Rodriguez v. Court of Appeals, Eighth Supreme Judicial District , 1989 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 65 ( 1989 )

OPINION

MILLER, Judge.

Relator seeks to invoke this Court’s original jurisdiction to issue writs of mandamus pursuant to Article 5, § 5 of the Texas Constitution.

Relator was convicted by a jury of felony theft on January 14, 1987, and the jury assessed punishment at five years probation and a $5,000 fine. Thereafter, on February 13,1987, relator timely filed a motion for new trial alleging newly discovered evidence. This motion was overruled by operation of law on March 27, 1987. Relator timely filed notice of appeal on April 13, 1987, and perfected his appeal. Relator failed, however, to file the transcript and statement of facts in the Court of Appeals on or before April 24, 1987, one hundred days after sentencing, as required by Rule 54(b) of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure.

The Rules of Appellate Procedure provide that “an extension of time may be granted by the Court of Appeals if a motion reasonably explaining the need therefor is filed by the appellant not later than fifteen days after the last date for filing the record”. Tex.R.App.Pro. 54(c). Thus, counsel for relator had until May 9, 1987, to request an extension of time for filing the statement of facts.

The record reveals, however, that a letter dated May 7, 1987, was written to relator’s attorney, Rod Ponton, over the signature of a deputy clerk of the respondent Court. That letter informed counsel that the record had been due on April 24, 1987, but that an extension of time was possible if requested timely and appropriately drafted. The letter concluded:

The record has not been received by this Court and no motion to extend the time for filing the same has been filed. The Court mil dismiss the attempted appeal on its own motion ten days after the fifteen-day period above provided expires on May 9, 1987, unless the record or a timely motion to extend time for filing the same is received, (emphasis added).

Apparently interpreting the letter to authorize the late filing of a motion for extension,¹ relator’s counsel filed a Motion to Extend Time to File Statement of Facts on May 19, 1987. This day was, however, the last day the Court of Appeals apparently intended to authorize counsel to file the record if no motion for extension had been filed by May 19, 1987. The next day, May 20, 1987, respondent entered a “Judgment” which ordered relator’s “attempted appeal” dismissed from the Court of Appeals' docket because neither the record nor a motion for extension of time had been timely filed with the Court. Relator then filed a motion for rehearing of the judgment of the Court of Appeals dismissing his appeal. This motion was denied by the Court of Appeals on June 17, 1987. Relator did not seek discretionary review by this Court of the Court of Appeals’ decision.

Ponton then filed an “Original Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus” on relator’s behalf in the 120th Judicial District Court of El Paso County on August 21, 1987, praying that his appeal be abated to April 13, 1987, the date relator filed notice of appeal. In this application, relator alleged he was illegally restrained by virtue of his conviction, and he invoked certain rules of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure against the Court of Appeals’ actions and omissions. Relator further asserted:

Applicant is entitled to one appeal as of right, as mandated by the Supreme Court of the United States. Douglas v. California, 372 U.S. 353 [83 S.Ct. 814, 9 L.Ed.2d 811] (1963). Further, the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution mandate that Applicant receive effective assistance of counsel on his first appeal as of right, and that, should an appeal be dismissed for failure to comply with a State Appellate Rule, such appeal must be remanded to the State Court of Appeals for a full and fair hearing of the merits of the appeal. Evitts v. Lucy [Lucey] 469 U.S. 387 [105 S.Ct. 830, 83 L.Ed.2d 821] (1986).

On September 10, 1987, the district court convened a hearing on the matter at which the State appeared through counsel and evidence was taken. In support of his application, relator filed a post-hearing brief citing this Court’s opinion in Ex parte Renier, 734 S.W.2d 349 (Tex.Cr.App.1987), and stated he was seeking an out-of-time appeal “so that he may have the appeal to which he is entitled as of right.” Thus, relator based his prayer for an out-of-time appeal on the theory that the dismissal of his initial appeal was the result of ineffective assistance of counsel.

