State v. Eggers , 2013 Ohio 3174 ( 2013 )

[Cite as State v. Eggers, 2013-Ohio-3174.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
CLARK COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO :
: Appellate Case No. 2011-CA-48
Plaintiff-Appellee :
: Trial Court Case No. 2011-CR-40
v. :
:
ADAM EGGERS : (Criminal Appeal from
: (Common Pleas Court)
Defendant-Appellant :
:
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OPINION
Rendered on the 19th day of July, 2013.
...........
LISA M. FANNIN, Atty. Reg. #0082337, Clark County Prosecutor’s Office, 50 East Columbia
Street, 4th Floor, Post Office Box 1608, Springfield, Ohio 45501
Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
CHRISTOPHER W. THOMPSON, Atty. Reg. #0055379, 130 West Second Street, Suite 1444,
Dayton, Ohio 45402
Attorney for Defendant-Appellant
.............
FAIN, P.J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant Adam Eggers appeals from his conviction and sentence for
Felony Murder, following a plea bargain. Eggers contends that his guilty plea and waiver of
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rights were not knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily made, due to the trial court’s failure to
comply with Crim.R. 11 during the plea colloquy and the trial court’s mistake in sentencing
Eggers to a term of postrelease control. We conclude that the trial court complied with Crim.R.
11 by informing Eggers of his rights and determining that Eggers understood that a guilty plea
waived those rights. We further conclude that the trial court erred in sentencing Eggers to
postrelease control, but that Eggers has failed to demonstrate that he was prejudiced by the trial
court’s error. Accordingly, the portion of the trial court’s judgment imposing a five-year term of
postrelease control is Vacated, and the judgment is Affirmed in all other respects.
I. Course of the Proceedings
{¶ 2} In May 2010, Adam Eggers fired four shots into a residence located at 926
Southfield Avenue in Springfield, Ohio, with the intention of killing Dustin Bryant. One of the
shots went through a wall and struck Julie Snyder, killing her instantly. Eggers was indicted on
one count of Aggravated Murder, R.C. 2903.01(A), with a firearm specification, two counts of
Felony Murder, R.C. 2903.02(B), each with a firearm specification, one count of Felonious
Assault, R.C. 2903.11(A)(2), with a firearm specification, one count of Improperly Discharging a
Firearm at or into a Habitation, R.C. 2923.161(A)(1), and one count of Improper Handling of
Firearms in a Motor Vehicle, R.C. 2923.16(B). Dkt. 1.
{¶ 3} Pursuant to a plea agreement, Eggers pled guilty to Felony Murder, as charged in
count three of the indictment, causing the death of another as a proximate result of improperly
discharging a firearm at or into a habitation, in violation of R.C. 2903.02(B) and 2923.161(A)(1).
In exchange for Eggers’s guilty plea, the State dismissed the firearm specification attached to
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count three and the remaining charges and specifications. The parties agreed that Eggers’s
sentence would be fifteen years to life.
{¶ 4} Immediately after accepting his guilty plea, the trial court sentenced Eggers to life
imprisonment with parole eligibility after fifteen years. The trial court also sentenced Eggers to a
mandatory five-year term of post-release control. Dkt. 23.
{¶ 5} Eggers appeals from his conviction and sentence.1 Eggers’s appellate counsel
filed a brief pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 19 L.Ed.2d 493(1967), stating that he could find no meritorious issues for appellate review, but suggesting two
potential issues for review. We notified Eggers of his appellate counsel’s representations and
afforded him time to file a pro se brief. Eggers filed a pro se brief raising three issues for
review, which involved the same matters his appellate counsel had assigned as potential error.
Based on our review of the issues raised by appellate counsel and Eggers, we determined that
there was a non-frivolous issue with respect to whether Eggers’s plea was knowingly, voluntarily,
and intelligently made. Therefore, we appointed new appellate counsel to argue the error
assigned, as well as any other error counsel should deem meritorious. State v. Eggers, 2d Dist.
Clark No. 11CA48, 2012-Ohio-2967. Eggers’s new appellate counsel subsequently filed a brief
raising two assignments of error, which we address herein.
1
Eggers moved under Crim.R. 32.1 to withdraw his guilty plea, claiming that he was coerced into pleading guilty by his counsel
and that he was innocent of the charge of Murder. Dkt. 26. The trial court overruled his motion without a hearing. Eggers subsequently
filed a petition for post-conviction relief, which the trial court also overruled without a hearing. Neither of these decisions is within the
scope of this appeal.
