Nickola v. United Commercial Travellers of America ( 1964 )

O’Hara, J.

Tried to the court without a jury was the issue of plaintiff’s entitlement to the death benefits under 4 accident insurance policies with a total face value of $16,500.

Our scope of review is limited: (1) Was there ■competent evidence to sustain the trial judge’s finding of fact? (2) Was such finding of fact against the great weight of the evidence? (3) Was any error •of law committed?

Plaintiff’s insured as above indicated, on March '6,1959, while pushing his car slipped and fell. This happened about 8:30 a.m. His wife witnessed the fall. Being apprehensive of the result, she went to his office about 9 a.m. the same morning and found him lying on a couch in apparent pain and distress. He refused, at that time, medical attention. At about 3 p.m. she returned to the office to find him hemorrhaging. She prevailed upon him to go to the doctor’s office. Upon his return he was stilling bleeding internally and urinating blood. Subsequent medical examination revealed a tumor on the bladder. He was hospitalized to control the bleeding. March 8th, his condition was diagnosed as carcinoma of the bladder. On March 9th, the first of a 2-stage operation was performed. The second stage could not be completed because of uncontrollable bleeding. This required a change in operational procedure and the whole tumor, or most of it, was then removed.

The insured survived the operative procedures and his condition was post operatively satisfactory. On March 16th, he died. The immediate cause was given as a coronary occlusion resulting from a pulmonary embolism.

The trial court made the following findings of fact:

“Prom the evidence, this court finds that the insured experienced an accident while attempting to push his stalled automobile and that the accident brought about a gross hematuria of a pre-existing, undiscovered cancerous condition of the bladder, which in turn, was followed by complications and developments (coronary thrombosis, etcetera) which led to his death.”

The policy language with which we are concerned is :

“The benefit for death due to accidental means alone and independent of all other causes shall be $5,000.”

The query is, does the testimony support the trial judge’s finding that insured’s death, within the meaning of the above quoted accidental death benefit, was caused by his slipping and falling on March 6th, independent of all other causes?

Only 1 doctor testified, Dr. Gerald Murphy, an osteopathic surgeon specializing in urology. We have read with particular care all of his quoted testimony. The controlling excerpt therefrom is:

“Q. All right. Assuming, doctor, that on the morning of the 6th of March, Mr. Nickola was pushing a car; that it was a very slippery morning; that he slipped and fell; that he pulled himself out from being partially under the car; hailed a passing automobile, walked toward the passing automobile, bent over, with his face pale, that he half crawled into the car; that he was driven to the office, a short distance away; that he got out of the car in the same manner that he got in, that is, he half crawled out of the car, went into the office, lay down most of the morning; was brought home by automobile, for lunch, refused to eat in the normal manner; was returned by car to the office-, lay-down again and in the afternoon passed into the stool blood and blood clots which he-called his daughter to see; that he was taken to your office around 5 p.m. or shortly thereafter and you made the examination and .the treatment which you. made, and later made surgery as you have described; and that he died on the 16th of March — do you have .an opinion as to the connection if any that the accident that he had in the morning following the pushing of the car — do you have an opinion as to any ■connection between his accident and his death? * * *

“A. Yes.

“The Court: The question is: Do you have an ■opinion?

“A. Yes.

“Q. Yes. Well, what is that opinion? * * *

“A. Well, it is my opinion that the growth, that is, the size together with the bleeding from the base .area that we eventually found would have to be ¡stimulated by some sudden violent motion.”

Able and persistent counsel for appellant attacked ■the doctor’s conclusion in cross-examination. They ■elicited concessions, and at times the testimony seems to be a degree self-contradictory. Particularly, appellant concentrated upon the ■ death certificate^* which specified as the cause of death “Carcinoma of the urinary bladder, antecedent causes due to coronary occlusion. Other significant conditions, previous heart attacks.” The thrust of the examination was that the certificate mentioned neither the “fall,” i.e., accident, nor the hematuria (blood in the urine) as being related to insured’s death. Appellant urges strongly that we differentiate between the “gross hematuria” which apparently followed the fall and was brought under control, and the “excessive bleeding” resulting from the necessity of an abdominal incision to reach the tumor part way through the ■operation.

It is quite apparent from a reading of the record that just as persuasive an inference of nonaccident related death could be made as the one reached by ■the trier of the facts. Which of the 2 theories to us is the more convincing is of course not to the point. The point, and only point, is whether there was competent testimony from which the court could draw reasonable inferences to support his factual finding. On this point the following questions and answers are of record:

(Cross-examination)

“Q. So, in other words, this hematuria from the-fall was not a cause of this man’s death according to your statement on one of those death certificates..

“A. The death, as far as I am concerned, is a combination of these unfortunate situations that occurred as a result of the initial bout with hematuria.. * # #

“Q. In other words, the fall may have precipitated the hematuria but the hematuria never killed him?.' # # #

“A. True, sir.

(Redirect examination)

“Q. Now I think just before our recess you said that hematuria didn’t kill him. I think you said something along that line. Did it have a connection with his death?

“A. I think in my opinion that the hematuria set up a succession of events that eventually led to the man’s demise.”

It was apparently the trial court’s conclusion that the coronary thrombosis was one of those “events” which the fall set in motion. We cannot say that such conclusion was beyond reasonable inference from the medical testimony. While such a thrombosis might well have resulted from surgery done at any time and such surgery would have to have taken place once the carcinoma was discovered — such possibility does not vitiate the medical expert’s testimony that the thread of causality ran directly from the fall to the necessity of surgery at the time it was in fact performed. So construed, the “fall” and synonymously the accident was the cause of death “independent of all other causes” in that the then necessitated surgery was the cause of the occlusion.

We have examined with attention the cases cited “by appellant but we do not find in them authority to set aside the trial court’s findings. We cannot say that such finding was against the great weight of the evidence. We think the instant case is within the rule in this State as expressed in the cases cited hy both counsel—Bristol v. Mutual Benefit Health & Accident Association, 305 Mich 145, and Kangas v. New York Life Insurance Co., 223 Mich 238.

The judgment is affirmed, with costs to the appellee.

Kelly, J., concurred with O’Hara, J.

* Two death certificates were referred to in the .appendix, one ■contained a reference to deceased’s fall, the other did not.