State v. Wheatley ( 2011 )

[Cite as State v. Wheatley, 2011-Ohio-1997.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
ALLEN COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO,
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, CASE NO. 1-10-75
v.
KEVIN D. WHEATLEY, OPINION
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
Appeal from Allen County Common Pleas Court
Trial Court No. CR2010 0253
Judgment Affirmed
Date of Decision: April 25, 2011
APPEARANCES:
Rebecca S. Newman for Appellant
Jana E. Emerick for Appellee
Case No. 1-10-75
SHAW, J.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant, Kevin D. Wheatley (“Wheatley”), appeals the
October 27, 2010 judgment of the Common Pleas Court of Allen County, Ohio,
finding him guilty of one count of breaking and entering in violation of R.C.
2911.13(A), a felony of the fifth degree, and sentencing him to twelve months in
prison and 747 days in prison for violating his post-release control, which were
ordered to be served consecutively to one another.
{¶2} The facts relevant to this appeal are as follows. On the weekend of
June 5-7, 2009, Church’s United Pantry (“C.U.P.”), located in Lima, Allen
County, Ohio, which was closed all weekend, was broken into. The intruders
gained entry by breaking a 1’ x 5’ window. Officers were called to the scene,
where they discovered broken glass from the window on the outside and inside of
the building. Upon further inspection, they found blood on some of the broken
glass, the curtains, and on a refrigerator/freezer inside the business. Suzanne
Plumb, president of the board of C.U.P., was contacted and came to C.U.P., where
she discovered that a large amount of frozen meat had been stolen from the
freezer.
{¶3} Officers collected some of the glass fragments that had blood on them,
which were later tested for DNA. A fingerprint was also found on a piece of glass
at the scene and collected as evidence. Initially, the Lima Police Department had
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no suspects. However, in December of 2009, Jeremy Perrine (“Perrine”) was
arrested on an unrelated charge and his fingerprints were taken and placed in a
fingerprint database called AFIS. At that time, the police identified the
fingerprints taken from the broken glass at C.U.P. as those of Perrine’s.
Eventually, the police also discovered that the blood at the scene belonged to
Perrine.
{¶4} Detective Steve Stechschulte later located Perrine and questioned him
about the break-in at C.U.P. Perrine admitted to breaking into C.U.P. and told
Det. Stechschulte that he was with a man named Kevin whom he met at the Mary
Alice House. Perrine further described Kevin, and Det. Stechschulte was able to
determine, based upon his prior knowledge of Wheatley, that Perrine was with
Wheatley at the time of the break-in.
{¶5} On August 3, 2010, Wheatley was arrested on a warrant that was
issued for the breaking and entering of C.U.P. The following day, Det.
Stechschulte interviewed Wheatley, who was still in custody. During this
interview, Wheatley admitted to being the one who broke the window at C.U.P.
and that he told Perrine, who was much thinner, to go through the window and get
some food because he could not climb through such a small opening himself.
According to Wheatley, Perrine climbed through the window and took some food
from C.U.P. but that he, personally, never went inside. Wheatley further stated
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that he and Perrine were both heavily intoxicated at the time. This interview was
recorded on DVD.
{¶6} On September 16, 2010, Wheatley and Perrine were jointly indicted
on one count of breaking and entering, a felony of the fifth degree, in violation of
R.C. 2911.13(A). Wheatley entered a plea of not guilty at his arraignment, and his
case proceeded to a jury trial on October 26, 2010. The State presented the
testimony of three witnesses: Officer Johnny Elchert, who was one of the officers
who responded to C.U.P. after the break-in; Suzanne Plumb; and Det.
Stechschulte. The State also presented four photographs taken of C.U.P. by Off.
Elchert when he responded to the break-in and a copy of a portion of the DVD
recording of Wheatley’s interview. Wheatley presented no evidence, and the jury
returned a verdict of guilty.
{¶7} The trial court immediately proceeded to sentencing. The court noted
that Wheatley had an extensive criminal record, including prior felonies. The
court also noted that Wheatley had a prior conviction in 2001 for sexual battery,
that he had been imprisoned for that offense, and that he was on post-release
control for that offense at the time he committed the breaking and entering offense
at C.U.P. The trial court then sentenced him to prison for twelve months for
breaking and entering and for 747 days for violating post-release control, which it
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ordered to be served consecutively to the breaking and entering sentence. This
appeal followed, and Wheatley now asserts one assignment of error.