[Cite as State v. Eggers, 2013-Ohio-3174.]
II. The Trial Court Adequately Explained Eggers’s Rights and Determined
that Eggers’s Plea Was Knowing, Intelligent, and Voluntary
{¶ 6} Eggers’s First Assignment of Error states:
APPELLANT’S GUILTY PLEA AND WAIVER OF RIGHTS WERE
NOT KNOWINGLY, INTELLIGENTLY AND VOLUNTARILY MADE.
{¶ 7} At the plea hearing, counsel for the State explained the terms of the plea
agreement. Tr. 3. The State then placed the pertinent facts on the record relating to the night
that Julie Snyder was killed. Id. at 4–5. Eggers acknowledged that he understood the terms of
the plea agreement, and said that he was not under the influence of drugs, alcohol, or medication.
Eggers informed the trial court that he had signed the plea agreement after reviewing it with his
attorney, and that he understood the agreement. Eggers stated that no one had threatened him to
convince him to plead, and that he was pleading guilty voluntarily. The court then explained to
Eggers the punishment for the offense of Felony Murder, and that Eggers was subject to a
mandatory five years of post-release control. Id. at 5-8.
{¶ 8} The trial court then engaged in the following colloquy with Eggers:
THE COURT: And do you understand that you do have the right to a trial
in this case?
THE DEFENDANT: Yes, Your Honor.
THE COURT: At that trial you would have the right to require the State to
prove beyond a reasonable doubt each and every element of the offense to which
you are pleading guilty, and you could only be convicted upon the unanimous
verdict of a jury. You would have the right to confront witnesses who would
testify against you, and your attorney could cross-examine those witnesses. You
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would have the right to use the Court’s subpoena power to compel the attendance
of witnesses on your behalf, and you would also have the right to testify, but you
could not be forced to do so. Do you understand all of these rights?
THE DEFENDANT: Yes, Your Honor.
THE COURT: By pleading guilty you would be giving up or waiving all of
these rights that we have gone over. Understanding that at this time how did you
wish to plead to the offense of murder in Count Three of the indictment?
THE DEFENDANT: I’m sorry. Can you say that again?
THE COURT: Sure. I just want to make sure that you do
understand that upon entering a guilty plea in this
case you would be waiving or giving up all of those
rights that we have gone over, the trial rights that
you would have. The right to a trial, the right to the
State proving their case beyond a reasonable doubt,
the right whereby you could only be convicted upon
the unanimous verdict of a jury, the right to
confront witnesses who would testify against you,
the right to have your attorney cross-examine those
witnesses, the right to use the Court’s subpoena
power to compel the attendance of witnesses who
would testify against you and also the right to testify
if you choose to do so but you could not be forced to
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do so. By pleading guilty you would be giving up
or waiving those rights. Understanding that, how
did you wish to plead to the offense of felony murder
in Count Three of the indictment?
THE DEFENDANT: Guilty, Your Honor.
THE COURT: The Court finds that the defendant has knowingly,
voluntarily, and intelligently waived his rights and entered a plea of guilty to that
offense, and based upon that plea I find him guilty of that offense. Id. at 8-10
(Emphasis added.)
{¶ 9} Eggers contends that the trial court’s explanation of his rights, and the fact that
by pleading guilty he would waive these rights, was confusing, thereby rendering his guilty plea
less than knowing, voluntary, and intelligent. According to Eggers, the trial court erred when it
explained all of the rights at once, rather than one at a time, and when it failed to ask Eggers if he
understood that a guilty plea would waive his rights. Based on our review of the particular facts
of this case, we do not agree.
{¶ 10} Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(c) provides that the court may not accept a plea of guilty or no
contest:
without first addressing the defendant personally and . . .[i]nforming the
defendant and determining that the defendant understands that by the plea the
defendant is waiving the rights to jury trial, to have compulsory process for
obtaining witnesses in the defendant’s favor, and to require the state to prove the
defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt at trial at which the defendant cannot
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be compelled to testify against himself or herself.
{¶ 11} A guilty plea is constitutionally infirm when the defendant is not informed in a
reasonable manner that his plea waives those rights. State v. Ballard, 66 Ohio St.2d 473, 423
N.E. 2d 115 (1981).
{¶ 12} In Ballard, the Ohio Supreme Court described how a trial court must explain a
defendant’s rights under Crim. R. 11, stating, at paragraphs one and two of the syllabus:
1. Prior to accepting a guilty plea from a criminal defendant, the trial court
must inform the defendant that he is waiving his privilege against compulsory
self-incrimination, his right to jury trial, his right to confront his accusers, and his
right of compulsory process of witnesses. (Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 89
S.Ct. 1709, 23 L.Ed.2d 274, followed.)
