State v. Morrison , 2013 Ohio 5684 ( 2013 )

[Cite as State v. Morrison, 2013-Ohio-5684.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
ADAMS COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO, :
:
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
: Case No. 13CA959
v. :
: DECISION AND
WILLARD MORRISON, : JUDGMENT ENTRY
:
Defendant-Appellant. : Released: 12/19/2013
APPEARANCES:
Kimberly Rigby and Elizabeth Arrick, Columbus, Ohio for Appellant.
C. David Kelly, Adams County Prosecuting Attorney, and Kris D. Blanton, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, West Union, Ohio, for Appellee.
Hoover, J.
{¶ 1} This is an appeal of a judgment from the Adams County Court of Common Pleas,
which denied appellant’s motion to withdraw his plea of no contest. On October 1, 2007,
Willard Morrison, appellant-herein, pleaded no contest to two counts of Attempted Murder, first
degree felonies, in violation of R.C. 2923.02, including a Firearm Specification as to count one.
The trial court sentenced appellant to a total of twenty-five (25) years in prison. This Court
affirmed appellant’s convictions and sentence on September 15, 2008 in State v. Morrison, 4th
Dist. Adams No. 07CA854, 2008-Ohio-4913.
{¶ 2} On March 11, 2013, appellant filed a motion to withdraw his no contest plea. The
trial court denied the motion because appellant failed to meet the burden of showing manifest
injustice pursuant to Crim.R. 32.1, as it applies to post sentence motions to withdraw. Appellant
sets forth one assignment of error for review:
Adams App. No. 13CA959 2
First Assignment of Error:
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT DENIED MORRISON’S MOTION TO
WITHDRAW HIS PLEA OF NO CONTEST BECAUSE HE RECEIVED
INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL AND THUS HIS PLEAS WERE
NOT KNOWINGLY, INTELLIGENTLY, AND VOLUNTARILY ENTERED
UNDER THE SIXTH AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS TO THE
UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION, SECTION 16 ARTICLE I OF THE OHIO
CONSTITUTIONS, AND CRIM. R. 32.1
For the following reasons, appellant’s appeal is barred by the doctrine of res judicata.
Accordingly, we overrule appellant’s sole assignment of error and affirm the judgment of the
trial court.
I. Facts And Procedural History
{¶ 3} The facts are the same as we detailed in appellant’s direct appeal, State v.
Morrison, 4th Dist. Adams No. 07CA854, 2008-Ohio-4913, ¶ 2-6 (hereinafter “Morrison I”) :
On September 5, 2005, Sergeant Rex Branham of the Adams County
Sheriff's Department, while in uniform and on duty, stopped a vehicle driven by
Morrison at the intersection of State Routes 125 and 348. Morrison exited his
vehicle and fired gunshots in the direction of Sergeant Branham with an SKS
assault rifle. The shots did not strike Sergeant Branham, but they struck his
marked police cruiser. After firing the shots, Morrison returned to his vehicle and
fled the scene.
Sergeant Branham pursued Morrison in his police cruiser until Branham's
cruiser became inoperable close to Compton Hill Road. Morrison then made a
Adams App. No. 13CA959 3
sudden u-turn at the intersection of Compton Hill Road, drove back toward
Sergeant Branham's disabled police cruiser at a high rate of speed and rammed the
police cruiser head-on. As a result, Sergeant Branham and Morrison both suffered
severe injuries.
A grand jury indicted Morrison on two counts of attempted murder, first
degree felonies in violation of R.C. 2903.02 and R.C. 2923.02. The first count
included a gun specification. Morrison entered not guilty pleas.
After Morrison underwent competency evaluations, the court deemed
Morrison competent to stand trial. Morrison then withdrew his not guilty pleas
and entered pleas of no contest to both counts of attempted murder and the gun
specification. The court accepted his pleas and found Morrison guilty as charged.
