State v. Colon , 2024 Ohio 4488 ( 2024 )

[Cite as State v. Colon, 2024-Ohio-4488.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
STATE OF OHIO, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
No. 113468
v. :
EDILBERTO COLON, III, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: September 12, 2024
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-22-675093-A
Appearances:
Michael C. O’Malley, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting
Attorney, and Anjali Kanwar and Caroline Maver,
Assistant Prosecuting Attorneys, for appellee.
Christopher G. Thomarios, for appellant.
EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, J.:
Defendant-appellant, Edilberto Colon, III (“Colon”), appeals his
convictions and claims the following errors:
1. Appellant Colon was deprived of his liberty without due process of
law where his convictions for gross sexual imposition [are] contrary to
the weight of the evidence presented.
2. Appellant Colon was denied effective assistance of counsel because
trial counsel did not turn over evidence in discovery to the state and
was barred from presenting it at trial.
We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
I. Facts and Procedural History
Colon was charged with two counts of gross sexual imposition (“GSI”)
in violation of R.C. 2907.05(A)(4), in connection with the alleged sexual assault of
then 11-year old A.P.1 Colon waived his right to a jury trial and the case proceeded
to a bench trial.
A.P.’s mother (“Mother”) testified at trial that she and A.P.’s father
(“Father”) divorced in 2018. After the divorce, Mother moved with A.P. and her
younger sister to a suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio. Pursuant to a shared parenting plan,
Father had visitation with the children in Cleveland one to two weekends per month,
six weeks in the summer, and during school breaks.
Colon lived next door to Father’s house, and A.P. and Colon’s younger
sister were friends. Mother explained that in April 2021, while she was discussing
visitation with A.P. for the upcoming summer, A.P. disclosed that “when she was in
Cleveland the previous summer that she was in the pool at [Colon]’s graduation
party and [Colon] had touched her inappropriately under her bathing suit on the
bottom and on the top.” (Tr. 31-33.) With A.P.’s consent, Mother reported the
incident to local police, Cleveland police, and the child protection services agency in
1 In accordance with Loc.App.R. 13.2(B)(1)(c) and (d), initials and general terms
are used herein to protect the victim’s privacy.
Butler County, Ohio. (Tr. 33-34.) Police investigated the accusations, and Emily
Harman (“Harman”), a social worker with the Mayerson Center for Safe and Healthy
Children at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, conducted a forensic
interview of A.P. (Tr. 114.)
A.P. told Harman that Colon “squeezed her breasts multiple times over
her bathing suit” and “squeezed her buttocks on skin multiple times” while they were
in a pool together. (Tr. 115.) A.P. delayed telling her parents about the incident for
several months, and Harman explained that delayed disclosure is common with
child victims of sexual assault. (Tr. 111-112.) Although A.P. delayed in telling her
parents about the assault, A.P. told two friends, including Colon’s sister, within a
day of the event. (Tr. 115.) According to Harman, A.P.’s friends encouraged her to
tell her mother. (Tr. 115.)
A.P. testified that Colon “sexually touched” her in the swimming pool
during his high school graduation party on July 2, 2020. (Tr. 56.) She explained
that she, her younger sister, and Colon’s sister, who was A.P.’s friend and former
classmate, were playing “mermaids” when Colon entered the pool. Colon picked up
each girl and threw them a few times. A.P. stated that when Colon threw her, he
kept “going in my bathing suit.” (Tr. 59.) A.P. explained that Colon touched her
“chest” on the inside of her bathing suit with both hands and then touched her
buttocks on the outside of her bathing suit on two occasions while throwing her in
the pool. (Tr. 61-63.) All this alleged touching occurred under the water where it
was not visible to the others in the pool. (Tr. 63-64.) A.P. testified that she was born
on September 14, 2009. (Tr. 48.) She was, therefore, 11 years old when the incident
occurred in June 2020.
After Colon exited the pool, A.P., her sister, and her friend got food and
drinks and then returned to the pool. Colon had gone, “everything was normal,” and
they played in the pool until 11:00 p.m. (Tr. 65.) A.P. did not tell anyone about the
assault that day, but she did tell her best friend and a family friend the following day.
(Tr. 67.) The family friend encouraged A.P. to tell her mother, and A.P. eventually
told Mother about the assault in May 2021. (Tr. 68.)
Detective Kevin Smith (“Det. Smith”), a sex-crimes detective with the
Cleveland Police Department, testified that he investigated the report of sexual
assault made by A.P. (Tr. 97.) After interviewing A.P.’s parents and Colon, Det.
