Diaz v. Attorney General of State of Tex. , 827 S.W.2d 19 ( 1992 )

OPINION

GILBERTO HINOJOSA, Justice.

Mike M. Perez brings this appeal to challenge the trial court’s allocation of proceeds from a judgment to his obligations under a child support order from a different court. Tony Diaz, Perez’ former attorney, also appeals complaining that the trial court incorrectly failed to allocate proceeds to him based on his contract with Perez. We reform the trial court’s judgment, and as reformed, affirm.

Perez was adjudicated delinquent in child support payments due to his four children in the amount of $16,795.00 in the 36th Judicial District Court in Live Oak County. The judgment required Perez to pay $20.00 per child per week in child support, and $40.00 per week to make up the arrearage.

In a subsequent suit, Perez settled a $30,000.00 workers compensation claim. An Assistant Attorney General appeared at a hearing on the allocation of the proceeds, and asserted a claim for back child support. Diaz also appeared and asserted a claim.

The trial court divided the proceeds between the two attorneys for fees, costs, and repayment of loans, and withheld $13,-395.14 as a security deposit for past due child support obligations.

By three points of error, Perez complains that the court erred in allocating $13,395.14 as a security deposit for his child support obligations. Diaz brings one point of error complaining that the court erred in failing to allocate enough money to cover his claims for attorney’s fees.

In Perez’ first point of error, he argues that there was no proper intervention by the Assistant Attorney General. The Assistant Attorney General appeared at a hearing before judgment was entered. The trial court noted on the docket sheet that the Assistant Attorney General appeared and intervened. He participated in the hearing and adduced evidence. No party objected to his participation. The trial court rendered judgment that $13,395.14 of the proceeds should be posted as a security deposit to secure performance of past due child support payments.

At a later hearing after judgment was rendered, Perez’ attorney argued that the court’s allocation of proceeds was improper because the Attorney General had not properly intervened. The court, after expressing surprise, told the Assistant Attorney General to file a petition in intervention. The Attorney General then filed a document entitled “Petition in Intervention Nun [sic] Pro Tunc.”

Prior to its amendment in 1990 Tex. R.Civ.P. 60 (Vernon 1989) provided:

Any party may intervene, subject to being stricken out by the court for sufficient cause on the motion of the opposite party; ...

In addition, Tex.R.Civ.P. 61 provides:

These rules of pleading shall apply equally, so far as it may be practicable to intervenors and to parties, when more than one, who may plead separately.

Perhaps the most fundamental rule of pleading is Tex.R.Civ.P. 22 which provides:

A civil suit in the district or county court shall be commenced by a petition filed in the office of the clerk.

Rule 22 requires that a pleading must be on file for a suit to be “commenced.” The record shows that there was no pleading on file at the time the Assistant Attorney General appeared and presented evidence. Thus, the Attorney General had not “commenced” a suit, and was not properly before the Court at the hearing where judgment was rendered.¹ Perez did not have written notice of the Attorney General’s claim against him, and therefore did not have an opportunity to prepare a proper response. Under the circumstances present here, we hold that the trial court erred by rendering judgment for the Attorney General.

The Attorney General argues that appellant waived his right to complain of this error because there was no objection. Tex.R.App.P. 52(a). We disagree. Without a pleading on file, the Attorney General had not properly intervened.² This absolute minimum procedural requirement of filing a petition to initiate a lawsuit for affirmative relief is not waivable. We have found no authority for the proposition that “oral lawsuits” of this nature are permissible in Texas. In fact, every reported decision we have reviewed permitting intervention indicates that a written petition in intervention was on file before rendition of judgment. We hold the trial court’s error was not waived by Perez’ failure to object.

