Wise v. Ohio State Univ. , 2011 Ohio 1433 ( 2011 )

[Cite as Wise v. Ohio State Univ., 2011-Ohio-1433.]
Court of Claims of Ohio
The Ohio Judicial Center
65 South Front Street, Third Floor
Columbus, OH 43215
614.387.9800 or 1.800.824.8263
www.cco.state.oh.us
KENNETH H. WISE
Plaintiff
v.
THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Defendant
Case No. 2007-07973
Judge Joseph T. Clark
DECISION
{¶ 1} Plaintiff brought this action alleging age discrimination.1 The issues of
liability and damages were bifurcated and the case proceeded to trial on the issue of
liability.
{¶ 2} From 1970 to 2003, plaintiff2 was employed as an Agricultural Technician
2 (Ag. Tech. 2) in the Krauss Dairy Barn on defendant’s campus in Wooster, Ohio.
Plaintiff’s primary duties were to feed and care for cows and calves in the dairy barn.
Plaintiff was the sole Ag. Tech. 2 who worked in the dairy barn.
{¶ 3} On August 20, 2003, Dr. James Kinder, Chair of the Department of Animal
Sciences, met with plaintiff and presented him with a notice of position abolishment. Dr.
1
On July 10, 2009, the court issued a decision wherein it granted summary judgment in defendant’s favor
as to plaintiff’s claims of disability discrimination, retaliation, and wrongful discharge in violation of public
policy.
2
Plaintiff was born on November 13, 1936.
Kinder explained to plaintiff that his position was being abolished as part of a Reduction
in Force (RIF) because of state budget cuts.
{¶ 4} Pursuant to defendant’s policies, plaintiff elected to exercise
“displacement rights.” Accordingly, he was eligible to displace an existing employee in
the same county who had the fewest retention points in the classification of the position
being abolished, provided that plaintiff met the qualifications for that position. In
October 2003, defendant offered plaintiff an Ag. Tech. 2 position in a greenhouse, which
required the use of pesticides. Plaintiff rejected that position due to health reasons, and
subsequently submitted a letter from his physician to substantiate his inability to perform
that particular job.
{¶ 5} On February 9, 2004, Dr. Kinder authored a letter advising plaintiff that his
position in the dairy barn had been eliminated and that the necessary duties had been
reassigned to other employees. The letter stated that effective February 22, 2004, he
would be assigned new duties, consistent with his Ag. Tech. 2 title, until his
displacement rights were exercised. Plaintiff was to report to work at the Wooster
Sheep Unit on February 24, 2004. However, due to a workplace injury he sustained in
January, plaintiff remained on medical leave and did not report to work.
{¶ 6} On April 22, 2004, plaintiff was issued an “amended notice of abolishment
of position” which stated that his position would be abolished effective May 10, 2004.
The letter informed plaintiff that he could elect either “Layoff/Displacement” or the “Staff
Severance Program.” On April 26, 2004, plaintiff notified the human resources
department that he again elected to exercise his displacement rights. On May 4, 2004,
plaintiff was notified that there were no positions available for him to displace at that
time, and that he would be placed on a layoff list for up to 12 months. Ultimately,
plaintiff retired from the university.
{¶ 7} Plaintiff asserts that defendant abolished his position because he was the
oldest employee in the dairy barn, and that the RIF was a pretext for discrimination
based upon his age.
AGE DISCRIMINATION
{¶ 8} R.C. 4112.02 provides, in part: “It shall be an unlawful discriminatory
practice: (A) For any employer, because of the * * * age * * * of any person, to
discharge without just cause, to refuse to hire, or otherwise to discriminate against that
person with respect to hire, tenure, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, or
any matter directly or indirectly related to employment.”
{¶ 9} The Supreme Court of Ohio has held that age discrimination cases
brought in state courts should be construed and decided in accordance with federal
guidelines and requirements. Barker v. Scovill, Inc. (1983), 6 Ohio St.3d 146, 147. A
plaintiff may establish a prima facie case of discrimination either by direct evidence or
by the indirect method established by the United States Supreme Court in McDonnell
Douglas Corp. v. Green (1973), 411 U.S. 792.
I. Direct Evidence
{¶ 10} Plaintiff claims that he has produced direct evidence which, if believed,
establishes that defendant’s motivation for abolishing his position was the desire to
employ younger individuals with research skills in the dairy barn.
{¶ 11} Plaintiff alleges that comments were made to him regarding his age on
two separate occasions. First, plaintiff asserts that in 2001, Bruce Phillips, his shift
manager in the dairy barn, asked him, “Why don’t you old guys retire and let us get
some young guys in here?” Second, plaintiff asserts that in 2002, Dr. Larry Smith asked
him, “Why don’t you old people leave and let me hire some young guys?”