The district judge repeatedly expressed his belief that he could not effectively order the respondent Court of Appeals to do anything. Nevertheless, the district court, apparently taken with the equity of the situation as to relator and pursuant to Article 5, § 8 of the Texas Constitution, granted relator the relief prayed for in the application, to wit: an out-of-time appeal.² Relator then filed in the Court of Appeals a new notice of appeal, a new motion for extension of time to file the transcript, and a designation of the statement of facts. In response, the State filed a “Motion To Dismiss Attempted Appeal”. Not surprisingly, the respondent Court of Appeals refused to proceed with an appeal for relator. The Court of Appeals held that the district court did not have jurisdiction to grant an out-of-time appeal or to grant the filing of the motion to extend time to file the transcript. The Court of Appeals stated the district court did not have jurisdiction because the writ of habeas corpus was returnable to this Court pursuant to Art. 11.07, V.A.C.C.P., and Rule 213, Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure. The Court of Appeals therefore instructed the clerk of the court not to file the motion for extension of time and refused to file the statement of facts.

Relator then filed this petition for what he denominates a Writ of Mandamus directly in this Court. Relator requests this Court to compel the Court of Appeals to comply with the district court's order granting him an out-of-time appeal. In this petition, relator contends that he has no other remedy at law and that the grant of habeas corpus relief by the district court was proper under Art. 5, § 8, of the Texas Constitution and our recent decision in Re-nier, supra. We note that the conflict appears to be between the respondent Court of Appeals and relator’s counsel, the result being that relator’s constitutional right to appeal has been lost in the shuffle.

In Renter, supra, we held that Art. 11.07, supra, applies only where a defendant is “confined” pursuant to a final felony conviction. Id. at 351. The applicant in Renter, supra, was convicted of felony theft and placed on probation. Where a habeas corpus petitioner has been granted probation and it has not been revoked, the defendant is not confined and the conviction is not final for purposes of Art. 11.07, supra. Renter, supra; Ex parte Twyman, 716 S.W.2d 951 (Tex.Cr.App.1986); Ex parte Payne, 618 S.W.2d 380 (Tex.Cr.App.1981). Thus, applicant in this cause, having been placed on probation which has not been revoked, cannot seek habeas corpus relief from this Court under Art. 11.07, supra.

The Renter applicant was not without recourse, however. Applying the rationale of Ex parte Crosley, 548 S.W.2d 409 (Tex.Cr.App.1977), we further held that Article 5, § 8 of the Texas Constitution, and Art. 11.05 and 11.09, V.A.C.C.P., “combine to provide a procedure for seeking, and jurisdiction, power and authority in district courts under Article 5, § 8, to grant, relief and, failing there, for appeal to a court of appeals, subject to discretionary review by this Court.” Renter, supra, at 353. The applicant could therefore invoke the original jurisdiction of the district court via habeas corpus application. See Id. Thus, the Court of Appeals erred in stating that “any post-conviction habeas corpus had to be returnable to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals” and in holding the district court had no jurisdiction to grant an out-of-time appeal. Rodriguez v. State, 743 S.W. 2d 683 (Tex.App.—El Paso 1987), no pet.

The Eighth Court of Appeals contends that Renter, supra, does not apply to relator’s cause in that Renter, supra, dealt with the relationship between habeas corpus jurisdiction under Art. 11.07, supra, and other general habeas corpus jurisdiction. The Court of Appeals perceives the issue in this case as a conflict between appellate relief and habeas corpus relief and argues that relator cannot relitigate the adverse procedural ruling of the Court of Appeals through a writ of habeas corpus. The gist of the Court of Appeals’ argument is that relator should have sought discretionary review from this Court prior to filing the writ of habeas corpus with the district court, and having failed to do that, relator is barred from using the writ as a substitute for an appeal. Although it is true that habeas corpus should not be used as a substitute for an appeal, Ex parte Clore, 690 S.W.2d 899 (Tex.Cr.App.1985) reh’g denied, if we sustained the position taken by the Court of Appeals we would effectively abolish the district court’s habeas corpus jurisdiction under Art. 5, § 8 of the Texas Constitution.