The Attorney General also argues that the petition filed “nun [sic] pro tunc” cured the failure to file a petition in intervention before rendition of judgment. This argument is also without merit. Intervention filed after judgment is rendered is barred as a matter of law. Comal County Rural High School Dist. v. Nelson, 158 Tex. 564, 314 S.W.2d 956, 957 (1958); Highlands Ins. Co. v. Lumberman’s Mut. Casualty Co., 794 S.W.2d 600, 602-08 (Tex.App.—Austin 1990, no writ). The Attorney General was required to file a motion to set aside the judgment, and grant a new trial on the issue of allocation of the proceeds. Comal County, 314 S.W.2d at 957. Since the Attorney General failed to timely file a petition in intervention or to follow the procedural requirements of Comal County, we hold it waived whatever rights of intervention it possessed. Perez’s first point of error is sustained. We modify the trial court’s judgment to delete the assignment of funds to the bond for child support. Due to our ruling here it is unnecessary for us to address Perez’ other points of error.

Appellant Diaz brings a point of error challenging the trial court’s division of attorney’s fees between him and Perez’ current attorney. Diaz complains that the contract which he signed with appellant Perez required the court to award him one third of Perez’ recovery. The judgment allocated $1000.00 in fees and $1150.00 in loan repayments and costs to Diaz. Jones was awarded $6500.00 in fees, $1853.00 in costs, and $5101.00 in loan repayments. By awarding a portion of the judgment to Diaz without awarding the entire contractual amount the trial court implicitly awarded a recovery based on quantum me-ruit.

When the client discharges an attorney without good cause before he has completed his work the attorney may recover on the contract. Mandell & Wright v. Thomas, 441 S.W.2d 841, 847 (Tex.1969). When the attorney abandons the contract before completion without good cause the attorney forfeits his right to compensation under the contract. Staples v. McKnight, 763 S.W.2d 914, 916 (Tex.App.—Dallas 1988, writ denied). When both parties assent to the contract’s abandonment, an implied contract arises. Young v. Tian, 150 S.W.2d 317, 320 (Tex.Civ.App.—Galveston 1941, writ dism’d). The measure of recovery for an implied contract is the reasonable value of the services provided. Black Lake Pipe Line Co. v. Union Const. Co., 538 S.W.2d 80, 86 (Tex.1976), overruled on other grounds, Sterner v. Marathon Oil Co., 767 S.W.2d 686, 690 (Tex.1989).

No findings of fact or conclusions of law were filed. If no such findings or conclusions are filed, all necessary findings supported by the evidence sustaining the judgment are implied. Worford v. Stamper, 801 S.W.2d 108, 109 (Tex.1990); Roberson v. Robinson, 768 S.W.2d 280, 281 (Tex.1989). We will affirm if any legal theory supported by the evidence sustains the trial court’s actions. Worford, 801 S.W.2d at 109.

The evidence was conflicting regarding the cause of the contract’s termination. We hold the trial court did not err in holding that both parties assented to the contract’s abandonment. Thus, an award of fees based on the reasonable value of services was proper. Tian, 150 S.W.2d at 320. We overrule Diaz’ first point of error.

In his second point, Diaz complains that the trial court erred in failing to award him attorney’s fees for his efforts to recover the attorney’s fees under the contract. Tex.Civ.PRAc. & Rem.Code Ann. § 38.001(1) and (8) (Vernon 1990). Entitlement to attorneys’ fees for breach of contract under § 38.001(8) occurs only if the claimant alleges and proves presentment of the claim. Mendleski v. Silvertooth, 798 S.W.2d 30, 32 (Tex.App.—Corpus Christi 1990, no writ); Mackey v. Mackey, 721 S.W.2d 575, 579 (Tex.App.—Corpus Christi 1986, no writ); Western Casualty & Sur. Co. v. Preis, 695 S.W.2d 579, 589-91 (Tex.App.—Corpus Christi 1985, writ ref’d n.r.e.); Manges v. Mustang Oil Tool Co., 658 S.W.2d 725, 730 (Tex.App.—Corpus Christi 1983, writ ref’d n.r.e.). Diaz did not prove presentment as a matter of law, or attack the trial court’s implied factual finding of no presentment. Thus his second point is meritless.

We REFORM the trial court’s judgment to eliminate its provision for a bond securing child support payments, and as REFORMED, AFFIRM.

1 . In accord is new rule 60 which explicitly requires the filing of a pleading to intervene. Tex.R.Civ.P. 60.

2 . The statement of facts indicates that the trial court was surprised when informed at a later hearing that no petition had been filed. Thus, the court's error was not intentional.