State v. Finch , 2013 Ohio 1862 ( 2013 )

[Cite as State v. Finch, 2013-Ohio-1862.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-120553
TRIAL NO. 12CRB-10533
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
O P I N I O N.
vs. :
MARSHELL FINCH, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Municipal Court
Judgment Appealed From Is: Reversed and Cause Remanded
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: May 8, 2013
John Curp, City Solicitor, Charlie Rubenstein, City Prosecutor, and Heidi Rosales,
Assistant City Prosecutor, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
J. Rhett Baker, for Defendant-Appellant.
Please note: this case has been removed from the accelerated calendar.
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
SYLVIA S. HENDON, Presiding Judge.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Marshell Finch appeals from the trial court’s
judgment convicting her of telecommunications harassment following a bench trial.
Because the state amended the complaint issued against Finch to reflect a date of
offense that was subsequent to the date of the filing of the original complaint, we
hold that the trial court was without jurisdiction to render judgment against Finch.
Factual Background
{¶2} On April 10, 2012, a complaint for telecommunications harassment
was issued against Finch. The complaint alleged that, on or about March 9, 2012,
Finch had committed the offense of telecommunications harassment in violation of
R.C. 2917.21. The victim of Finch’s offense was Ayesha Shabazz.
{¶3} During trial, Shabazz testified that during the period of February 2012
through March 9, 2012, Finch had called her over 100 times. Finch continually
threatened Shabazz through the calls, and she continued to call Shabazz despite
Shabazz’s request that she stop. Shabazz had recorded a phone call from Finch that
occurred on April 11, 2012, and the prosecutor asked the trial court for permission to
play the recorded call in court. Counsel for Finch objected, arguing that the call
could not be used as evidence because it had been made approximately one month
after the date of offense provided in the complaint. The prosecutor then moved,
pursuant to Crim.R. 7, to amend the complaint to conform to the evidence and reflect
a date of offense of April 11, 2012. The trial court granted the state’s motion to
amend over Finch’s objection. The call recorded on April 11, 2012, was then played
in court.
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶4} At the close of evidence, the trial court found Finch guilty of
telecommunications harassment. She now appeals.
Lack of Jurisdiction
{¶5} In her first assignment of error, Finch argues that the trial court erred
in allowing the state to amend the complaint. In her second assignment of error,
Finch argues that her conviction should be reversed due to a defective complaint that
left the trial court with no jurisdiction. We consider these assignments together.
{¶6} The Hamilton County Municipal Court has jurisdiction over
misdemeanors committed within its territorial jurisdiction. R.C. 1901.20. The filing
of a valid complaint invokes the court’s jurisdiction. State v. Blair, 1st Dist. Nos. C-
100150 and C-100151, 2010-Ohio-6310, ¶ 15. Because the complaint is the
jurisdictional charging instrument of the court, a municipal court will not acquire
jurisdiction over a case that originates with a defective or invalid complaint. State v.
Miller, 47 Ohio App.3d 113, 547 N.E.2d 399 (1st Dist.1988).
{¶7} Pursuant to Crim.R. 3, a complaint shall contain a statement of facts
describing the offense charged and the numerical designation of the applicable
statute or ordinance that has been violated, and must be made upon oath before any
person authorized by law to administer oaths. Blair, 2010-Ohio-6310 at ¶ 15. The
original complaint issued in this case was in compliance with Crim.R. 3. The
complaint, issued on April 10, 2012, alleged that Finch had committed the offense of
telecommunications harassment in violation of R.C. 2917.21, and that she had
committed this offense on or about March 9, 2012. The complaint further contained
a supporting statement of facts and was properly made upon oath.
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶8} The original complaint was amended pursuant to Crim.R. 7 to conform
to the evidence that had been presented and to reflect a date of offense of April 11,
2012. Under Crim.R. 7(D), a complaint can be amended at any time, provided that
no change is made to the name or identity of the crime charged. Following
amendment, the complaint in this case, issued on April 10, 2012, reflected a date of
offense of April 11, 2012. Finch argues that because the complaint reflected a date of
offense that was subsequent to the date that the complaint was filed, it was defective.
The state argues that the amendment was proper under Crim.R. 7(D) because it did
not affect the name or identity of the crime charged, but merely changed the date of
the offense.
{¶9} The state has cited several cases that upheld the amendment of a
complaint to reflect a date of offense that was subsequent to the date of offense
provided for in the original complaint. See State v. Preston-Glenn, 10th Dist. No.
09AP-92, 2009-Ohio-6771. See also State v. Martindale, 5th Dist. No. 00CA 30,
2001 Ohio App. LEXIS 1733 (Apr. 3, 2001). But these cases are factually
distinguishable from the case before this court. In both Preston-Glenn and
Martindale, the date of offense reflected in the amended complaint was not
subsequent to the date on which the original complaint had been issued.
{¶10} Case law on the amendment of indictments in felony cases is
instructive. In State v. Wilkinson, 178 Ohio App.3d 99, 2008-Ohio-4400, 896
N.E.2d 1027 (2d Dist.), the Second Appellate District considered the validity of an
indictment that had been amended to reflect a date of offense that was subsequent to
the date that the defendant had originally been charged by indictment. Id. at ¶ 4-5.
The court held that the amended indictment was not valid because “by amending the
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
indictment, it is also clear that the crime alleged in the amended indictment was, at
least in part, neither presented to nor considered and returned by the grand jury.”
Id. at ¶ 19-20.
{¶11} We hold that a complaint is invalid when it reflects a date of offense
that is subsequent to the date on which the complaint was issued. In this situation,
the complaint would facially indicate that a crime was going to occur at some point in
the future. The person authorized by law to make the complaint under oath cannot
swear that a crime will be committed in the future. Such a complaint is not in
compliance with Crim.R. 3. Because the amended complaint in this case indicated
that the date of offense was a date subsequent to the date on which the complaint
was issued, it was invalid and the trial court’s jurisdiction was not invoked.
Consequently, the court did not have jurisdiction to render judgment against Finch.
Finch’s first and second assignments of error are sustained.
{¶12} In her third assignment of error, Finch argues that her conviction for
telecommunications harassment was against the manifest weight of the evidence.
We do not address this argument, as it is rendered moot by our resolution of the first
and second assignments of error.
{¶13} The trial court’s judgment convicting Finch of telecommunications
harassment is reversed, and the cause is remanded with instructions to the trial court
to dismiss the complaint against Finch, and for proceedings consistent with the law
and this opinion.
Judgment reversed and cause remanded.
HILDEBRANDT and CUNNINGHAM, JJ., concur.
Please note:
The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.
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