State v. Fedder , 76 Idaho 535 ( 1955 )

PORTER, Justice.

Appellant'was charged with burglarizing the Tetonia Club in the Village of Tetonia. He was tried and convicted of burglary in the first degree. His motion for new trial was denied. He has appealed to this court from 'the judgment of conviction and from the order denying his motion for new. trial.

.-Mr. and Mrs. William G. B.erry live in the Village of Tetonia, a short distance from the Tetonia Club. At about 4:30 a. m-on Monday morning, December 29, 1952, Mrs. Berry saw a station wagon park across, the street from the Tetonia Club. The car was being driven without lights. Two mem got out of the car and entered the Tetonia. Club. Mrs. Berry called her husband and they watched the two men carry several slot machines out of the club and place them, in the station wagon. The station wagon: was then driven away toward Driggs and went some distance before its lights were-turned on. Mr. Berry called the Sheriff of Teton County at Driggs and informed him of what had taken place. Mr. Berry also called other law enforcement officers.

The Sheriff of Teton County and the Marshal of Driggs set up a road block on the outskirts of Driggs. The station wagon was driven through the road block without stopping. The Marshal fired a shot into, the tire on the front wheel of the station wagon. The station wagon careened down the road for some distance and went into the borrow-pit. When the Sheriff and’the-Marshal approached the car one of its. occupants had disappeared and appellant was pinned in the front seat. He was. arrested and lodged in jail. The Sheriff took possession of the slot machines.

The Tetonia Club and the slot machines-belonged to a Mr. Joe Williams.

At his trial, appellant was the sole witness for the defense. He testified in gen-eral that he left Boise on the morning of December 27, 1952, with his partner, Floyd Johnson, with the purpose of purchasing slot machines in eastern Idaho. That they proceeded to Idaho Falls where appellant left Johnson. That appellant borrowed an •automobile from a friend and drove to Rig-by, Rexburg and other towns, seeking slot •machines. That in the evening he entered the Tetonia Club in the Village of Tetonia. That he purchased a number of slot machines from the bartender in the club, who was a young man of 21 or 22 years of age. That he loaded one of such slot machines in his car and arranged with the bartender to get the other slot machines Sunday evening, and thereupon returned to Idaho .Falls.

That on Sunday he took the one slot ■machine to Burley, a distance of 130 miles to have some work done on the machine; that he missed his man in Burley and returned to Idaho Falls. That he then went to Tetonia and to the Tetonia Club about 11:00 or 12:00 o’clock p. m. That the bartender was entertaining friends in the -club and told appellant to return for the •slot machines around 2:30 a. m. That appellant then drove back to Idaho Falls, a distance of some 80 miles, and picked up his partner, Floyd Johnson. That it was ■snowing, the wind was blowing and the roads were icy and slick. That appellant :and Johnson returned to the Tetonia Club •about 4:30 in the morning and loaded up the slot machines. That the barkeeper was not there but had left the front door unlocked so that appellant could enter the club. That appellant and Johnson started for Driggs to stay all night but their car was stopped at the outskirts of Driggs by the Sheriff of Teton County and the Marshal of Driggs and appellant placed under arrest.

Appellant has made twenty-three assignments of error. For convenience, we will consider and dispose of same in the order they are discussed in appellant’s brief. Appellant’s Assignment of Error No. I challenges the sufficiency of the evidence. Assignment of Error No. X, directed at the court’s refusal to grant a new trial, and Assignment of Error No. XXIII, urging the court erred in refusing to grant defendant’s motion in arrest of judgment, both raise the question of the sufficiency of the evidence. An examination of the evidence discloses that it is amply sufficient to sustain the judgment of conviction although the evidence of the state is contradicted in part by the testimony of appellant. There being sufficient evidence to sustain the verdict, a mere conflict of evidence is .of no avail on appeal. State v. Kleier, 69 Idaho 278, 206 P.2d 513; State v. Eikelberger, 71 Idaho 282, 230 P.2d 696; State v. Hewitt, 73 Idaho 452, 254 P.2d 677.

The only real conflict in the evidence was on the question of the intent with which appellant entered the Tetonia Club. Such question was solely for the jury’s: detérmihatión from a consideration of all the fácts and circumstances shown by the- evidence. State v. Bull, 47 Idaho 336, 276 P. 528; State v. Dwyer, 33 Idaho 224, 191 P. 203; State v. Hewitt, supra.

By Assignments of Error No. II and Nó. VII, it is urged the court erred in its refusal to sustain objections of defendant to the state’s offer of evidence tending to connect defendant with the alleged offense prior to any proof of the corpus delicti. The trial court’s permission to the state to offer proof of appellant’s actions prior to proof by the owner of the property that the entry into the building was unauthorized and that the slot machines had been stolen was a matter within the discretion of the trial court. No abuse of such discretion is shown. State v. Vanek, 59 Idaho 514, 84 P.2d 567; State v. Hewitt, supra.

