Stripling v. Godfrey , 143 Ga. App. 742 ( 1977 )

Smith, Judge.

Stripling brought this action against Godfrey and his employer after a pickup truck, owned by the employer and driven by Godfrey, struck and killed Stripling’s wife. Judgment was entered on a jury verdict exonerating the defendants, and Stripling appeals contending there were numerous harmful errors in evidentiary rulings and the charge to the jury. We find none and affirm.

The accident occurred at night when Mrs. Stripling was struck while standing or walking on the highway in front of her home. The defendant Godfrey testified that he never saw the deceased prior to striking her. Blood alcohol tests showed that the deceased was intoxicated; an intoximeter test showed that Godfrey was intoxicated. This action by the appellant was based upon the alleged negligence of Godfrey and negligent entrustment of the vehicle to him by his employer.

1. The trial court disallowed the appellant to question Godfrey, on cross examination, about his forfeiture of bond on a previous charge of driving under the influence. This line of inquiry was relevant insofar as it may have indicated the defendant employer was negligent in allowing Godfrey to use the truck. However, exclusion of this evidence could not have been harmful since the president of the defendant employer testified that he knew that he had a record of previous charges of driving under the influence, and he knew that Godfrey had had his license suspended for that offense, but he, nevertheless, hired him and allowed him to drive the truck.

2. Testimony concerning the decedent’s habit of drunkenly stepping in front of approaching vehicles on the highway outside her home to flag them down was properly admitted.

First, it was relevant to whether she was contributorily negligent. Generally, evidence of a decedent’s negligence in previous, isolated instances is not admissible as bearing on negligence at the time of death. Pullman Co. v. Schaffner, 126 Ga. 609 (55 SE 933). Likewise, evidence of negligence in doing certain acts is not admissible when the decedent was not doing those acts at the time of death. Ga. Midland & G. R. Co. v. Evans, 87 Ga. 673 (13 SE 580). And evidence of the decedent’s character for negligently performing certain acts is not admissible, even when the decedent was performing those acts at the time of death. Atlanta & W. P. R. Co. v. Smith, 94 Ga. 107 (3) (20 SE 763). However, evidence of a party’s habitual carelessness, recklessness, or negligence in performing particular acts would be admissible where death ensued from such acts. Savannah, F. & W. R. Co. v. Flannagan, 82 Ga. 579 (9 SE 471). This is such a case. The evidence showed that the decedent repeatedly, while apparently drunk, jumped in front of passing vehicles, and had, the night before her death, nearly been struck when she jumped in the path of an oncoming tractor-trailer rig. Evidence showed the decedent was intoxicated at the time of her death, and that the point of impact was near the centerline of the highway, so the evidence of her hazardous habit was relevant to a factual consideration of whether negligence on her part contributed to her death.

Second, in this wrongful death action the evidence of the deceased’s habits was relevant to consideration by the jury of the value of the life. "In arriving at the amount of damages the jury should consider the age of the deceased at the time of his death, his health, his habits, the amount of money he was earning, his expectation of life, the probable loss of employment, voluntary abstinence from work, dullness in business, reduction of wages, increasing infirmities of age, with a corresponding diminution of earning capacity, and other causes which may contribute to illustration of the gross earnings of a lifetime.” Pollard v. Boatwright, 57 Ga. App. 565, 568 (196 SE 215). The evidence here was relevant, at the least, to a determination of life expectancy.

3. The result of a blood test showing the decedent was intoxicated was properly admitted. Evidence authorized the trial judge to conclude that the blood sample was gathered by the coroner at the direction of the medical examiner, as authorized by Ga. L. 1974, p. 561 (Code Ann. § 21-227), and a sufficient chain of custody from the coroner to the state crime laboratory was established. See Campbell v. State, 136 Ga. App. 338 (3) (221 SE2d 212).

Argued May 23, 1977 Decided October 14, 1977 Rehearing denied November 7, 1977 Jack W. Carter, J. Laddie Boatright, for appellant. Long, Denton & Spencer, A. D. Denton, Young, Young, Ellerbee & Clyatt, F. Thomas Young, for appellees.

4. One defense attorney asked a witness whether he knew the grand jury "threw out” a manslaughter charge against Godfrey, and the trial court immediately cautioned the jury to disregard entirely what any other individual or group of individuals had concluded about Godfrey’s involvement in the accident. The precautionary instruction was sufficient and it was not error to refuse the appellant’s motion for a mistrial.

5. It was revealed to the court that a spectator at the trial had conversed with a sequestered witness. After the court had determined that the conversation dealt only with the character of the deceased, the court allowed the witness to testify to any factual information he may have but not to any conclusion or opinion he may have as to the deceased’s character. The trial judge has broad discretion in matters of testimony of sequestered witnesses, and the discretion here was clearly not abused and, thus, will not be controlled on appeal. Pearley v. State, 235 Ga. 276 (219 SE2d 404).

6. The remaining enumerations of error concerned the charge, which we find to be a correct statement of the laws appropriately adjusted to the evidence in the case.

Judgment affirmed.

Bell, C. J., concurs. McMurray, J., concurs specially.