Bingham v. Bingham , 629 P.2d 1297 ( 1981 )

BOYDSTON, Judge.

This is an appeal by Walter Lee Bingham (hereinafter referred to as Husband) from the trial court’s order modifying a divorce decree wherein he was not required to pay any child support for his adopted children. The court ordered him to begin paying $75 per month, per child, until each reached majority. Husband appeals.

The pertinent facts arise from an increasingly common occurrence in that Husband married a woman, Mary Bingham (hereinafter referred to as Mother), who brought three children from a previous relationship into the new marriage. Husband adopted the children as his own, but the marriage dissolved in less than two years.

In the original divorce decree, the court approved the following provision relative to the adopted children:

It is further ordered, adjudged and decreed by the court that the defendant be and she is hereby granted the primary care and custody of the minor children, Jimmie Bingham, Timothy Bingham, and Jeffry Bingham, and the plaintiff is excused from the payment of child support for said minor children during their minority; and plaintiff is without visitation rights to the said minor children.” (emphasis added)

Ten months after the divorce, Mother filed a motion to modify asking for child support based upon the allegation that a change of conditions had occurred. At the hearing Mother presented evidence showing her expenses had increased since the divorce primarily in the area of the children’s health care. The evidence established she had encountered additional expenses due to hearing and vision problems and certain learning disabilities which had developed. Husband’s evidence showed he was now earning less money than at the time of the divorce. In fact, his earning capacity had decreased substantially at the time of the hearing due to a temporary medical disability-

The court found there had been a “change of conditions” since the rendition of the original decree and ordered Husband to begin paying child support for the two youngest children.¹

On appeal, Husband raises the following issues:

(1) Whether the court erred in finding substantial change of conditions sufficient to warrant modification of the child support order; and,

(2) Whether the support order is excessive.

It is the function of this court to weigh all the evidence presented and unless the trial court’s decision is clearly against the weight of that evidence to uphold the judgment rendered below.² In this instance the trial court’s order is supported by both law and evidence.

I

The thrust of Husband’s first proposition is, since his financial status has changed for the worse no condition exists to justify modification. This may have been a valid argument if the original decree had provided support based on his then existing financial status. However, we find no evidence that the provision in the decree which relieves him of the duty to support his children was based on his ability to pay. Further, we find that provision to be voidable as against public policy.

A review of the original decree clearly shows nothing unusual in the division of the marital estate. The only provision which is extraordinary is the one concerning Husband’s financial obligations for the support, care and nurturing of the children. In this respect it is apparent both parties agreed to ignore the legal and moral implications of the adoption. They agreed Husband, the father of these children, would be allowed to ignore his parental prerogatives and duties relating to visitation, thus depriving the children of the companionship, training, care and nurturing to which they are entitled. In exchange, Mother bartered away the children’s right to be parentally and financially supported. In so doing the parties made a “contract” which no court should condone or perpetuate, absent proper evidence justifying the proposed parental limitations.

The provision, which we note was included in th.e decree as part of the agreement privately reached by the parties in the uncontested divorce, has the practical effect of terminating the parental rights of the father.

Oklahoma law provides strict statutory guidelines which clearly establish that the court alone has the power to sever parental rights and only upon a finding that termination is in the best interests of the children.³ While it is permissible for a parent to consent to the termination of his or her rights, this must be done in strict conformance to the statutes which require notice to be given and a hearing to be held. This statutory procedure recognizes the overriding interest of the state in protecting and providing for children.

That same state interest is reflected throughout the statutes which regulate the creation of parental responsibilities through adoption. Those statutory requirements are strict so that the state may do its utmost to insure that the awesome responsibilities and rights undertaken by the adopting parents are, in fact, knowingly assumed by those parents. The effect desired by the state is that the legal process of adoption will culminate in the creation of a family unit which is indistinguishable from one wherein the children are conceived and nurtured by their biological parents.

Parental rights, whether created by the natural relationship of parent and child or created by the state through adoption may only be terminated or impaired upon a clear finding by the court after an eviden-tiary hearing that it is, in fact, in the best interests of the children to enter such an order.

In the case at bar no such evidence was presented. For the court to enter such a finding under these circumstances is in direct violation of the statutory duty of that court to provide for the support of the minor children of the parties to a divorce action.⁴ This duty cannot be set aside by an agreement of the parties⁵ and any such agreement which is allowed to be entered as part of a divorce decree is unenforceable.

To ignore the full legal implications of the fact of adoption is to relegate it to a second-class parental relationship, a result which is contrary to public policy. The courts cannot force parents to behave privately as responsible parents, but neither should we encourage irresponsibility by cloaking it with the dignity of a court order.

We hold that portion of the original decree which purports to deprive Husband of the usual parental rights and duties is voidable and subject to attack at any time. Further, we hold no proof of a change of circumstances is necessary to invoke the right of visitation' or to impose the obligation to pay child support under the circumstances presented herein.

We agree with the argument that a change of circumstance must necessarily be proven in order to modify the amount of child support to be paid in a divorce action. However, in this case, the question presented is not by how much child support payments should be modified but is rather whether it should be paid at all. In this limited circumstance we hold that where no support for minor children is provided in the divorce decree, this constitutes error on the part of the trial court⁶ and no change of circumstance need be shown to invoke the father’s statutory obligation to support his children.⁷ Further, this rule applies to adopted as well as natural born children for once the adoption process is complete, there is no legal distinction to be drawn between the two.

The trial court correctly held Husband’s obligation to pay child support be invoked and we further find the amount imposed is not clearly against the weight of evidence.

We therefore affirm the judgment of the trial court and tax costs of appeal equally between the parties.

BACON, P. J., concurs. BRIGHTMIRE, J., concurs in part and dissents in part.

1 . At the time of trial, one child had attained majority leaving two children entitled to support.

2 . Blagg v. Rutledge, 207 Okl. 559, 251 P.2d 196 (1952).

3 . 10 O.S.Supp.1976 § 1130.

4 . Wade v. Wade, Okl., 570 P.2d 337 (1977); Donahoe v. Alcorn, 188 Okl. 305, 108 P.2d 786 (1940).

5 . Parkey v. Parkey, Okl., 371 P.2d 711 (1962).

6 . 12 O.S.Supp.1976 § 1277.

7 . 10 O.S.Supp.1976 § 4.