Mathis v. State , 2014 Ark. 148 ( 2014 )

Cite as 2014 Ark. 148
SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS
No. CR-12-774
DONALD RAY MATHIS Opinion Delivered April 3, 2014
APPELLANT
PRO SE APPEAL FROM THE UNION
V. COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT [NO. 70CR-
09-64]
STATE OF ARKANSAS HONORABLE HAMILTON H.
APPELLEE SINGLETON, JUDGE
AFFIRMED.
PER CURIAM
In 2009, appellant Donald Ray Mathis was found guilty by a jury of simultaneous
possession of drugs and firearms, possession of a controlled substance, marijuana, and
maintaining a drug premises. The drug premises was a motel room that appellant often occupied
with a woman named Gwendolyn Miller. He was sentenced as a habitual offender to 1344
months’ imprisonment. The Arkansas Court of Appeals affirmed. Mathis v. State, 2010 Ark.
App. 655.
Appellant subsequently filed in the trial court a timely, verified pro se petition for
postconviction relief pursuant to Arkansas Rule of Criminal Procedure 37.1 (2009). The petition
was denied, and appellant brings this appeal. Our jurisdiction is pursuant to Rule 37 and
Arkansas Supreme Court Rule 1-2(a)(8) (2013).
This court has held that it will reverse the circuit court’s decision granting or denying
postconviction relief only when that decision is clearly erroneous. Johnson v. State, 2014 Ark. 74;
Pankau v. State, 2013 Ark. 162. A finding is clearly erroneous when, although there is evidence
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to support it, the appellate court, after reviewing the entire evidence, is left with the definite and
firm conviction that a mistake has been committed. Sartin v. State, 2012 Ark. 155, 400 S.W.3d
694.
In his petition under the Rule, appellant alleged that he was denied due process of law
and that he had not been afforded effective assistance of counsel. When considering an appeal
from a trial court’s denial of a Rule 37.1 petition based on ineffective assistance of counsel, the
sole question presented is whether, based on a totality of the evidence under the standard set
forth by the United States Supreme Court in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984), the
trial court clearly erred in holding that counsel’s performance was not ineffective. Craigg v. State,
2014 Ark. 71 (per curiam); Taylor v. State, 2013 Ark. 146, ___ S.W.3d ___.
The benchmark for judging a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel must be “whether
counsel’s conduct so undermined the proper functioning of the adversarial process that the trial
cannot be relied on as having produced a just result.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 686. Pursuant to
Strickland, we assess the effectiveness of counsel under a two-prong standard. First, a petitioner
raising a claim of ineffective assistance must show that counsel made errors so serious that
counsel was not functioning as the “counsel” guaranteed the petitioner by the Sixth Amendment
to the United States Constitution. Williams v. State, 369 Ark. 104, 251 S.W.3d 290 (2007). There
is a strong presumption that trial counsel’s conduct falls within the wide range of professional
assistance, and an appellant has the burden of overcoming this presumption by identifying
specific acts or omissions of trial counsel, which, when viewed from counsel’s perspective at the
time of the trial, could not have been the result of reasonable professional judgment. Henington
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v. State, 2012 Ark. 181, 403 S.W.3d 55; McCraney v. State, 2010 Ark. 96, 360 S.W.3d 144 (per
curiam). Second, the petitioner must show that counsel’s deficient performance so prejudiced
petitioner’s defense that he was deprived of a fair trial. Holloway v. State, 2013 Ark. 140, ___
S.W.3d ___. A petitioner making an ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim must show that his
counsel’s performance fell below an objective standard of reasonableness. Abernathy v. State,
2012 Ark. 59, 386 S.W.3d 477 (per curiam). The petitioner must show that there is a reasonable
probability that, but for counsel’s errors, the fact-finder would have had a reasonable doubt
respecting guilt, i.e., the decision reached would have been different absent the errors. Howard
v. State, 367 Ark. 18, 238 S.W.3d 24 (2006). A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient
to undermine confidence in the outcome of the trial. Id. The language, “the outcome of the
trial,” refers not only to the finding of guilt or innocence, but also to possible prejudice in
sentencing. Id. Unless a petitioner makes both showings, it cannot be said that the conviction
resulted from a breakdown in the adversarial process that renders the result unreliable. Id.