Assignment No. Ill asserts the court erred in denying defendant’s motion for mistrial. The Sheriff of Teton County, as á witness, identified a small wrecking bar, which he had taken out of the tool kit that wás in the station wagon, as the tool which made certain marks on the door of the Tetonia Club. Later, the Sheriff was recalled and testified that he was in error in stating that the bar, Exhibit “G”, was the one used to force entry into the Tetonia Club; -although it was among the articles in the box of tools taken fyom the station wagon. Appellant then moved for a mistrial on the ground of the highly prejudicial nature of State’s Exhibit “G”. - Counsel for the state then stated: “I think-not, if your Honor please. Actually, the witness stated yesterday that it was taken from the car,—a box of tools, and in going out to get the proposed Exhibit ‘G’ apparently one of the instruments was taken from a large box of tools,—I mean they brought in one tool, and the witness now contends that the wrong tool was introduced. It is just another tool in the same group that was taken from the car.” Appellant then moved for a mistrial on the further ground that the matters stated by counsel for the state were not in evidence.

The court denied both motions -for mistrial and instructed the jury “that the statements of counsel in their argument is not evidence. The evidence comes to you from the witness stand.” On motion of appellant, Exhibit “G”- and all reference thereto was stricken from the record, and the jury instructed to disregard the same entirely in their consideration of the case. Thereafter, the wrecking bar, Exhibit “H”, was identified and admitted. We find no error in the action of the trial court; or of the prosecuting attorney. See generally, State v. Spencer, 74 Idaho 173, 258 P.2d 1147.

By Assignment of Error No. V, appellant complains of the court’s action in allowing the state to endorse names upon the information and refusing -defendant’s motion for continuance after having allowed such endorsement; and -by Assignment of Error No. VI, urges that .the-court erred in permitting the witness, Joe Williams, to testify when his name was not-endorsed to the information. On August 31, 1953, the state filed a motion for leave to endorse upon the information the names of Joe Williams and Ralph Heileson as witnesses for the state. Notice of this motion was served on August 27 and appellant, on August 28, moved for a continuance of the trial of such cause which had been set for trial on August 31. The court granted the motion to endorse the names of the witnesses on the information and set the cause for trial on September 3. Thereafter, trial of defendant was held beginning October 20, 1953. Names are endorsed on the information in order to give the defendant an opportunity before the trial to interview such witnesses and to prepare to meet their testimony. State v. Stewart, 46 Idaho 646, 270 P. 140; State v. Mundell, 66 Idaho 297, 158 P.2d 818; Section 19-1302, I.C. Appellant had ample time, more than 50 days, to prepare to meet the testimony of the additional witnesses.

The name of the witness, Joe Williams, was not actually endorsed upon the information after the court granted leave for such endorsement. Appellant suffered no prejudice because such witness was permitted to testify without the ministerial act of endorsement on the information having been performed.

At the time fixed for trial on September 3, appellant was not present, but a motion was filed by his attorneys for a continuance on the ground that appellant was unable to be present for trial as he was in the State of California suffering from injuries received in an automobile accident. By Assignment of Error No. IX, appellant urges that the court erred in refusing to grant such continuance. Appellant was present and participated in the trial beginning October 20. It does not appear that the court’s refusal to grant a continuance prevented appellant from procuring any witnesses or other evidence, or that he was prejudiced in any way in the presentation of his cause by a denial of the continuance.

The trial court forfeited appellant’s bond for his failure to appear for trial on September 3, as provided by Section 19-2927, I.C. Thereafter, appellant moved to have the court’s order forfeiting the bail bond be set aside and discharged. The court ordered the forfeiture set aside upon condition that the appellant pay into court the sum of $480 to pay the costs of' the jury called at the time appellant di'd not appear for trial. Assignment of Error No. VIII challenges the court’s order.

..The forfeiture proceedings were, had under Sections 19-2927 and 19-2928, I.C. Section 19-2927, I.C., reads as follows:

“If, without sufficient excuse/ the defendant neglects to appear for - arraignment or for trial or judgment, or upon any other occasion when his ■ presence in court may be lawfully;re- • quired, or 'to surrender' himself in ' execution of the judgment,, the court must dife'ct the fact to be entered upon its minutes and the undertaking of bail, or the money deposited instead o'f bail, as the- case may be, is thereupon de--clare'd forfeited. But if at any time -within twenty days after such entry in the minutes, the defendant or his bail ' appear and satisfactorily excuse his ' neglect, the court may direct the for- . feitur'e of the undertaking or the deposit to be discharged upon such terms . as.may be just'.”