THE DEFENDANT WAS DENIED EFFECTIVE
ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL AT TRIAL IN VIOLATION OF
DEFENDANT/APPELLANT’S CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
THEREBY DENYING HIM A FAIR TRIAL.
{¶8} In his assignment of error, Wheatley asserts that his trial counsel
should have filed a motion to suppress his statement to Det. Stechschulte.
Wheatley further contends that if the motion to suppress would have been granted,
he would not have been convicted because his statement was the only evidence of
his involvement that the State presented. Thus, he maintains that his constitutional
right to competent counsel was violated.
{¶9} Initially we note that attorneys licensed by the State of Ohio are
presumed to provide competent representation. State v. Hoffman (1998), 129 Ohio
App.3d 403, 407, 717 N.E.2d 1149. An ineffective assistance of counsel claim
requires proof that trial counsel’s performance fell below objective standards of
reasonable representation and that the defendant was prejudiced as a result. State
v. Bradley (1989), 42 Ohio St.3d 136, 538 N.E.2d 373, paragraph two of the
syllabus. In reviewing such a claim, courts are to afford a high level of deference
to the performance of trial counsel. Id. at 142, 538 N.E.2d 373. Also, in order to
show that a defendant has been prejudiced by counsel’s deficient performance, the
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defendant must prove that there exists a reasonable probability that, but for
counsel’s errors, the outcome at trial or in his legal proceedings would have been
different. Id. at paragraph three of the syllabus. “Reasonable probability” is a
probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the result. Id. at 142, 538 N.E.2d
373.
{¶10} The United States Supreme Court has held that the “failure to file a
suppression motion does not constitute per se ineffective assistance of counsel.”
Kimmelman v. Morrison (1986), 477 U.S. 365, 384, 106 S.Ct. 2574, 91 L.Ed.2d
305, cited in State v. Madrigal, 87 Ohio St.3d 378, 389, 721 N.E.2d 52, 2000-
Ohio-448. There must also be a reasonable probability that the motion will be
successful. See State v. Robinson (1996), 108 Ohio App.3d 428, 433, 670 N.E.2d
1077; State v. Ligon, 3rd Dist. No. 4-2000-25, 2001-Ohio-2231. Therefore, this
Court’s determination of whether counsel for Wheatley was ineffective relies upon
whether there was a reasonable probability that a motion to suppress in this case
would have been successful.
{¶11} The seminal case of Miranda v. Arizona requires that “[a] suspect in
police custody ‘must be warned prior to any questioning that he has the right to
remain silent, that anything he says can be used against him in a court of law, that
he has the right to the presence of an attorney, and that if he cannot afford an
attorney one will be appointed for him prior to any questioning if he so desires.’”
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State v. Lather, 110 Ohio St.3d 270, 2006-Ohio-4477, 853 N.E.2d 279, ¶ 6,
quoting Miranda v. Arizona (1966), 384 U.S. 436, 479. In order for a suspect’s
waiver of his Miranda rights to be valid, the waiver must be knowingly,
intelligently, and voluntarily made. Miranda, 384 U.S. at 444. The determination
of whether a suspect validly waived his Miranda rights is made based on the
totality of the circumstances. State v. Gumm, 73 Ohio St.3d 413, 429, 1995-Ohio-
24, 653 N.E.2d 253. “The totality of the circumstances includes ‘the age,
mentality and prior criminal experience of the accused; the length, intensity, and
frequency of interrogation; the existence of physical deprivation or mistreatment;
and the existence of threat or inducement.’” State v. Campbell, 90 Ohio St.3d 320,
332, 2000-Ohio-183, 738 N.E.2d 1178, quoting State v. Edwards (1976), 49 Ohio
St.2d 31, 358 N.E.2d 1051, paragraph two of the syllabus.
{¶12} Prior to addressing the merits of this assignment of error, we note
that the record before this Court contains only a portion of the DVD recording of
Wheatley’s statement. This portion was shown at the trial, admitted as State’s
Exhibit 5, and only contains the portion of Wheatley’s interview with Det.