Smith learned that the alleged assault occurred in July 2020, but he did not receive
the report until May 2021. (Tr. 100.) Colon was 18 at the time of the incident in
2020. (Tr. 102-103.) On cross-examination, Det. Smith admitted that the case
workers at the Butler County children’s services agency that investigated the case
concluded that the allegations were “unsubstantiated.” (Tr. 123.)
Based on witness testimony, the State moved, pursuant to Crim.R.
7(D), to amend the dates in the two counts of the indictment to include the
timeframe from July 1, 2020, to July 31, 2020. Defense counsel did not object, and
the court amended the dates of the alleged offenses. (Tr. 125.) Thereafter, defense
counsel moved for acquittal pursuant to Crim.R. 29, and the court denied the
motion.
Thereafter, defense counsel called Colon’s stepmother to testify for the
defense. Colon’s stepmother testified that she and Colon’s father hosted a “drive-
thru” graduation party because Colon graduated “during COVID” and “we weren’t
allowed to be together.” (Tr. 132.) She invited people through Facebook to drive by
the house and congratulate Colon on his graduation. (Tr. 133.) Because it was a
drive-by graduation party, it was not a pool party. (Tr. 132.)
While questioning Colon’s stepmother about the Facebook invitation,
defense counsel attempted to introduce a screenshot of the Facebook post for
purposes of impeaching A.P. on the date of the offense. The Facebook post indicated
that the party occurred on June 20, 2020 (Tr. 133.) Yet, A.P. had testified earlier
that she knew the party occurred on July 2, 2020, because she had seen Colon’s
stepmother’s Facebook post with the date. (Tr. 74.)
The prosecutor objected to the introduction of the screenshot on
grounds that it had not been produced during discovery even though defense
counsel had acquired the information several months before trial. (Tr. 133-135.)
Defense counsel argued that he was not obligated to produce it in discovery because
it was being offered as impeachment evidence against A.P. The trial court excluded
the extrinsic evidence offered for impeachment pursuant to Evid.R. 613 because
defense counsel did not confront A.P., the object of the impeachment, with the
evidence and, therefore, failed to afford her the opportunity to affirm, deny, or
explain the evidence. (Tr. 137.)
Nevertheless, Colon’s stepmother testified that the graduation party
was held on June 20, 2020. (Tr. 141.) She also confirmed that it was a one-day event
and that it was a drive-by party and not a pool party. (Tr. 141.)
Based on Colon’s stepmother’s testimony, the prosecutor again moved
to amend the dates of the offenses in the indictment to include the timeframe
between June 20, 2020, through July 31, 2020. The court granted the motion and
amended the dates over defense counsel’s objection. (Tr. 143.)
The trial court found Colon guilty on both counts of GSI alleged in the
indictment and referred Colon to the Cuyahoga County Probation Department for a
presentence-investigation report (“PSI”). (Tr. 159.) After reviewing the PSI, the
court sentenced Colon to two years of probation with certain conditions and
classified him as a Tier II sex offender. This appeal followed.
II. Law and Analysis
A. Manifest Weight of the Evidence
In the first assignment of error, Colon argues his GSI convictions are
against the manifest weight of the evidence.
In a manifest-weight challenge, the reviewing court “‘weighs the
evidence and all reasonable inferences, considers the credibility of witnesses and
determines whether in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the jury clearly lost its way
and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be
reversed and a new trial ordered.’” State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387
(1997), quoting State v. Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d 172, 175 (1st Dist. 1983). “A
conviction should be reversed as against the manifest weight of the evidence only in
the most ‘exceptional case in which the evidence weighs heavily against the
conviction.’” State v. Burks, 2018-Ohio-4777, ¶ 47 (8th Dist.), quoting Thompkins
at 388.
Colon was convicted of two counts of GSI in violation of R.C.
2907.05(A)(4). R.C. 2907.05(A)(4) states, in relevant part, that “[n]o person shall
have sexual contact with another, not the spouse of the offender . . . to have sexual
contact with the offender . . . when . . . [t]he other person . . . is less than thirteen
years of age, whether or not the offender knows the age of that person.” “‘Sexual
contact’ means any touching of an erogenous zone of another, including without
limitation the thigh, genitals, buttock, pubic region, or, if the person is a female, a
breast, for the purpose of sexually arousing or gratifying either person.”
R.C. 2907.01(B).
“Proof of a sexual gratification purpose does not require direct
evidence of arousal or gratification. A ‘trier of fact may infer that a defendant was
motivated by a desire for sexual arousal or gratification from the totality of the
circumstances.’” State v. Kalka, 2018-Ohio-5030, ¶ 31 (8th Dist.), quoting State v.
Edwards, 2003-Ohio-998, ¶ 22 (8th Dist.); see also State v. Tate, 2013-Ohio-370, ¶
20 (8th Dist.) (Holding that the purpose of the contact may be inferred from the
type, nature, and circumstances of the contact.).
