Saunders v. Warren , 264 N.C. 200 ( 1965 )

141 S.E.2d 308 (1965) 264 N.C. 200

Robert Edward SAUNDERS
v.
Rufus George WARREN and Radig Vault Company, Inc., a corporation.

No. 449.

Supreme Court of North Carolina.

April 7, 1965.

White, Crumpler, Powell, Pfefferkorn & Green, Winston Salem, for plaintiff appellant.

Hudson, Ferrell, Petree, Stockton, Stockton & Robinson and J. Robert Elster, Winston Salem, for defendant appellees.

BOBBITT, Justice.

Uncontroverted evidence tends to show: At the scene of collision, the highway is a tar and gravel road, "approximately 20 feet wide, with approximately 3 to 4 feet of shoulder on the right side headed east, and on the other side the shoulders are approximately the same width." To the right of the shoulder, "on the right side headed east," there is a ditch.

Plaintiff's testimony, when considered in the light most favorable to him, tends to show the facts narrated below.

Plaintiff was driving a 2½-ton flat-bed (Ford) dual-wheel truck. His speed was 35-40 miles per hour. Plaintiff testified: "It wasn't snowing hard * * * it was snow flurries. * * * the roadway was wet * * there was ice in spots and snow in spots." Upon rounding a (level or slightly downgrade) curve to his right, he saw approximately 300 feet ahead two stalled vehicles, a (pickup) truck and a car. The front of the truck was in the ditch to the right, the rear in plaintiff's lane of travel. The car, farther east, was on the highway. Westbound traffic was approaching and passing. Plaintiff stopped his truck. He got out to help those whose vehicles were stalled.

Acting on plaintiff's suggestions, the driver of the stalled car started forward. Then plaintiff, by means of a chain, pulled the stalled pickup truck completely off the highway. To do this, plaintiff "got just as close over to the ditch as (he) could get without getting in the ditch, and * * was about two foot from the ditch." After this, plaintiff was in his truck and ready to move forward. At that time, the right wheels of his truck were on the shoulder and the left wheels "were two foot on the pavement, or maybe a little more."

Plaintiff's clearance lights had been on and were burning before he reached the scene of collision. The clearance lights were across the top of the bed of his truck. When he stopped and got out, he turned on other lights, including "a 6-inch tail light that has got ``STOP' on it that blinks off and on." Plaintiff testified: "At the time the collision ocurred it was cloudy, but it was daylight." Again: "Before the impact I wasn't there over five minutes."

The front of the Studebaker truck struck the left rear of the Ford truck. There was no visible damage to the steel bed of the Ford truck. The whole front of the Studebaker truck was mashed in.

A State Highway Patrolman, referring to his conversation with Warren at the scene of the collision, testified: "The defendant told me that he had come around that curve, going east. I don't recall him telling me that he saw the plantiff's truck. He told me, when I asked him what happened, that he was traveling east, approximately 15 miles per hour, and he applied his brakes, and got to skidding on the ice, and he lost control of it. I don't recall him making any statement to me like he saw the plaintiff's truck down there." According to this witness, Warren stated that, after he applied his brakes and lost control, his truck "slid into the other truck." This witness also testified that the measured distance from the curve to the scene of collision was 285 feet.

There was evidence tending to show plaintiff, as a result of said collision, sustained personal injuries, principally in the area of his neck.

The rules applicable in the consideration of the evidence when passing on a motion for nonsuit are well settled. 4 Strong, N.C. Index, Trial § 21.

Defendants contend plaintiff's evidence shows only that defendants' truck skidded on an icy road when the driver was confronted with a sudden emergency and fails to show actionable negligence on the part of defendants. This contention is untenable.

In Hardee v. York, 262 N.C. 237, 136 S.E.2d 582, where prior decisions relating to skidding are cited and discussed, the opinion of Moore, J., states: "An act or omission of a motorist which would not be negligent in the absence of ice on the highway, might well be so if ice were present. And negligence which would be harmless on a clear, dry highway might well be the proximate cause of injury on an icy highway. An actor's act or omission is to be judged by the circumstances under which it occurs."

Here, there is ample evidence to support findings that Warren, by the exercise of due care, could and should have seen plaintiff's truck when he was approximately 285 feet therefrom; and that Warren, if he saw what he could and should have seen, had opportunity to bring his truck under control and stop it well before he reached plaintiff's truck. Hence, it may be reasonably inferred that Warren either failed to exercise due care to keep a proper lookout or, observing plaintiff's truck, failed to exercise due care to bring his truck under control and stop it before coming into close proximity to plaintiff's truck. A reasonable inference is that Warren did not attempt to stop until he came into close proximity to plaintiff's truck and that his failure to exercise due care in this respect was the cause of whatever emergency confronted him.

In Culver v. LaRoach, 260 N.C. 579, 133 S.E.2d 167, and Hall v. Little, 262 N.C. 618, 138 S.E.2d 282, cited by defendants, materially different factual situations were considered.

Defendants' contention that the evidence establishes as a matter of law that plaintiff was contributorily negligent is untenable.

Defendants assert, inter alia, that plaintiff's conduct was in violation of G.S. § 20-161(a) and therefore constituted contributory negligence per se. The provisions of G.S. § 20-161(a) are set forth and discussed in Meece v. Dickson, 252 N.C. 300, 113 S.E.2d 578, where Winborne, C. J., based on cited cases, states: "To ``park' means something more than a mere temporary or momentary stoppage on the highway for a necessary purpose." (Note: In one respect, not material to decision on the present record, Meece v. Dickson, supra, was overruled in Melton v. Crotts, 257 N.C. 121, 125, 125 S.E.2d 396.)

Plaintiff's truck was not disabled. He stopped because his lane of travel was blocked. Having stopped, he rendered aid to the operators of the stalled vehicles that blocked his lane of travel. The interval between the removal of the pickup from the highway and the collision was brief. Suffice to say, the evidence fails to establish as a matter of law that a violation of G.S. § 20-161(a), if any, was a proximate cause of the collision. Nor does the evidence establish as a matter of law that plaintiff was contributorily negligent in any other respect. Pender v. National Convoy & Trucking Co., 206 N.C. 266, 173 S.E. 336, and Chandler v. Forsyth Royal Crown Bottling Co., 257 N.C. 245, 125 S.E.2d 584, cited by defendants, deal with materially different factual situations.

Conceding there are discrepancies and inconsistencies in the evidence, even in the testimony of plaintiff, these are to be resolved by the jury. Stathopoulos v. Shook, 251 N.C. 33, 36, 110 S.E.2d 452.

Our conclusion is that the evidence was sufficient to require determination by the jury under appropriate instructions of the issues raised by the pleadings. Hence, the judgment of involuntary nonsuit is reversed.

Reversed.