-degree felony convictions be eligible for sealing, because
she has one third-degree felony conviction per case. Those additional words are
simply not in the statute.” Id.
Like K.O., U.T. has three third-degree felony drug trafficking
convictions. It is irrelevant whether those convictions originated from the same case
or three separate cases. The statute is clear — an applicant is not entitled to
expunging or sealing records of conviction if he or she has “more than two felonies
of the third degree.”
The State’s sole assignment of error is sustained.
Judgment reversed, and case remanded.
It is ordered that appellant recover of appellee costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the
common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
___________________________
MICHELLE J. SHEEHAN, JUDGE
EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, P.J., and
MARY J. BOYLE, J., CONCUR