In State ex rel. Rodriguez v. Onion, 741 S.W.2d 433 (Tex.Cr.App.1987), Presiding Judge McCormick, writing for the majority, stated that Art. V, § 8 of the Texas Constitution and Art. 11.05, V.A.C.C.P., conferred general jurisdiction in the district courts to issue writs of habeas corpus, even in cases where the district court had no other jurisdiction over the matter in controversy. That case involved the hearing of a writ of habeas corpus in the district court on a county court conviction where the county court also had jurisdiction per Art. 11.09, V.A.C.C.P. This Court said such jurisdiction was merely concurrent and in no way limited the district court’s jurisdiction conferred per Art. 11.05, supra. As we stated in Rodriguez v. Onion, supra:

We find this provision [Art. 11.05, supra] to be dispositive on the issue of jurisdiction.

Id. at 434. Further, in discussing Art. V, § 8 of the Texas Constitution, and specifically addressing whether district courts had habeas corpus jurisdiction in all cases except where “exclusive, appellate or original jurisdiction may be conferred by this Constitution or other law on some other court, tribunal or administrative body [and] District Court judges shall have the power to issue writs necessary to enforce their jurisdiction”, we said:

There is no grant of jurisdiction to the county courts which precluded a District Court from exercising its plenary power over issuance of writs of habeas corpus in misdemeanor actions”

Thus, we believe the dissent errs in saying "... neither the statutes contained in Chapter 11 of our Code of Criminal Procedure, nor Article V, Section 8 of the Texas Constitution, which defines jurisdictional limitations of the district courts, provide for a hearing or an order as was entered by the trial court in this instance.” (emphasis supplied). It is simply illogical to read the wording in Article V, § 8 as jurisdictionally restrictive in a district court habeas corpus case involving the granting of an out of time appeal after having just read it juris-dictionally expansive in a district court ha-beas corpus case involving relief under a misdemeanor conviction. We are dealing with the same writ of habeas corpus in both instances, although the present case gives the appearance of dealing with a different hierarchy. It is the appearance that here we have a district court interfering with an appellate court’s jurisdiction instead of that of a county court that forms the basis of the dissent’s complaint, so to that we now turn.

In discussing the idea that our ruling today “tum[s] a segment of our criminal justice system on its head” by allowing a “lower” district court to grant an out of time appeal after a “higher” court of appeals affirms an appellant’s conviction, one must keep in mind that this is not a case where the district court is attempting to encroach into a matter pending before the Court of Appeals, such as would be prohibited by the constitutional language denying the district court habeas jurisdiction where “exclusive, appellate or original jurisdiction may be conferred ... on some other court”. This is a case where the appellate court has concluded with relator’s appeal and thus has relinquished its traditional jurisdiction over the relator’s appeal. Thus, the district court is exercising its plenary power over the relator and the State of Texas as represented by the district attorney, not over the Court of Appeals.

Article 11.01, V.A.C.C.P., defines writ of habeas corpus as “the remedy to be used when any person is restrained in his liberty.” (emphasis added). Article 11.22, V.A. C.C.P., defines restraint as “the kind of control which one person exercises over another, not to confine him within certain limits, but to subject him to the general authority and power of the person claiming such right.” Although a post “final” conviction writ of habeas corpus pursuant to Art. 11.07, supra, mandates that the applicant be “in custody” before the writ is entertainable by this Court, see Renier, supra, the writs of habeas corpus under Art. 5, § 8 of the Texas Constitution and under Art. 11.05, V.A.C.C.P., and Art. 11.-07, § 1, V.A.C.C.P., are not so limited. See discussion of Renier, supra. A writ of habeas corpus filed in the district court pursuant to its original jurisdiction demands only that the applicant be restrained under the definition of Art. 11.22, supra. In this case, relator’s probation began when the Court of Appeals dismissed his original appeal. Relator was therefore under restraint when he filed his writ of habeas corpus with the district court.

We hold that the district court had jurisdiction to entertain the writ of habeas corpus, and applicant in this cause properly invoked that jurisdiction by filing his writ with the district court. Thus, the district court had jurisdiction of the habeas application. Since the district court had this jurisdiction, it had the authority to grant an out-of-time appeal³ or other relief, such as appointment of counsel or compilation of the record on appeal. See Phillips, supra; Ex parte Young, 418 S.W.2d 824 (Tex.Cr.App.1967). As stated in Young, supra:

In this way the applicant may, in some instances, be afforded all of the relief which the Court of Criminal Appeals or the Federal Court would afford him under the facts.