{¶ 12} In order for a statement to be evidence of an unlawful employment
decision, plaintiff must show a “nexus between the improper motive and the decision
making process or personnel. Accordingly, courts consider (1) whether the comments
were made by a decision maker; (2) whether the comments were related to the decision
making process; (3) whether they were more than vague, isolated, or ambiguous; and
(4) whether they were proximate in time to the act of alleged discrimination.” Birch v.
Cuyahoga Cty. Probate Court, 173 Ohio App.3d 696, 705, 2007-Ohio-6189, ¶23.
However, where allegedly discriminatory comments are merely “stray remarks,”
unrelated to the decision-making process, such comments are not actionable. See
Bogdas v. Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction, Franklin App. No. 09AP-
466, 2009-Ohio-6327 citing Brewer v. Cleveland City Schools Bd. of Edn. (1997), 122
Ohio App.3d 378, 384; Smith v. Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. (C.A.7, 1989), 875 F.2d
1325, 1330.
{¶ 13} The court notes that plaintiff presented no evidence at trial that Bruce
Phillips had any input with the decision-making process to abolish plaintiff’s position.
Dr. Kinder testified that he sought advice from Joseph Hogan, Ph.D., Associate Chair of
the Department of Animal Sciences, to determine which positions to abolish. In
addition, Dr. Kinder testified that he did not seek Dr. Smith’s advice inasmuch as Dr.
Smith had retired prior to the implementation of the RIF. Therefore, the court finds that
plaintiff has failed to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that either of the alleged
comments were made by a decision maker, were related to the decision-making
process, or that they were proximate in time to the act of alleged discrimination.
II. Indirect Method
{¶ 14} Under McDonnell Douglas, supra, an inference of discriminatory intent
may be drawn where plaintiff establishes that he: 1) was at least 40 years old at the
time of the alleged discrimination; 2) was subjected to an adverse employment action;
3) was otherwise qualified for the position; and 4) that after plaintiff was rejected, a
substantially younger applicant was selected. See also Burzynski v. Cohen (C.A. 6,
2001), 264 F.3d 611, 622; Coryell v. Bank One Trust Co., N.A., 101 Ohio St.3d 175,
2004-Ohio-723, paragraph 1 of the syllabus. Plaintiff has established that he was 67
years old at the time that his position was abolished and that he was qualified for the
position.
{¶ 15} However, in cases of an RIF, the fourth element of the prima facie case is
modified to require that plaintiff “‘com[e] forward with additional evidence, be it direct,
circumstantial, or statistical, to establish that age was a factor in the termination.’”
Kundtz v. AT&T Solutions, Inc., Franklin App. No. 05AP-1045, 2007-Ohio-1462, ¶21,
quoting Dahl v. Battelle Memorial Inst., Franklin App. No. 03AP-1028, 2004-Ohio-3884,
¶15. The purpose of the modified requirement is to ensure that plaintiff shows that
“there is a chance that the work force reduction is not the reason for the termination.”
Woods v. Capital Univ., Franklin App. No. 09AP-166, 2009-Ohio-5672, ¶57. (Internal
citations omitted.) To determine whether a valid RIF occurred, the key inquiry is
whether the employer replaced plaintiff. Id. at ¶58. (Internal citations omitted.) If an
employer consolidated jobs in order to eliminate excess worker capacity and did not
replace plaintiff, then an RIF took place. Id.
{¶ 16} Dr. Kinder testified that he was notified in 2003 that the Ohio Agricultural
Research and Development Center (OARDC) fund was faced with a 6.5 percent budget
reduction. Dr. Kinder explained that in light of the budget reduction, he had to either
close animal units or reduce staff. Dr. Kinder testified that he sought guidance from Dr.
Hogan to determine which positions in the dairy barn were the most, and least, critical.
Dr. Kinder explained that he selected plaintiff’s position for elimination because it was
the least essential in sustaining the research at the dairy barn. Dr. Kinder further
testified that since the RIF began in 2003, 23 positions had been abolished. Dr. Kinder
explained that Plaintiff’s Exhibit 11 sets forth the names of other employees who
received notices of abolishment on August 20, 2003: Phillip Shriver, Farm Laborer 1;
Teresa Funk, Office Associate; and Pat Rigby, Program Assistant.
{¶ 17} Dr. Hogan testified that Dr. Kinder requested that he identify three
positions that could be eliminated in the RIF. Dr. Hogan testified that he considered
every position for elimination, in that he examined every employee’s duties at the time.
With regard to plaintiff, Dr. Hogan described him as a “back-up” calf feeder and “back-
up” tie-stall feeder and noted that plaintiff did not have any research duties. Hogan
stated that the primary calf feeder was Nancy Oliver (age 59, Dairy Worker 2); that the
primary tie-stall feeder was Lynn Baker (age 44, Dairy Worker 2); and that if either of
those employees were not scheduled to work, plaintiff would serve as “back-up.”3 Dr.