2. Failure to use the exact language contained in Crim.R. 11(C), in
informing a criminal defendant of his constitutional right to a trial and the
constitutional rights related to such trial, including the right to trial by jury, is not
grounds for vacating a plea as long as the record shows that the trial court
explained these rights in a manner reasonably intelligible to that defendant.
(State v. Caudill, 48 Ohio St.2d 342, 358 N.E.2d 601, modified.)
{¶ 13} In State v. Thomas, 116 Ohio App.3d 530, 534, 688 N.E.2d 602 (2d Dist.1996),
we expounded on the Supreme Court’s statement regarding Crim. R. 11 and the exchange that the
trial court is required to have with a defendant prior to accepting his guilty plea:
The purpose of the procedure required by [Crim.] R. 11(C) is to ensure that
the defendant subjectively understands each of the rights concerned and that he
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waives it by his plea of guilty or no contest. That proposition must be
demonstrated by the record. The preferred method is to use the language
contained in the rule, stopping after each right and asking whether the defendant
understands that right and knows that his plea waives it. Id. When that is not
done, the record must, in some other way, affirmatively demonstrate the
propositions made necessary by the rule.
{¶ 14} In short, “a trial court can still convey the requisite information on constitutional
rights to the defendant even when the court does not provide a word-for-word recitation of the
criminal rule, so long as the trial court actually explains the rights to the defendant.” State v.
Veney, 120 Ohio St.3d 176, 2008-Ohio-5200, 897 N.E.2d 621, ¶ 27.
{¶ 15} The trial court explained each of Eggers’s rights to him. After doing so, Eggers
stated that he understood these rights. Tr. 8-9. The trial court then explained that by pleading
guilty, Eggers would be waiving those rights, once again stating each of Eggers’s rights. The
court then stated, “By pleading guilty you would be giving up or waiving all of these rights that
we have gone over. Understanding that at this time how did you wish to plead to the offense of
murder in Count Three of the indictment?” Eggers then stated “I’m sorry. Can you say that
again?” The trial court then once again explained all of Eggers’s rights and that a guilty plea
would mean that Eggers is waiving all of these rights. The court concluded by once again
asking, “Understanding that, how did you wish to plead to the offense of felony murder in Count
Three of the indictment?” This time, Eggers responded that he was pleading guilty.
{¶ 16} Eggers contends that the trial court erred by failing to ask Eggers if he understood
that a guilty plea would waive his rights. The trial court did ask this question, albeit in an
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imperfect way. The trial court asked, “Understanding that, how did you wish to plead to the
offense of felony murder in Count Three of the indictment?” This question essentially asked,
“Assuming you understand that a guilty plea waives these rights, how do you wish to plead?”
By answering “guilty,” Eggers implied that he understood that a guilty plea would waive his
rights and that he was pleading guilty. While we agree that the better practice would have been
to stop after the explanation of each right and ask whether Eggers understood the right and that a
guilty plea waived the right, we conclude the trial court’s three explanations of Eggers’s rights,
Eggers’s confirmation that he understood the rights, and the trial court’s two explanations to
Eggers that a guilty plea would waive the rights, were sufficient to establish that Eggers’s guilty
plea was knowing, intelligent, and voluntary. Eggers also stated that he understood what was
contained on the written plea form that he signed voluntarily. His rights and the consequences
of a guilty plea were explained on this form. Based upon the entire plea colloquy, we conclude
that the trial court could reasonably determine, as required by Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(c), that Eggers
understood both his rights and the consequences of his guilty plea.
{¶ 17} Eggers also contends that the trial court failed to comply with Crim.R. 11 when
the court addressed the fact that Eggers “cannot be compelled to testify against himself or
herself.” Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(c). The trial court did not use the language of Crim.R. 11(C),
instead stating, “You would have the right to use the Court’s subpoena power to compel the
attendance of witnesses on your behalf, and you would also have the right to testify, but you
could not be forced to do so.” Tr. 8-9. The Supreme Court has expressed a preference that the
trial court use the language employed in Crim.R. 11 when explaining a defendant’s rights to him
during a plea colloquy. But the Supreme Court has also made it clear that the failure to employ
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the language in Crim.R. 11 is not fatal to a guilty plea. Indeed, the Supreme Court has noted that
“[t]he use of common, everyday words, * * * instead of a rote recitation of legal terminology, can
assist the defendant in understanding the rights forfeited by entry of a plea.” State v. Barker, 129
Ohio St.3d 472, 2011-Ohio-4130, 953 N.E.2d 826, ¶ 20.