We will grant relator the requested relief if he meets the requirements for obtaining issuance of a writ of mandamus. There are two requirements for obtaining a writ of mandamus: (1) the relator has no other adequate remedy at law; and (2) the act to be compelled is ministerial. Homan v. Hughes, 708 S.W.2d 449 (Tex.Cr.App.1986). Relator contends, and we agree, that he has no other adequate remedy by which to pursue his appeal and that the act to be compelled is ministerial. As to the first requirement, relator cannot file a petition for discretionary review in this Court for review of the Court of Appeals’ dismissal of his original appeal as the time for filing the petition has passed. Rule 202, Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure. As discussed earlier, relator may not invoke Art. 11.07, supra, for relief. If we do not compel the Court of Appeals to follow the district court’s order granting relator an out-of-time appeal, relator will have to wait until his probation is revoked, assuming it ever is revoked, thereby making his conviction final, and then invoke the jurisdiction of this Court pursuant to Art. 11.07, supra, to seek an out-of-time appeal.⁴ We do not believe such a remedy is an adequate remedy of law. As we stated in Smith v. Flack, 728 S.W.2d 784 (Tex.Cr.App.1987),

“In some cases, a remedy at law may technically exist; however, it may nevertheless be so uncertain, tedious, burdensome, slow, inconvenient, inappropriate or ineffective as to be deemed inadequate. See, e.g., Houston & T.C. Ry. Co. v. City of Dallas, 98 Tex. 396, 84 S.W. 648, 656 (1905) (“there is not a plain, adequate, certain, and speedy remedy”); City of Highland Park v. Dallas Ry. Co., 243 S.W. 674, 681 (Tex.Civ.App.—Dallas 1922, writ ref’d) (remedy must be “equally convenient, beneficial, and effective as the proceeding by mandamus”) ... Considering all of the above factors, we find that the remedies at law herein enumerated could not provide re-lators the same swift, exact and sure relief that is available through mandamus; nor could they provide remedies that are equally as convenient, beneficial and effective as mandamus.”

Finally, the act to be compelled, the filing and docketing of relator’s appeal by the Court of Appeals, is a ministerial one. We therefore hold that issuance of the writ of mandamus is proper in this cause.

Having concluded that the trial court had the jurisdiction to grant the relator an out of time appeal, we will conditionally grant the application for a writ of mandamus. Accordingly, the relator’s case is remanded to the Court of Appeals for proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.

It is so ordered.

DUNCAN, J., dissents.

1 . There is no provision in the Rules of Appellate Procedure for extending the time to file a motion for extension of time to file the record.

2 . The district court did not indicate in its order granting the out-of-time appeal the basis for its decision to grant the appeal. Whether applicant was denied the effective assistance of counsel on original appeal is not an issue before us, and we therefore do not address it.

3 . There is ample authority to support the granting, via writ of habeas corpus, of an out-of-time appeal by the trial court. See Reed v. State, 481 S.W.2d 814 (Tex.Cr.App.1972); Bradley v. State, 456 S.W.2d 923 (Tex.Cr.App.1970); Parris v. State, 453 S.W.2d 505 (Tex.Cr.App.1970); Costanuela v. State, 435 S.W.2d 145 (Tex.Cr.App.1968); Phillips v. State, 429 S.W.2d 897 (Tex.Cr.App.1968). We realize that each of these cases involved habeas corpus relief pursuant to Art. 11.07, supra, but we do not find that that makes the granting of an out-of-time appeal in this cause any less appropriate. The appellant in each of those cases had a final conviction, so that relief under Art. 11.07, supra, was the appropriate remedy; the appropriate remedy for relator in this cause, since he is on probation, is habeas corpus relief under Article 5, § 8 of the Texas Constitution.

4 . This Court regularly grants out-of-time appeals to habeas corpus applicants who have been denied a meaningful appeal. See e.g. Crawford v. State, 741 S.W.2d 452 (Tex.Cr.App.1987). Relator in this cause has certainly been denied a meaningful appeal since he has been denied any appeal whatsoever.