Hogan explained that feeding took up the vast majority of the shifts worked by Oliver,
Baker, and plaintiff. Dr. Hogan explained that plaintiff’s position of a “back-up” feeder
was eliminated, and that his duties were absorbed by the following existing employees:
Bruce Phillips (age 40), Craig Zimmerly (age 29), Fred Sahariat (age 53), and Kevin
Miller (age 41).
3
The ages of the employees as of July 2003, are found in Defendant’s Exhibit H.
{¶ 18} Upon review of the evidence, the court finds that the RIF was valid, in that
plaintiff’s position was abolished and he was not replaced. As such, plaintiff is required
to produce additional evidence to establish that age was a factor in his termination.
Kundtz, supra.
{¶ 19} Plaintiff testified that on August 20, 2003, he learned that his job would be
abolished in a meeting with Dr. Kinder, Dr. Hogan, and Eileen Kieffaber from the human
resources department. In the meeting, plaintiff asked “How can you let me go with 34
years of service?” and “How can you let me go when you have just hired younger
people with less service credit?” In plaintiff’s opinion, there was “no reason” to move
him from the dairy barn, but he was willing to work in the poultry barn. However, plaintiff
acknowledged that he did not apply for any other positions with defendant either during
his 12-month layoff or anytime thereafter.
{¶ 20} Plaintiff pointed to Raymond Windsor (age 21) as someone who was
substantially younger than he was and who did the same job that he did. Plaintiff also
stated that an individual named Julie Schuster was hired in 2006 to work in the dairy
barn and that she was also substantially younger than he was. Dr. Kinder
testified that the day he informed plaintiff that his position was being abolished was the
first time that he had met plaintiff, and that he did not know plaintiff’s age when he
decided to abolish his position. Dr. Kinder further stated that Raymond Windsor began
his employment as an Ag. Tech. 1 on September 9, 2001, which was a temporary
position funded by grant monies. Dr. Kinder disputed that Windsor had the same job
responsibilities as plaintiff, but further stated that grant monies could not be used to fund
a full-time employee’s salary, such as plaintiff’s.
{¶ 21} Lorena (Lori) Weber testified that she had been the human resources
manager for the Department of Animal Sciences for ten years, including during the time
that the RIF took place. Weber explained that once an RIF is implemented, a rationale
for abolishing specific positions is determined. Furthermore, she stated that once it is
determined that an employee’s job is being abolished, the employee can either choose
severance or displacement options. Inasmuch as plaintiff chose displacement, Weber
began looking for comparable positions. According to Weber, plaintiff was not permitted
to displace a Dairy Worker position because that was a different classification.
{¶ 22} Weber testified that an Ag. Tech. 2 position in a greenhouse was identified
as a position that plaintiff could have displaced. However, due to a prior medical
condition, plaintiff refused that position. Weber stated that there were no positions in
the dairy barn that plaintiff was able to displace. According to Weber, after plaintiff did
not accept the greenhouse position, he was placed on a layoff list. Weber explained
that once a person is placed on a layoff list, if a position is posted in the employee’s
prior classification, she would inform the employee. However, Weber stated that no
positions in plaintiff’s classification were posted in the 12-month period that he was on
the layoff list.
{¶ 23} Upon review of the evidence, the court finds that plaintiff has failed to
satisfy the fourth prong of the prima facie case of age discrimination, in that he has not
brought forth additional evidence to establish that age was a factor in his job
abolishment. Although plaintiff asserts that Raymond Windsor and/or Julie Schuster
(who was hired in 2006) replaced him, the greater weight of the evidence shows that
plaintiff’s job responsibilities were divided among four existing employees in the dairy
barn. Furthermore, Raymond Windsor’s position was funded by grant monies, which
were not available as a source of funds for plaintiff’s full-time position. Accordingly, the
court finds that plaintiff has failed to state a prima facie claim of age discrimination.
Therefore, for the foregoing reasons, the court finds that plaintiff has failed to prove his
claim of age discrimination and, accordingly, judgment shall be rendered in favor of
defendant.
Court of Claims of Ohio
The Ohio Judicial Center
65 South Front Street, Third Floor
Columbus, OH 43215
614.387.9800 or 1.800.824.8263
www.cco.state.oh.us
KENNETH H. WISE
Plaintiff
v.
THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Defendant
Case No. 2007-07973
Judge Joseph T. Clark
JUDGMENT ENTRY
This case was tried to the court on the issue of liability. The court has
considered the evidence and, for the reasons set forth in the decision filed concurrently
herewith, judgment is rendered in favor of defendant. Court costs are assessed against
plaintiff. The clerk shall serve upon all parties notice of this judgment and its date of
entry upon the journal.
_____________________________________
JOSEPH T. CLARK
Judge
cc:
Amy S. Brown John F. Myers
Assistant Attorney General 159 South Main Street
150 East Gay Street, 18th Floor 815 Key Building
Columbus, Ohio 43215-3130 Akron, Ohio 44308
HTS/cmd
Filed March 15, 2011
To S.C. reporter March 22, 2011