State v. SOTO-NUNEZ , 227 Or. App. 22 ( 2009 )

204 P.3d 850 (2009) 227 Or. App. 22

STATE of Oregon, Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
Jose Patricio SOTO-NUNEZ, aka Jose Patricio Soto, Defendant-Appellant.

C021718CR; C022939CR; A121304 (Control); A121305.

Court of Appeals of Oregon.

Submitted on remand October 28, 2008. Decided April 1, 2009.

Irene B. Taylor, Deputy Public Defender, for appellant.

Hardy Myers, Attorney General, Mary H. Williams, Solicitor General, and Tiffany Keast, Assistant Attorney General, for respondent.

Before LANDAU, Presiding Judge, and BREWER, Chief Judge, and HASELTON, Judge.

BREWER, C.J.

This case is before us on remand from the Supreme Court, which vacated our prior decision, State v. Soto-Nunez, 211 Or.App. 545, 155 P.3d 96 (2007) (Soto-Nunez I), in light of State v. Ramirez, 343 Or. 505, 173 P.3d 817 (2007), adh'd to as modified on recons., 344 Or. 195, 179 P.3d 673 (2008), and State v. Fults, 343 Or. 515, 173 P.3d 822 (2007). State v. Soto-Nunez, 345 Or. 316, 195 P.3d 64 (2008). In Soto-Nunez I, we vacated defendant's sentences and remanded for resentencing because the trial court had imposed departure sentences based on judicial findings that defendant was persistently involved in similar offenses. That factfinding constituted plain error, and we exercised our discretion to correct it. The issue before us on remand is whether, in light of Ramirez and Fults, we properly exercised our discretion under Ailes v. Portland Meadows, Inc., 312 Or. 376, 381-82, 823 P.2d 956 (1991). We conclude that our exercise of discretion in Soto-Nunez I was erroneous. Accordingly, we affirm.

Defendant was convicted of felony driving under the influence of intoxicants and identity theft. The trial court imposed a durational departure sentence of 60 months' imprisonment on the DUII conviction. The court also imposed a departure sentence of 12 months' imprisonment on the identity theft conviction. The court gave the following reasons for its departures:

"On the charge of driving under the influence of intoxicants * * * the court is going to impose a departure sentence to the maximum of 60 months with the Corrections Division and that's based upon persistent involvement in similar activities, which is, basically, the history of eight prior DUII's.

"* * * * *

"On the charge of identity theft, the court is going to depart from the six-month presumptive sentence to 12 months based upon persistent involvement in similar activity. And I'm relying on the charges of giving false information to a police officer, his convictions for that and the information that's presented by the DA at sentencing, the use of other names, because that does present a threat to those individuals in terms of their possible arrest and use of their identities in his criminal enterprise, namely the DUII's."

On this record, we readily conclude that there is no legitimate debate that the jury would have drawn the inference that defendant was persistently involved in similar offenses. See Ramirez, 343 Or. at 513, 173 P.3d 817 (setting out "legitimate debate" standard for exercise of discretion to review unpreserved challenges to departure sentences based on judicial findings of fact). As we explained in State v. Williams, 225 Or. App. 325, 328-29, 201 P.3d 267 (2009), under State v. Bray, 342 Or. 711, 724, 160 P.3d 983 (2007), there is no legitimate debate that a jury would have found a defendant to have been persistently involved in similar offenses where the number and frequency of the defendant's prior convictions compels the inference that his or her criminal behavior has been "persistent." Defendant had eight prior convictions for DUII, all of which he committed within eight years of his sentencing in this case. Both the number and the frequency of defendant's DUII convictions render it beyond legitimate debate that the jury would have drawn the inference of persistency required by Bray.

The court also imposed a durational departure sentence on defendant's conviction for identity theft based on persistent involvement in similar offenses, that is, his three prior convictions for giving false information to a police officer.^[1] Here, defendant had three prior convictions for giving false information to a police officer. That offense, although not identical to identity theft, is sufficiently similar that there is no legitimate debate that the jury would have found defendant's three prior convictions to be for a "similar offense." See State v. Cornelius, 112 Or.App. 98, 100-01, 827 P.2d 937, rev. den., 314 Or. 176, 836 P.2d 1345 (1992) (setting out methodology for determining similarity of prior convictions). Defendant did not dispute — in the trial court, on direct appeal, or on remand — the trial court's finding that the offenses were similar. Likewise, given the number of defendant's prior convictions, we conclude that there is also no legitimate debate that the jury would have found defendant to have been persistently involved in similar offenses. Accordingly, we decline to exercise our discretion to review the assigned error.

Affirmed.

NOTES

[1] To the extent that the trial court also relied on the state's representation of defendant's conduct that had not resulted in a conviction, that reliance plays no part in our analysis because, as the Supreme Court made clear in Bray, a finding of persistent involvement in similar offenses is predicated on the existence of two or more prior convictions.