{¶ 18} The trial court explained Eggers’s right to not be compelled to testify against
himself in common, everyday words. Based on our review of the particular facts before us, we
conclude that the trial court did not err in doing so.
{¶ 19} Eggers finally argues that the trial court erred by not inquiring whether Eggers’s
plea of guilty was one that should have been done pursuant to North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S.
25, 91 S.Ct. 160, 27 L.Ed.2d 162 (1970). Brief, p. 9-10. Eggers’s reliance on Alford is
misplaced.
{¶ 20} In Alford, the United States Supreme Court found that a guilty plea coupled with
a claim of innocence should not be accepted unless there is a factual basis for the plea and the
trial court inquires into and resolves the apparent conflict between the waiver of trial and claim of
innocence. Id. at 37. However, ’[i]mplicit in any Alford plea is the requirement [that] a
defendant actually state his innocence on the record when entering a guilty plea.’” State v.
Knowles, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 95239, 2011-Ohio-1685, ¶ 20 (Citations omitted.) The record
before us discloses no protestations of innocence when the trial court accepted Eggers’s guilty
plea.
{¶ 21} The only statements in the record that could be construed as a protestation of
innocence occurred after the guilty plea had been accepted. The trial court then proceeded to
sentencing and asked Eggers if he had anything else to say, thus giving Eggers the chance to
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exercise his right to allocution. Tr. 10-11. At that time, Eggers stated, for the first time, “I’d
like to apologize to the family. You know I loved her. You know I didn’t do this. I didn’t do
this. I love you, mom. I don’t know. That’s it. I don’t know what else to say.” Id. at 11.
{¶ 22} Eggers waited until sentencing to make any statement regarding innocence.
Therefore, Alford does not apply, and the trial court had no duty during the plea hearing to
inquire whether Eggers’s plea of guilty was one that should have been done pursuant to Alford.
{¶ 23} Eggers’s First Assignment of Error is overruled.
III. Eggers Has Failed to Demonstrate that He Was Prejudiced
by the Trial Court’s Incorrect Inclusion of Postrelease Control
{¶ 24} Eggers’s Second Assignment of Error states:
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED, AS A RESULT OF A MUTUAL
MISTAKE OF THE PARTIES AND THE COURT, BY INFORMING
APPELLANT OF AND SENTENCING APPELLANT TO A TERM OF POST
RELEASE CONTROL AS PART OF HIS NEGOTIATED PLEA TO THE
CHARGE OF MURDER AND THEREFORE WAS NOT KNOWINGLY,
INTELLIGENTLY AND VOLUNTARILY MADE.
{¶ 25} When a trial court imposes sentence for any of the classified felonies set forth at
R.C. 2967.28(B), it must appropriately advise the defendant of mandatory postrelease control, or
the sentence is void ab initio. State v. Porterfield, 11th Dist. Trumbull No. 2010-T-0005,
2010-Ohio-4287, ¶ 7. In this case, Eggers pled guilty to, and was sentenced for, one count of
Felony Murder, in violation of R.C. 2903.02(B), an unclassified felony, not subject to the dictates
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of R.C. 2967.28.
{¶ 26} In State v. Clark, 119 Ohio St.3d 239, 2008-Ohio-3748, 893 N.E. 2d 462, ¶
36-37, the Supreme Court addressed parole and postrelease control in the context of a conviction
for an unclassified felony:
However, an individual sentenced for aggravated murder such as Clark is
not subject to postrelease control because that crime is an unclassified felony to
which the postrelease-control statute does not apply. R.C. 2967.28. Instead,
such a person is either ineligible for parole or becomes eligible for parole after
serving a period of 20, 25, or 30 years in prison. See R.C. 2929.03(A)(1);
2967.13(A). Parole is also a form of supervised release, but it is not merely an
addition to an individual’s sentence. When a person is paroled, he or she is
released from confinement before the end of his or her sentence and remains in the
custody of the state until the sentence expires or the Adult Parole Authority grants
final release. R.C. 2967.02(C); 2967.13(E); 2967.15(A); 2967.16(C)(1). If a
paroled person violates the various conditions associated with the parole, he or she
may be required to serve the remainder of the original sentence; that period could
be more than nine months. Ohio Adm.Code 5120:1-1-19(C).