“[T]here is no reason for a court deciding an ineffective assistance claim . . . to address both
components of the inquiry if the defendant makes an insufficient showing on one.” Strickland,
466 U.S. at 697.
Appellant first argues on appeal that trial counsel was ineffective in that counsel did not
investigate the case thoroughly and “existent an independent Ake expert for presentation of
mitigating evidence.” First, assuming that appellant is referring to Ake v.Oklahoma, 470 U.S. 68
(1985), in Ake, the Court held that when an indigent defendant makes a preliminary showing
that his sanity at the time of the offense is likely to be a significant factor at trial, due process
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requires a state to provide access to a psychiatrist’s assistance on the issue. There was no
allegation in the Rule 37.1 petition concerning Ake. As a result, the argument will not be
considered in this appeal. An appellant in a Rule 37.1 proceeding is limited to the scope and
nature of the arguments advanced below, and an appellant cannot raise new arguments on
appeal. Dodson v. State, 2013 Ark. 385 (per curiam); Hogan v. State, 2013 Ark. 223 (per curiam).
In his recitation of examples of counsel’s failure to investigate the case, appellant
contends that counsel should have subpoenaed Wanda Tate and an employee of the motel to
testify. He further asserts that counsel should have been prepared to challenge the testimony
of investigator Josh Newton. The claims concerning Tate, the motel employee, and Newton
were not raised in the Rule 37.1 petition and will not be addressed on appeal. Dodson, 2013 Ark.
382.
As his second point on appeal, appellant argues that his attorney was remiss in not
requesting jury instructions on the lesser-included offense of simple possession of marijuana.
To prevail under Rule 37.1, the petitioner must offer facts to show that counsel’s failure to
request an instruction on a lesser-included offense prejudiced the defense to the extent that
petitioner was deprived of a fair trial. Mitchell v. State, 2012 Ark. 242. When it is asserted that
counsel was ineffective for failure to make a motion or argument, the petitioner must show that
the motion or argument would have been meritorious because the failure to make an argument
that is meritless is not ineffective assistance of counsel. Id.; see also Woody v. State, 2009 Ark. 413.
Here, there was evidence adduced at trial that a search pursuant to a warrant was conducted on
the motel room in which appellant and Gwendolyn Miller were often observed entering and
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exiting. In the room, the officers found a substantial amount of cash, two loaded firearms, a set
of digital scales, a marijuana pipe, multiple boxes of plastic baggies, a razor blade, 164 grams of
marijuana packaged in individual baggies, and a ledger listing names and nicknames next to
different money amounts. There was also evidence that appellant was with Miller when several
drug transactions occurred and that some of the transactions occurred in a vehicle registered to
appellant and another person. In light of the evidence obtained in the search and the evidence
of the drug transactions, appellant did not establish that a motion to proceed with a jury
instruction of simple possession of marijuana would have had merit. Appellant had the burden
of demonstrating that there was a rational basis for the instruction. See Davis v. State, 2011 Ark.
433 (per curiam); see also Hatcher v. State, 2011 Ark. 325 (per curiam). As he failed to do so in his
largely conclusory claim that he was entitled to an instruction on simple possession, he did not
establish that counsel was ineffective. Conclusory claims cannot overcome the presumption that
counsel was effective under the Strickland standard. See Robertson v. State, 2010 Ark. 300, 367
S.W.3d 538 (per curiam).
