State v. Mitchell , 2012 Ohio 2107 ( 2012 )

[Cite as State v. Mitchell, 2012-Ohio-2107.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY, OHIO
:
STATE OF OHIO
Plaintiff-Appellee : C.A. CASE NO. 24743
vs. : T.C. CASE NO. 2008-CR-623/1
: (Criminal Appeal From
KENNETH MITCHELL Common Pleas Court)
Defendant-Appellant :
.........
OPINION
Rendered on the 11th day of May, 2012.
.........
Mathias H. Heck, Jr., Kirsten A. Brandt, Atty. Reg. No. 0070162, Montgomery County
Prosecutor’s Office, P.O. Box 972, 301 West Third Street, Dayton, OH 45422
Attorneys for Plaintiff-Appellee
Tara C. Dancing, Atty. Reg. No. 0077277, 1158 Kauffman Avenue, Fairborn, OH 45324
Attorney for Defendant-Appellant
.........
GRADY, P.J.:
{¶ 1} Defendant, Kenneth Mitchell, appeals from his conviction for possession of
less than one gram of crack cocaine, R.C. 2925.11(A), which was entered on Defendant’s plea
of no contest following the trial court’s denial of Defendant’s motion to dismiss the charge
against him for a violation of his speedy trial rights.
{¶ 2} On March 17, 2008, Defendant was charged by indictment in Montgomery
County with committing a violation of R.C. 2925.11(A) on or about February 4, 2008. No
warrant for Defendant’s arrest was issued. From that, we infer that Defendant was arrested
on the date he allegedly committed the offense with which he was charged, February 4, 2008.
{¶ 3} Defendant entered a not guilty plea to the drug charge and was released on his
own recognizance. On July 10, 2008, Defendant failed to appear for a pretrial conference as
ordered. A warrant for his arrest issued.
{¶ 4} Defendant failed to appear because he had been arrested and incarcerated in
Indiana on forgery charges. On November 25, 2008, counsel for Defendant presented a
request to the prosecutor in Montgomery County, pursuant to R.C. 2963.30, for final
disposition of the drug offense charge. The prosecutor took no action on that request.
{¶ 5} Defendant was released from incarceration in Indiana in December of 2010,
and was rearrested in Ohio on the Montgomery County warrant in early January of 2011.
Defendant was released on his own recognizance on January 11, 2011.
{¶ 6} On January 13, 2011, Defendant moved for a discharge pursuant to R.C.
2945.73(A) for violation of his speedy trial rights in two respects. First, because the
prosecutor had failed to bring Defendant to trial within one hundred and eighty days after
Defendant’s November 25, 2008 request for final disposition of the charges against him.
R.C. 2963.30. Second, because Defendant had not been brought to trial on those charges
within two hundred and seventy days following his arrest. R.C. 2945.71(C)(2).
{¶ 7} On February 10, 2011, the trial court journalized its Entry Overruling Motion
To Dismiss, which states, in its entirety: “This matter came before the Court upon
Defendant’s motion to dismiss filed on January 13, 2011. After careful consideration, and for
the reasons announced in Court on February 1, 2011, the Court finds the Motion is not well
taken and such is hereby overruled.”
{¶ 8} On May 20, 2011, Defendant entered a no contest plea to the drug charge and
was convicted on his plea. The court imposed a five-year term of community control, a
$2500 fine, and a suspension of Defendant’s operator’s license. Defendant filed a notice of
appeal from his judgment of conviction.
{¶ 9} Assignment of Error:
{¶ 10} “THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN NOT DISMISSING THE INDICTMENT
FOR VIOLATION OF KENNETH MITCHELL’S CONSTITUTIONAL AND STATUTORY
SPEEDY TRIAL RIGHTS.”
{¶ 11} Defendant argues that his right to a speedy trial was violated by the State’s
failure to bring him to trial within 180 days of the date he delivered a request for final
disposition to the prosecutor and the court pursuant to R.C. 2963.30 and/or within 270 days of
the date of his arrest pursuant to R.C. 2945.71(C). We will address these two sections in
turn.
{¶ 12} The Interstate Agreement on Detainers (“IAD”) is codified at R.C. 2963.30.
The purpose of the IAD is to facilitate the speedy disposition of charges pending against a
person who is incarcerated in another state. R.C. 2963.30, Article I. The IAD sets forth a
procedure by which a prisoner may demand the speedy disposition of charges pending against
him in another member jurisdiction. Section (a) of Article III of the IAD provides, in part:
Whenever a person has entered upon a term of imprisonment in a penal
or correctional institution of a party state, and whenever during the continuance
of the term of imprisonment there is pending in any other party state any
untried indictment, information or complaint on the basis of which a detainer
has been lodged against the prisoner, he shall be brought to trial within one
hundred eighty days after he shall have caused to be delivered to the
prosecuting officer and the appropriate court of the prosecuting officer’s
jurisdiction written notice of the place of his imprisonment and his request for
a final disposition to be made of the indictment, information or complaint * * *
.
{¶ 13} The provisions of the IAD are triggered only when a detainer is filed with the
institution in which the prisoner is currently incarcerated. United States v. Mauro, 436 U.S.
340, 343, 98 S.Ct. 1834, 56 L.Ed.2d 329 (1978); State v. Luna, 2d Dist. Montgomery No.