Colon argues there is no evidence that he was motivated by a desire for
sexual arousal or gratification when he threw A.P. in the pool. He contends there
was only evidence that he touched A.P. and the others in order to throw them and
for no other reason. However, A.P. testified that Colon squeezed her breasts with
both hands under her bathing suit. (Tr. 62.) A.P. stated that Colon also touched her
buttocks outside of her bathing suit for “a few minutes” before throwing her.
(Tr. 62-63.) Squeezing A.P.’s breasts under the bathing suit would not be necessary
if Colon’s intent were merely to throw her. Although it may be necessary to touch
A.P. buttocks in order to throw her, the prolonged touching of the buttocks “for a
few minutes” would not. The circumstances surrounding Colon’s contact with these
areas indicates a desire for sexual arousal or gratification.
Colon nevertheless argues that A.P.’s testimony is not reliable or
credible because she testified that she was assaulted at Colon’s graduation party and
that the party occurred on July 2, 2020, when the party actually took place on
June 20, 2020. He further argues that Colon’s graduation party was a “drive-thru”
party and that there was no pool party. Colon argues that because A.P. testified to
the wrong date of the offense, her memory about any sexual contact that occurred
must also be wrong.
Sexual assaults are more likely to make an impression and to be
remembered than exact dates. And a trier of fact is free to believe all, some, or none
of a witness’s testimony and may resolve any inconsistencies accordingly. Fairview
Park v. Bowman, 2023-Ohio-4210, ¶ 101 (8th Dist.), citing State v. Shutes,
2018-Ohio-2188, ¶ 49 (8th Dist.). Just because A.P. confused the dates of the
offense does not mean that her testimony regarding sexual contact is unreliable.
A.P. provided significant details about each instance of sexual contact, which lends
credibility to her testimony. She stated that Colon grabbed and squeezed her breasts
with two hands under her bathing suit for a few minutes before throwing her.
(Tr. 61-62.) He later squeezed her buttocks over her bathing suit for a few minutes
before throwing her. (Tr. 62-63.) In both instances, Colon touched her under the
water where it was not visible to others in the pool. (Tr. 64.) A.P. also told two
friends about the assault within 24 hours of the incident, and the descriptions she
provided to others were consistent with her trial testimony. It was reasonable for
the court to find her testimony regarding sexual contact to be credible under these
circumstances. Therefore, we cannot say that the trial court lost its way and created
such a manifest miscarriage of justice that Colon’s convictions must be reversed and
a new trial ordered.
The first assignment of error is overruled.
B. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
In the second assignment of error, Colon claims his Sixth Amendment
right to the effective assistance of counsel was violated. He argues his trial counsel
was ineffective because he failed to turn over a screenshot of the Facebook invitation
for his birthday party in discovery and was, therefore, prevented from introducing
it as evidence at trial.
To establish ineffective assistance of counsel, the defendant must
demonstrate that counsel’s performance fell below an objective standard of
reasonable representation and that he or she was prejudiced by that deficient
performance. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687-688 (1984). Prejudice
is established when the defendant demonstrates “a reasonable probability that, but
for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been
different.” Id. at 694.
Colon argues his trial counsel was deficient because he committed a
discovery violation. However, evidence of the Facebook post was not excluded as a
sanction for a discovery violation; it was excluded because counsel’s presentation of
the evidence for impeachment purposes was improper because he failed to give A.P.,
the person he was attempting to impeach, the opportunity to review the evidence
and to affirm, deny, or explain it. (Tr. 137.) However, even assuming that counsel’s
improper presentation of the evidence fell below an objective standard of reasonable
representation, it would not matter because Colon cannot demonstrate that the
mistake caused any prejudice.
The screenshot of the Facebook invitation was offered to establish the
fact that Colon’s graduation party was a drive-by event rather than a pool party and
that the event occurred on June 20, 2020, instead of July 2, 2020. All of these facts
were established by witness testimony. Therefore, even if counsel had been
permitted to introduce evidence of the Facebook invitation, it would have been
cumulative to other evidence. Moreover, it would not have rendered A.P.’s
testimony about the sexual contact any less credible because A.P.’s confusion about
the exact date of the assault does not automatically discredit the remainder of her
testimony. Therefore, because the admission of the Facebook invitation into
evidence would not have changed the outcome of the trial, Colon fails to establish
his ineffective assistance of counsel claim.
The second assignment of error is overruled.
Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the
common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s
conviction having been affirmed, any bail pending appeal is terminated. Case
remanded to the trial court for execution of sentence.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, JUDGE
LISA B. FORBES, P.J., and
FRANK DANIEL CELEBREZZE, III, J., CONCUR