The court sentenced Morrison to ten years in prison on the [sic] count one
attempted murder plus an additional seven years on the gun specification. The
court sentenced Morrison to eight years in prison on the count two attempted
murder. The court ordered that all three terms of prison run consecutive to each
other, for a total prison sentence of twenty-five years.
On direct appeal in Morrison I, appellant set out the following assignments of error:
(1) THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT SENTENCED MR. MORRISON
BASED ON A NO CONTEST PLEA THAT WAS NO KNOWING,
INTELLIGENT, AND VOLUNTARY UNDER THE FIFTH AND
FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED STATES
CONSTITUTION, SECTION 16, ARTICLE I OF THE OHIO CONSTITUTION,
AND CRIM.R. 11;
Adams App. No. 13CA959 4
(2) WHERE THE TRIAL COURT DOES NOT MERGE FOR PURPOSES OF
SENTENCING DUPLICATIVE CRIMINAL COUNTS, THE CONSECUTIVE
SENTENCES THAT RESULT ARE VOID. FURTHERMORE, THE
SENTENCE MUST BE VACATED BECAUSE IT VIOLATES DOUBLE
JEOPARDY PROTECTIONS AND DUE PROCESS OF LAW;
(3) MR. MORRISON WAS DENIED THE EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF
COUNSEL WHERE TRIAL COUNSEL: 1) FAILED TO PURSUE WHETHER
HIS CLIENT WAS CAPABLE OF UNDERSTANDING HIS PLEA OF “NO
CONTEST” BEFORE ENTERING IT; AND 2) FAILED TO PROVIDE THE
TRIAL COURT WITH ANY LEGAL POSITION ON MERGER OF THE
SENTENCES FOR THE TWO COUNTS OF ATTEMPTED MERGER,
DESPITE HIS ASSURANCE TO THE COURT THAT HE WOULD PROVIDE
THAT ARGUMENT FOR THE TRIAL COURT'S ASSISTANCE BEFORE IT
SENTENCED MR. MORRISON. COUNSEL'S FAILURES DEPRIVED MR.
MORRISON OF HIS RIGHTS TO COUNSEL AND DUE PROCESS UNDER
THE OHIO AND UNITED STATES CONSTITUTIONS; and (4)
APPLICATION OF THE FEBRUARY 27, 2006 FOSTER RULING TO
EVENTS OCCURRING ON SEPTEMBER 5, 2005 IS AN
UNCONSTITUTIONAL APPLICATION OF RETROACTIVITY IN
SENTENCING.
As previously mentioned, on September 15, 2008, we overruled appellant’s assignments of error
and affirmed his convictions.
Adams App. No. 13CA959 5
{¶ 4} On March 24, 2010, appellant, pro se, filed a Motion to Withdraw No Contest Plea
alleging he was misled into a plea of no contest upon the erroneous advice of counsel. On March
31, 2010, appellant, pro se, filed a Motion to Void Judgment asserting various legal arguments.
On April 7, 2010, appellant filed two pro se motions, a Motion Requesting Duration of
Sentencing and a Motion Requesting Juvenile Record.
{¶ 5} On July 16, 2010 the trial court addressed each motion separately, denying three
and finding one moot. On September 17, 2012, appellant, represented by counsel, filed a Motion
to Withdraw Plea of No Contest. Appellant attached three new affidavits to this motion. The
first affidavit, marked as Exhibit 1, is the sworn statement of appellant’s trial counsel, Eric
Wrage. In the affidavit, Mr. Wrage states that he “really thought that the Judge was going to
sentence Morrison to 10 years, or something similar. *** I know Willard believed the same, as
we had discussed the possible sentences, and I advised Willard of my ultimate opinion.” Mr.
Wrage also stated that he thought the two counts of attempted murder would merge.
{¶ 6} The second affidavit, marked Exhibit 2, is a written statement from Willard
Morrison. The third affidavit, marked Exhibit 3, is a written statement from April Lee Brooks,
appellant’s daughter.