Appellant’s third claim on appeal is that counsel should have filed a pretrial motion to
suppress the evidence found in the motel room on the ground that the incriminating material
belonged to someone other than appellant. While appellant raised in the Rule 37.1 petition the
issue of whether counsel should have filed a motion to suppress the evidence, the allegation was
not based on the claim that the evidence belonged to another person. An appellant cannot
change the grounds for an argument for the first time on appeal. Hogan, 2013 Ark. 223.
In his fourth argument, appellant alleges that he was denied due process of law on the
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grounds that he was not found guilty beyond a reasonable doubt and that the imposition of his
lengthy sentence was a violation of the Eighth Amendment prohibition against cruel and unusual
punishment. Neither ground was a ground for relief under the Rule.
Questions pertaining to the sufficiency of the evidence are matters to be addressed at trial
and on direct appeal and are not cognizable in a postconviction proceeding. Green v. State, 2013
Ark. 455 (per curiam); Crain v. State, 2012 Ark. 412 (per curiam). A postconviction proceeding
under Rule 37.1 is not a substitute for direct appeal or an opportunity to challenge the strength
of the evidence adduced at trial. Green, 2013 Ark. 455.
As to the Eighth Amendment claim, which appears to be based, at least in part, on the
fact that the sentences in appellant’s case were ordered to be served consecutively, the issue was
not raised in the Rule 37.1 petition. Nevertheless, because appellant contended in his petition
that his attorney should have objected to the consecutive sentences, we note that appellant did
not claim in his petition that the sentences imposed were outside the statutory range for the
offenses, and the decision to impose the sentences concurrently or consecutively was within the
province of the trial judge. See Smith v. State, 352 Ark. 92, 98 S.W.3d 433 (2003). Appellant did
not demonstrate that counsel could have raised a meritorious objection to the sentence.
Appellant next contends that his attorney failed “to raise and object to accomplice
corroboration liability.” The argument is based on counsel’s failure to argue at trial that
Gwendolyn Miller, who testified for the prosecution at appellant’s trial, was his accomplice and
that a conviction cannot be had on the testimony of an accomplice unless corroborated by other
evidence connecting the accused with the offense. As there was ample evidence adduced at trial
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of appellant’s guilt that did not depend on Miller’s testimony, her testimony was corroborated.
Also, as the allegation was couched in the Rule 37.1 petition, it appeared to be an attempt to
reargue the sufficiency of the evidence. As stated, the issue of whether there was sufficient
evidence to sustain the judgment against appellant was a matter to be addressed at trial and on
the record on direct appeal.
In a related allegation, appellant contends that Miller was his wife and counsel should
have objected to her being allowed testify for that reason. First, the record on direct appeal
indicates that appellant was not married to Miller when they were arrested. Morever, while
confidential communication between a husband and wife is privileged under Arkansas Rule of
Evidence 504(a)(b) (2013), the communication is confidential only if it is made privately by any
person to his or her spouse and is not intended for disclosure to any other person. Here, even
if appellant and Miller had been married, appellant did not allege in his petition that Miller
testified that there was a particular confidential communication between him and Miller that was
privileged. Appellant failed to show that there was some meritorious objection that counsel
could have raised to challenge Miller’s testimony.
Finally, appellant’s brief on appeal is replete with conclusory claims of ineffective
assistance of counsel, some of which were interwoven into the allegations in the Rule 37.1
petition and some of which appear only in the brief. To the extent that the assertions were
raised below and in the appellate brief and can be reviewed for error in this appeal, it is well
settled that conclusory statements that counsel was ineffective will not sustain a petition for
postconviction relief. Criagg, 2014 Ark. 71; Jeffers v. State, 280 Ark. 458, 658 S.W.2d 869 (1983).
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As to the claims raised below and not raised on appeal, those allegations are considered to be
abandoned. Hayes v. State, 2011 Ark. 327, 383 S.W.3d 824 (per curiam).
Affirmed.
Donald Ray Mathis, pro se appellant.
Dustin McDaniel, Att’y Gen., by: Kent G. Holt, Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellee.
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