State v. Keeter , 42 N.C. App. 642 ( 1979 )

257 S.E.2d 480 (1979) 42 N.C. App. 642

STATE of North Carolina
v.
Ruth Wilson KEETER and Roy Richard Keeter.

No. 7929SC280.

Court of Appeals of North Carolina.

August 21, 1979.

Atty. Gen. Rufus L. Edmisten by Sp. Deputy Atty. Gen. M. Ann Reed, Raleigh, for the State.

Jack H. Potts, Brevard, for defendants-appellants.

HARRY C. MARTIN, Judge.

Six assignments of error are raised on appeal. Three assignments of error are raised on behalf of both defendants, one solely on behalf of defendant Ruth Wilson Keeter and two solely on behalf of Roy Keeter. We find no error in the trial of Ruth Wilson Keeter and vacate the judgments of Roy Keeter.

Defendant Roy Keeter contends the trial court erroneously denied his motions to dismiss pursuant to N.C.G.S. 15A-1227 because the evidence was insufficient from which an inference of aiding and abetting could be drawn. We agree.

To withstand a motion to dismiss, there must be substantial evidence of all material elements of the offense. State v. Furr, 292 N.C. 711, 235 S.E.2d 193, cert. denied, 434 U.S. 924, 98 S. Ct. 402, 54 L. Ed. 2d 281 (1977). The legal principles of aiding and abetting must be applied to the evidence offered in this case to decide whether there was sufficient evidence to require submission of the charges to the jury with respect to defendant Roy Keeter.

All who are present at the place of a crime and are either aiding, abetting, assisting, or advising in its commission, or are present for such purpose to the knowledge of the actual perpetrator, are principals and equally guilty. [Citations omitted.]

An aider and abettor is one who advises, counsels, procures, or encourages another to commit a crime. [Citations omitted.]

To render one who does not actually participate in the commission of a crime guilty of the offense committed, there must be some evidence tending to show that he, by word or deed, gave active encouragement to the perpetrator of the crime or by his conduct made it known to such perpetrator that he was standing by to lend assistance when and if it should become necessary.

State v. Ham, 238 N.C. 94, 97, 76 S.E.2d 346, 348 (1953).

The crime of possession requires that the contraband be in the custody and control of the defendant and subject to his disposition. State v. McDougald, 18 N.C. App. 407, 197 S.E.2d 11, cert. denied, 283 N.C. 756, 198 S.E.2d 726 (1973).

Considering all the evidence in the light most favorable to the State and resolving any inconsistencies in its favor, the evidence against defendant Roy Keeter tends to show: Defendant Roy Keeter was not present at the time the search began but arrived approximately ten minutes thereafter. The pocketbook of defendant Ruth Wilson Keeter was found containing the controlled substances, money, and other articles. When the officers proceeded to count the money found in the pocketbook, Roy Keeter stated that the money was his and wanted to know if he would be able to get it back. Defendant Roy Keeter was not married to defendant Ruth Wilson Keeter at the time of the search on 1 December 1977, although they subsequently married. Detective Harris had seen the defendants together numerous times prior to 1 December 1977.

We hold this evidence was insufficient to warrant submission to the jury and to support a verdict that defendant Roy Keeter was aiding and abetting defendant Ruth Wilson Keeter in the unlawful possession of the controlled substances. There was no evidence that Roy Keeter procured, encouraged or assisted Ruth Wilson Keeter in the unlawful possession of the controlled substances or was present for such purpose to the knowledge of Ruth Keeter. To aid or abet one in the crime of possession, the act or encouragement must be done knowingly with the intent to aid the possessor obtain or retain possession. People v. Doemer, 35 Mich.App. 149, 192 N.W.2d 330, 47 A.L.R. 3d 1236 (1971). He merely stated the money was his. The fact of Roy Keeter's close, friendly relationship with Ruth Keeter, without additional evidence of Roy Keeter aiding and abetting in the perpetration of the crime, is not sufficient to support a conviction. State v. Ham, supra. Mere association is not aiding and abetting. His convictions must be, and are, reversed.

Defendant Ruth Wilson Keeter contends that the trial court erred in failing to poll all of the jurors to determine whether their verdicts would be affected by the dismissal of a juror because the juror stated that her verdict would be influenced by a comment she had heard. The evidence tended to show that during a recess at the trial, a juror heard a comment concerning the case. When court resumed, the juror was questioned by the judge, and she stated that the comment she had heard would influence her decision. The juror was dismissed from the case. Defense counsel moved for a mistrial on the ground that this incident may have influenced the remaining jurors. Upon questioning by the trial judge, the remaining jurors stated they had not heard any comments. We hold the veteran trial judge properly denied defendant's motion for mistrial.

Upon careful review of defendant Ruth Wilson Keeter's remaining assignments of error, we find them to be without merit.

For the foregoing reasons, in the cases of Ruth Wilson Keeter we find no error.

In the cases of Roy Richard Keeter the judgments are reversed.

MORRIS, C. J., and PARKER, J., concur.