Section T9-2928, I.G., is as follows:

“If the forfeiture is not discharged, as' provided in. the last -section, the prosecuting attorney may, at any time after twenty days' from the entry upon the minutes, as provided in the last section, .proceed by- action in the name of the county, against the bail upon their' undertaking.”

The acts of the trial court in forfeiting the undertaking and in refusing, upon application, to discharge such forfeiture except upon terms, resulted in a final ■order or judgment from which án appeal would'lie. State v. Johnson, 69 Wash. 612, 126 P. 56; State v. Jakshitz, 76 Wash. 253, 136 P. 132; State v. Olson, 127 Wash. 300, 220 P. 776; State v. Jimas, 166 Wash. 356, 7 P.2d 15, 84 A.L.R. 416; State v. Montague, 138 Kan. 696, 27 P.2d.222; Mahaney v. State, 106 Okl. 152, 233 P. 725; Section 13-201; I.C. -- Such- proceedings have no hearing upon the judgment of conviction and are not properly before us on an appeal from such judgment. There is no appeal from the order of the trial court in the forfeiture proceedings before us.

Appellant cites the following authorities to support his contention that the court erred in refusing to set aside -the forfeiture except upon the terms imposed by the court: State v. Hines, 37 Okl. 198, 131 P. 688; Reed v. State, 76 Okl. 298, 185 P. 326; Baker v. State, 21 Tex.App. 359, 17 S.W. 256; State v. Sandy, 138 Iowa 580, 116 N.W. 599; State v. Schexneider, 45 La. Ann. 1445, 14 So. 250. An examination of these cases shows that they were before the appellate courts on appeals from the orders of trial courts made in proceedings to have the forfeiture of the bond set aside, or on appeals from judgments in suits to collect on the undertakings. In none of such cases was the matter before the appellate court upon an appeal from a judgment of conviction. See also, Annotation 84 A.L.R. 420.

By Assignment of Error No. XI, appellant complains of the court’s Instruction No. 2. Instruction No. 2 sets out the statutory definitions of grand and petit larceny. The court is not required to elaborate thereon. State v. Brooks, 49 Idaho 404, 288 P. 894; State v. Rutten, 73 Idaho 25, 245 P.2d 778.

By Assignment of Error No. XII, appellant challenges Instruction No. 3. Instruction No.’ 3 is concerned with the question of possession of alleged -recently stolen. property. Without setting out the instruction in full, it is sufficient to say that such instruction is more favorable to appellant than is required under our decisions. State v. Vanek, supra; State v. Gilbert, 65 Idaho 210, 142 P.2d 584; State v. Hewitt, supra.

Assignments of Error Nos. XIII and XIV set out that the court erred in refusing to give Defendant’s Requested Instructions Nos. 1 and 2, on the ground that appellant was entitled to have the jury instructed on his theory of the case. The two instructions are based on the theory that appellant entered the Tetonia Club with the consent of the person in charge and without an intent to commit larceny therein. The jury were instructed in the court’s Instruction No. 1 as to the definition of burglary as defined in Section 18-1401, I.C., wherein it is said that the entry must be made with intent to commit grand or petit larceny or any felony, in order to constitute burglary. The court further instructed the jury in such Instruction No. 1 as follows:

“The essential elements of the crime of burglary of the first degree, under the statutes above quoted, and under the information in this case, may be subdivided as follows:

“1. That the said defendant, Donald Lee Fedder did enter a certain building, to-wit: The Tetonia Club, located at Tetonia in Teton County, Idaho, with the intent then and there ter commit the crime of larceny therein.

“2. ■ That said entering, if- you- find. there was an entering, was by said defendant done wilfully, unlawfully, intentionally, knowingly, feloniously, and burglariously;”

It thus appears the. court instructed the jury that the entry must have been made feloniously and burglariously and with the intent to .commit larceny therein. These instructions were sufficient to fairly present to the jury the question of the intent with which the entry into the building was made State v. Rutten, supra; State v. Hewitt supra.

The remaining assignments of error cover the refusal of the court to give additional instructions requested by appellant. We will not discuss these requested instruction's in detail. They consist largely of amplifications on the statutory definitions, and repetitions on the question of intent. The trial judge having fairly, fully and substantially instructed the jury, it was-not error for him to refuse to give the amplifying and repetitious instructions requested’ by appellant. State v. Rutten, supra; Goetz v. Burgess, 72 Idaho 186, 238 P.2d 444.

No reversible error appearing in the record, we affirm the judgment of conviction.

TAYLOR, C. J., and ANDERSON and SMITH, JJ., concur.