State Ex Rel. Eastern State Hospital v. Beard ( 1979 )

PER CURIAM:

The issue presented in this appeal is whether the District Court erred in ruling that funds derived from a United States Government pension and paid through the Veterans’ Administration are exempt, under the terms of 38 U.S.C. § 3101(a) (1970), from the claim of Eastern State Hospital for the costs of care and treatment of a deceased veteran.

The veteran, Dorothy May Beard Grings, died, leaving one surviving child. Clarence E. Beard, Ms. Grings’ duly appointed and qualified guardian, was appointed executor of her estate and caused statutory notice to creditors to be published. The State of Oklahoma, ex rel. Eastern State Hospital, filed a verified claim for treatment and services rendered to the veteran prior to her death.

The executor rejected the above claim and, at the hearing on the rejected claim, the parties entered into a stipulation of facts. The stipulation sets forth the dates of intermittent and residential care furnished by the State, covering a period from 1959 to 1975, and an itemized verified statement of account showing $6,547.50 due. The stipulation, further, declares that all assets remaining in the estate are derived from the pension paid as a gratuity from the United States Government. The executor alleged that 38 U.S.C. § 3101(a) (1970)¹ renders the funds exempt from the claims of creditors.

The courts have recognized that Veterans’ Administration benefits are intended to provide for the surviving family of a veteran, as well as the veteran himself. The purposes of the exemption statute (§ 3101) are to protect the recipient of the benefits, and to afford some degree of security to the family and dependents of the recipient. State v. Monaco, 81 N.J.Super. 448,195 A.2d 910 (1963); In re Flanagan, 31 F.Supp. 402 (D.D.C.1940).

It is further noted that “[tjhese payments are intended primarily for the maintenance and support of the veteran.” Lawrence v. Shaw, 300 U.S. 245, 250, 57 S.Ct. 443, 445, 81 L.Ed. 623, 627 (1937) (emphasis supplied). The State of Oklahoma, in furnishing the incompetent veteran with care and maintenance in a state mental institution, was providing the very support her benefits were intended to cover. In re Bemowski’s Guardianship, 3 Wis.2d 133, 88 N.W.2d 22 (1958).

Reimbursement to the State has been allowed for and enforced, in these circumstances, under the doctrine of parens patri-ae or by holding that the state mental hospital was performing, in effect, the duty of the guardian. In re Bemowski’s Guardian-

ship, supra; In re Bayly’s Estate, 95 Cal.App.2d 174, 212 P.2d 587 (1949). The courts of Arkansas, California, Illinois, Maine, Michigan, New York, and Wisconsin have held that Congress did not intend to classify states, which provide support in state institutions to incompetent veterans under guardianship, as “creditors” within the meaning of § 3101. Cruce v. Arkansas State Hospital, 241 Ark. 680, 409 S.W.2d 342 (1966); In re Bayly’s Estate, supra; Department of Public Welfare v. Sevcik, 18 Ill.2d 449, 164 N.E.2d 10 (1960); State v. Bean, 159 Me. 455, 195 A.2d 68 (1963); In re Lewis’ Estate, 287 Mich. 179, 283 N.W. 21 (1938); Matter of Simpson, 270 App.Div. 902, 61 N.Y.S.2d 529 (1946); In re Bemowski’s Guardianship, supra.

Title 43A O.S.1971, § 111 provides that a claim of the State of Oklahoma, “[a]t the death of the patient . . . shall be allowed and paid as other lawful claims against the estate.” However, we ascribe to the viewpoint, espoused in In re Bemowski’s Guardianship, supra, 3 Wis.2d 133, 88 N.W.2d at 25, that it is “immaterial whether a particular state under its own law is required to proceed as a creditor to enforce such reimbursement.” Accordingly, we follow the rationale of the above cases, and hold, as they do, that the State, under the circumstances of this case, is not a “creditor” within the meaning of § 3101.

The State of Oklahoma is attributed a special status in that it has provided the very support for which the veteran’s benefits were intended, and in that it had no choice but to accept this veteran and provided necessary support. That is to say, the State, in the instant case, was engaged in a governmental function and could not, as a private individual or institution might, refuse services prior to payment. 43A O.S. 1971, § 111; In re Bemowski’s Guardianship, supra.

Based on the fundamental policy of protecting the incompetent against depletion of his estate, reimbursement is not allowed or provided for care and maintenance by a state prior to the appointment of a guardian for the deceased. Savoid v. District of Columbia, 110 U.S.App.D.C. 39, 288 F.2d 851 (D.C. Cir. 1961); In re Bayly’s Estate, supra.

The case is reversed and remanded for a determination of, and reimbursement to the State for, actual cost of maintenance of the incompetent veteran for the period commencing with the appointment of her guardian and out of funds accruing after said appointment. Savoid v. District of Columbia, supra.²

Reversed and Remanded.

LAVENDER, C. J., IRWIN, V. C. J., and WILLIAMS, HODGES, BARNES, SIMMS, HARGRAVE and OP ALA, JJ., concur. DOOLIN, J., concurs specially.

1 . § 3101. Nonassignability and exempt status of benefits

(a) Payments of benefits due or to become due under any law administered by the Veterans’ Administration shall not be assignable except to the extent specifically authorized by law, and such payments made to, or on account of, a beneficiary shall be exempt from taxation, shall be exempt from the claim of creditors, and shall not be liable to attachment, levy, or seizure by or under any legal or equitable process whatever, either before or after receipt by the beneficiary. The proceeding sentence shall not apply to claims of the United States arising under such laws nor shall the exemption therein contained as to taxation extend to any property purchased in part or wholly out of such payments. The provisions of this section shall not be construed to prohibit the assignment of insurance otherwise authorized under Chapter 19 of this title, or of servicemen’s indemnity.

2 . We attach no significance to that part of the stipulation of the parties setting forth an agreement with the Department of Mental Health of the State of Oklahoma and the Veterans’ Administration regarding the acceptance of an agreed stipend and the State’s waiver of additional compensation upon acceptance thereof. The agreement patently has no application to the facts in the case at bar, for by its terms it is limited to cases where the veteran has no child or has had no guardian appointed. Both of these conditions are present in the instant case.