Daker v. Ray , 275 Ga. 205 ( 2002 )

563 S.E.2d 429 (2002) 275 Ga. 205

DAKER
v.
RAY et al.

No. S02A0682.

Supreme Court of Georgia.

April 29, 2002. Reconsideration Denied May 28, 2002.

Waseem A. Daker, pro se.

Thurbert E. Baker, Atty. Gen., Katherine E. Evans, Asst. Atty. Gen., for appellee.

CARLEY, Justice.

In 1996, a jury found Waseem Daker guilty of two counts of aggravated stalking, and the trial court sentenced him to two consecutive five-year terms. The Court of Appeals affirmed, and this Court denied certiorari. Daker v. State, 243 Ga.App. 848, 533 S.E.2d 393 (2000), cert. den. 244 Ga.App. 897 (2000). Alleging that he was a pauper, Daker attempted to file a pro se petition seeking mandamus and declaratory relief against Chairman Ray and the other members of the Board of Pardons and Paroles (Board). He contended that he is entitled to a pardon because his convictions and sentences are void. In the alternative, he sought to compel the Board to consider him for parole because he had served more than one-third of his sentences, to reconsider him for parole on a periodic basis, and to adhere strictly to the parole guidelines mandated by OCGA § 42-9-40. The trial court found no justiciable issue of fact or law in any of the claims, and denied filing pursuant to OCGA § 9-15-2(d). We granted Daker's application for discretionary appeal from the trial court's order.

1. OCGA § 9-15-2(d) authorizes the denial of filing "if the pleading shows on its face such a complete absence of any justiciable issue of law or fact that the court could not reasonably grant any relief against any party named therein." Yizar v. Ault, 265 Ga. 708(1), 462 S.E.2d 141 (1995). With regard to the assertion that the convictions and sentences are void, "declaratory judgment is not a proper remedy. [Cits.]" Pendleton v. City of Atlanta, 236 Ga. 479, 480(1), 224 S.E.2d 357 (1976). Mandamus is also inappropriate because, under the circumstances, the exclusive remedy is a petition for a writ of habeas corpus. Saleem v. Forrester, 262 Ga. 693-694, 424 S.E.2d 623 (1993). Compare Riley v. Garrett, 219 Ga. 345, 351(2), 133 S.E.2d 367 (1963). Mandamus can issue only "if there is no other specific legal remedy for the legal rights." OCGA § 9-6-20. Therefore, the trial court correctly denied filing as to Daker's claim that his convictions and sentences are void.

2. The Board "is constitutionally vested with the power to grant parole, though the General Assembly has the ability to determine who is eligible for consideration of parole. [Cit.]" Vargas v. Morris, 266 Ga. 141, 142(2), 465 S.E.2d 275 (1996). The Board's constitutional power to make parole decisions is discretionary. Justice v. State Bd. of Pardons & Paroles, 234 Ga. 749, 751(2), 218 S.E.2d 45 (1975). In the exercise of its authority to determine parole eligibility, the General Assembly has required the Board to establish and use a parole guidelines system. OCGA § 42-9-40(a). See also OCGA § 42-9-42(c). However, nothing in the applicable statutes mandates that the guidelines control the final parole decision. The guidelines simply establish an initial date of eligibility for parole, and the ultimate grant or denial of parole to a prisoner who is eligible under the guidelines remains a discretionary matter for the Board. This is clear from the guidelines themselves, in that the Board expressly reserved its discretion to deviate from the recommended parole date derived therefrom. Vargas v. Morris, supra at 142(2), 465 S.E.2d 275. Thus, the trial court properly denied filing as to Daker's claim seeking to compel the Board to grant parole based strictly upon his eligibility under the guidelines. Dance v. Garner, 267 Ga. 126, 475 S.E.2d 646 (1996).

3. Daker is entitled to the Board's timely consideration for parole. Ray v. Barber, 273 Ga. 856, 857(2), 548 S.E.2d 283 (2001); OCGA § 42-9-45(a), (b). In its brief, the Board contends that it has considered him for parole. If that is true, then the Board has a valid defense to Daker's claim. However, the merits of the allegations were not addressed below, since the trial court ordered that the pleading not be filed. The validity of that ruling is dependent upon whether the petition stated a claim for relief. Mosier v. State Bd. of Pardons & Paroles, 213 Ga.App. 545(2), 445 S.E.2d 535 (1994). Daker's pleading must be construed most favorably for him. Tri-City Sanitation v. Action Sanitation Svc., 227 Ga. 489, 181 S.E.2d 377 (1971). Accordingly, the trial court erred in refusing to allow filing as to the claim for timely parole consideration. Ray v. Barber, supra at 857(2), 548 S.E.2d 283.

4. Because the trial court denied filing, and did not conduct a bench trial, findings of fact and conclusions of law were unnecessary. OCGA § 9-11-52(a).

Judgment affirmed in part and reversed in part.

All the Justices concur.