Stechschulte regarding the break-in at C.U.P. Exhibit 5 begins with Det.
Stechschulte reading Wheatley his Miranda rights and ends while Wheatley is in
the middle of a sentence. Thus, it is obvious that this interview contained more
information than is before this Court. In fact, Det. Stechschulte testified that the
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actual interview was longer than what was shown on Exhibit 5 but that this exhibit
contained all of his interview as it related to the C.U.P. break-in. Given this state
of the record, we can only address whether this portion of the DVD reveals
whether a suppression motion would have had a reasonable probability of being
successful. We find that it does not.
{¶13} Neither party disputes that Wheatley was in custody at the time of his
interview or that Det. Stechschulte read him the Miranda warnings. Det.
Stechschulte asked Wheatley if he understood those rights, Wheatley said that he
did, and Det. Stechschulte read the waiver portion of his Miranda rights form, and
asked Wheatley if he wanted to talk. Wheatley told the detective that he did not
know what the detective wanted him to do, and Det. Stechschulte told Wheatley
that it was his choice and that if he did not feel like talking to the detective he
could tell Det. Stechschulte to “pound sand.” Det. Stechschulte, who clearly had
prior experiences with Wheatley, told him that if he wanted to talk, all Det.
Stechschulte wanted was for Wheatley not to lie to him and further told him that
he was not trying to railroad Wheatley and had never done so in the past.
Wheatley then proceeded to admit to participating in the break-in at C.U.P.
{¶14} Wheatley, who was forty-one at the time of the interview, did not
appear to be of low intelligence, was able to speak coherently, and as noted by the
trial court and as evidenced by his criminal record that was filed in discovery, had
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prior criminal experience, having been convicted of various offenses, including
felonies. The entire length of the portion of the interview before this Court is three
minutes and forty-eight seconds. The interview was not intense, and Wheatley
was not mistreated and does not appear to have been physically deprived.
{¶15} Although Wheatley contends that the interview shows Det.
Stechschulte telling him that he could arrange for Wheatley to get out of jail if he
tells the detective that he was involved in the break-in and that he could have filed
additional charges against Wheatley, these statements are taken out of context.
{¶16} In explaining to Wheatley that he is not trying to “railroad” him, Det.
Stechschulte references a prior incident where he could have “railroaded” him if
he wanted to but that was never his desire. Further, the detective says that there
were two additional charges that he could have brought against Wheatley if he was
trying to “railroad” him but that he did not charge him with those offenses and had
no intention of charging him with them now.
{¶17} As to the assertion that Det. Stechschulte told Wheatley that he could
get him out of jail if he confessed to breaking and entering, the detective’s
statements about Wheatley being released were not mentioned until after
Wheatley confessed to breaking the window at C.U.P. and they were not promises.
Rather, Wheatley stated that he did not understand why he was in jail but Perrine
was not even though Perrine also confessed. Det. Stechschulte told Wheatley that
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he got a warrant for him on the charge because he did not know where Wheatley
was and wanted to talk to him. Wheatley once again told Det. Stechschulte about
his involvement in the break-in, and the detective then explained that he had no
problem with bond being established for Wheatley and releasing him and that he
would “go down and talk to them” because he did not have any other reason to
hold Wheatley, but he never promised Wheatley that he would arrange to have
Wheatley released from jail if he confessed. Thus, when considering the entire
context of these statements and when they occurred in the interview, we do not
find that Wheatley was threatened or promised anything in exchange for his
statement.
{¶18} In light of the totality of the circumstances of the portion of the
interview before us, Wheatley’s waiver of his Miranda rights were made
voluntarily and knowingly. Thus, there was not a reasonable probability that a
motion to suppress would have been successful, and we do not find that
Wheatley’s trial counsel was ineffective for failing to file a motion to suppress.
Accordingly, the assignment of error is overruled.
{¶19} For these reasons, the judgment of the Common Pleas Court of Allen
County, Ohio, is affirmed.
Judgment Affirmed
ROGERS, P.J., and WILLAMOWSKI, J., concur.
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