16426, 1997 WL 630029 (Sept. 30, 1997). A “detainer” is “a request filed by a
criminal-justice agency with the institution in which a prisoner is incarcerated, asking the
institution either to hold the prisoner for the agency or to notify the agency when release of the
prisoner is imminent.” State v. Sanchez, 110 Ohio St.3d 274, 2006-Ohio-4478, 853 N.E.2d
283, ¶ 19, quoting Carchman v. Nash, 473 U.S. 716, 719, 105 S.Ct. 3401, 87 L.Ed.2d 516(1985).
{¶ 14} The State argues that the IAD does not apply to Defendant because a detainer
was never issued against him. In its opposition to Defendant’s motion to dismiss, the State
explained why it did not issue a detainer against Defendant:
The State of Ohio, during this time, did not place a detainer on the
defendant as the extradition radius on the issued warrant was LEADS. As this
Court is well aware, the extradition radius on the capias that was issued was
based on the felony level and therefore, the extradition radius was LEADS,
meaning the defendant could be picked up anywhere within the State of Ohio
by any law enforcement officer, but the radius of this capias did not extend to
Adjacent States.
(Dkt. 29.)
{¶ 15} On appeal, Defendant fails to point to any evidence in the record that a detainer
was in fact issued against him. Absent evidence that a detainer was issued against Defendant,
the IAD does not apply in this case. Consequently, there is no basis in the record for us to
conclude that the trial court erred in overruling Defendant’s motion to dismiss for the State’s
failure to comply with the 180-day requirement of the IAD.
{¶ 16} Although the IAD does not apply to Defendant, R.C. 2945.71(C)(2)
nevertheless provides that a person who is charged with a felony “[s]hall be brought to trial
within two hundred seventy days after the person’s arrest.” The statutory speedy trial
provisions are mandatory and must be strictly complied with by the trial court. State v.
Singer, 50 Ohio St.2d 103, 362 N.E.2d 1216 (1977). If the speedy trial time limits of R.C.
2945.71 and 2945.72 are exceeded, a person charged with an offense must be discharged.
R.C. 2945.73.
{¶ 17} An accused presents a prima facie case for discharge due to a speedy trial
violation by demonstrating that his case was pending for a time exceeding the statutory limits
in R.C. 2945.71. State v. Butcher, 27 Ohio St.2d 28, 31, 500 N.E.2d 1368 (1986). “[W]hen a
criminal defendant shows that he had not been brought to trial within the proper time period,
the burden shifts to the state to demonstrate that sufficient time was tolled or extended under
the statute.” State v. Maisch, 173 Ohio App.3d 724, 2007-Ohio-6230, 880 N.E.2d 153, ¶ 24
(3d Dist.).
{¶ 18} The State argues that Defendant’s speedy trial time was tolled pursuant to R.C.
2945.72(A), which provides that the time within an accused must be brought to trial may be
extended by:
[a]ny period during which the accused is unavailable for hearing or trial, by
reason of other criminal proceedings against him, within or outside the state, by
reason of his confinement in another state, or by reason of the pendency of
extradition proceedings, provided that the prosecution exercises reasonable
diligence to secure his availability[.]
{¶ 19} More than two hundred and seventy days had passed since Defendant’s arrest
on February 4, 2008 and the R.C. 2945.73 motion for discharge Defendant filed on January
13, 2011. However, by our calculation, fewer than two hundred and seventy speedy trial days
had then passed if Defendant’s speedy trial time was tolled while he was incarcerated in
Indiana. The fact that the trial court overruled Defendant’s motion to dismiss suggests that
the trial court found that the State exercised reasonable diligence in securing Defendant’s
availability while he was incarcerated in Indiana. R.C. 2945.72(A).
{¶ 20} In its February 20, 2011 entry overruling Defendant’s motion to dismiss, the
trial court stated, in part: “After careful consideration, and for the reasons announced in
Court on February 1, 2011, the Court finds the Motion is not well taken and such is hereby
overruled.” The record before us does not contain a transcript of the February 1, 2011
hearing referenced in the trial court’s February 20, 2011 entry.
{¶ 21} It is the obligation of the appellant to file a transcript of the proceedings which
the appellant considers necessary for inclusion in the record on appeal. App.R. 9(B)(1). The
Supreme Court has explained the effect of an appellant’s failure to provide the appellate court
with a transcript. In Knapp v. Edwards Laboratories, 61 Ohio St.2d 197, 199, 400 N.E.2d
384 (1980), the Court stated:
The duty to provide a transcript for appellate review falls upon the appellant.
This is necessarily so because an appellant bears the burden of showing error
by reference to matters in the record. * * * When portions of the transcript
necessary for resolution of assigned errors are omitted from the record, the
reviewing court has nothing to pass upon and thus, as to those assigned errors,
the court has no choice but to presume the validity of the lower court's
proceedings, and affirm.
{¶ 22} Without a transcript of the February 1, 2011 hearing on Defendant’s motion to
dismiss, we are unable to know what evidence was presented to the trial court and on what
basis the trial court found that the State had exercised reasonable diligence to secure
Defendant’s availability for trial while he was incarcerated in Indiana, tolling his speedy trial
time during that period. R.C. 2945.72(A). Therefore, we cannot find that the trial court
erred in overruling Defendant’s motion to dismiss.
{¶ 23} The assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the trial court will be
affirmed.
FAIN, J., And DONOVAN, J., concur.
Copies mailed to:
Kirsten A. Brandt, Esq.
Tara C. Dancing, Esq.
Hon. Gregory F. Singer