Even after a prisoner has met the minimum eligibility requirements, parole
is not guaranteed; the Adult Parole Authority “has wide-ranging discretion in
parole matters” and may refuse to grant release to an eligible offender. * * *
Because parole is not certain to occur, trial courts are not required to explain it as
part of the maximum possible penalty in a Crim.R. 11 colloquy. * * *
[Cite as State v. Eggers, 2013-Ohio-3174.]
{¶ 27} Similarly to this case, one of the issues in Clark was whether the defendant’s
guilty plea had been knowing, voluntary, and intelligent, as required by Crim.R. 11(C). At issue
was the fact the trial court had advised appellant in the Crim.R. 11(C) colloquy that he would be
subject to mandatory postrelease control, as set forth at R.C. 2967.28, which was also made part
of the judgment entry, not that he would be subject to parole. On appeal, the Eleventh District
Court of Appeals determined that the trial court had substantially complied with the requirements
of Crim.R. 11(C), since the trial court had correctly advised appellant that the maximum penalty
for aggravated murder was life imprisonment without parole.
{¶ 28} The Supreme Court of Ohio reversed the appellate court, holding that the trial
court’s Crim.R. 11 colloquy failed to meet the substantial compliance standard. The court held,
in pertinent part:
The trial judge was not required to discuss postrelease control or parole in
Clark’s plea colloquy under Crim.R. 11(C)(2), as Clark was not eligible for
postrelease control given his plea to an unclassified felony. See R.C. 2967.28(B)
and (C). When he expanded on the information set forth in the rule, the trial judge
obscured the relatively straightforward maximum penalties for Clark’s crimes.
The judge described a decidedly different form of release than the one Clark
actually faced under the law, a hybrid system that combined the mandatory term of
years and the maximum possible sentences associated with postrelease control
with the uncertainty of release associated with parole.
Such an incorrect recitation of the law fails to meet the substantial
compliance standard. If a trial judge chooses to offer an expanded explanation of
the law in a Crim.R. 11 plea colloquy, the information conveyed must be accurate.
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The rule is in place to ensure that defendants wishing to plead guilty or no contest
do so knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily. Because of the substantial
misinformation that the trial judge provided to the defendant in this case, the
defendant could not have entered his plea knowingly, intelligently, and
voluntarily. The fact that the trial court provided some correct information as well
does not alter this conclusion, because the correction (sic) information was not
provided in such a manner as to remedy the erroneous information.
Despite the failure to substantially comply with Crim.R. 11, the trial judge
did not simply ignore his duties under Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a). Because the trial
judge partially complied with the rule, Clark must show that he was prejudiced by
the trial court’s misinformation to successfully vacate his plea. * * * Although it
discussed prejudice in its opinion, the court of appeals did not reach a conclusion
on the issue. We therefore remand the case for a full determination of prejudice.
Clark, 2008-Ohio-3748, at ¶ 38-40.
{¶ 29} On remand, the Eleventh District Court of Appeals held that the defendant had
suffered no prejudice as a result of the trial court’s failure to explain parole properly. State v.
Clark, 11th Dist. Ashtabula No. 2006-A-0004, 2008-Ohio-6768. The Eleventh District
explained that the defendant “has presented no evidence and points to no evidence in the record
suggesting that his plea would have been otherwise had he known the actual conditions of
parole.” Id. at ¶ 16. The court concluded that “[w]ithout some evidence that [the defendant]
was motivated by the expectation of being subject to post-release control upon release, we must
affirm the plea.” Id. at ¶ 22. See also State v. Stokes, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 93154,
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2010-Ohio-3181; State v. Eberle, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2009-10-065, 2010-Ohio-3563.
{¶ 30} There is nothing in the record to suggest Eggers would not have entered his guilty
plea had the trial court not erroneously informed him that he was subject to a mandatory five-year
term of postrelease control. Therefore, Eggers has failed to demonstrate prejudice resulting from
the trial court’s error in discussing and sentencing Eggers to a five-year term of postrelease
control. We will, however, vacate that portion of the sentence imposing a five-year term of
postrelease control.
{¶ 31} Eggers’s Second Assignment of Error is overruled.
IV. Conclusion
{¶ 32} The portion of Eggers’s sentence imposing a five-year term of postrelease control
is Vacated. Both of Eggers’s assignments of error having been overruled, the judgment of the
trial court is Affirmed in all other respects.
.............
WELBAUM, J., concurs.
DONOVAN, J., concurs in judgment only.
Copies mailed to:
Lisa M. Fannin
Christopher W. Thompson
Hon. Douglas M. Rastatter