{¶ 7} On March 11, 2013, the trial court denied appellant’s Motion to Withdraw Plea of
No Contest. Appellant filed this timely appeal on April 10, 2013.
II. Assignment Of Error
{¶ 8} In his sole assignment of error, appellant argues that the trial court erred when it
denied his Motion to Withdraw Plea of No Contest. Appellant states that he received ineffective
assistance of counsel; and thus, his pleas were not knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily
entered under the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, Article I,
Adams App. No. 13CA959 6
Section 16 of the Ohio Constitution, and Crim.R. 32.1. Appellee, the State of Ohio, contends
that appellant’s arguments have already been heard by this Court and have been overruled.
A. Legal Standard
{¶ 9} Under Crim.R. 32.1, a trial court may grant a post-sentence motion to withdraw a
guilty or no contest plea only to correct a manifest injustice. State v. Dotson, 4th Dist.
Washington No. 03CA53, 2004-Ohio-2768, ¶ 5. The Supreme Court of Ohio has defined
“manifest injustice” as a clear or openly unjust act. Id. citing State ex rel. Schneider v. Kreiner,
83 Ohio St.3d 203, 208, 699 N.E.2d 83 (1998). This standard permits a defendant to withdraw
his plea only in extraordinary cases. Dotson, supra; State v. Smith, 49 Ohio St.2d 261, 264, 361
N.E.2d 1324 (1977).
{¶ 10} The decision to grant or deny a Crim.R. 32.1 motion is committed to the sound
discretion of the trial court. State v. Zinn, 4th Dist. Jackson No. 04CA1, 2005-Ohio-525, ¶ 14
citing Smith at paragraph two of the syllabus. We will not reverse a trial court's decision absent
an abuse of discretion. Id. citing State v. Xie, 62 Ohio St.3d 521, 584 N.E.2d 715 (1992). An
abuse of discretion is more than an error of judgment; it connotes an attitude on the part of the
court that is unreasonable, unconscionable, or arbitrary. Id. citing State v. Clark, 71 Ohio St.3d
466, 470, 644 N.E.2d 331(1994).
{¶ 11} A threshold issue in this appeal is whether appellant’s arguments are barred by
the doctrine of res judicata. “Under the doctrine of res judicata, a final judgment of conviction
bars a convicted defendant who was represented by counsel from raising and litigating in any
proceeding except an appeal from that judgment, any defense or any claimed lack of due process
that was raised or could have been raised by the defendant at the trial, which resulted in that
judgment of conviction, or on an appeal from that judgment.” State v. Smith, 4th Dist. Ross No.
Adams App. No. 13CA959 7
09CA3128, 2011-Ohio-664, ¶ 10 quoting State v. Perry, 10 Ohio St.2d 175, 226 N.E.2d 104,
(1967) paragraph 9 of the syllabus. Additionally, res judicata applies to proceedings involving
postconviction relief. Id. citing State v. Szefcyk, 77 Ohio St.3d 93, 95, 671 N.E.2d 233 (1996).
However, the application of res judicata in postconviction proceedings is not absolute.
{¶ 12} “The doctrine of res judicata may be overcome in a postconviction proceeding if
the petitioner presents competent, relevant, and material evidence outside the record.” Smith at ¶
11. See also, State v. Smith, 17 Ohio St.3d 98, 101, 477 N.E.2d 1128 (1985), fn.1. “However,
the evidence presented outside the record must meet some threshold standard of cogency;
otherwise, it would be too easy to defeat the res judicata doctrine by simply attaching as exhibits
evidence which is only marginally significant and does not advance the petitioner's claim beyond
mere hypothesis and a desire for further discovery.” Id. (Citations omitted). “Moreover, claims
that could have been raised based on evidence in the record are also barred by res judicata even
though the petitioner may have presented some additional evidence outside the record.” Id.citing State v. Cole, 2 Ohio St.3d 112, 443 N.E.2d 169 (1982) at the syllabus, and State v. Combs,
100 Ohio App.3d 90, 97, 652 N.E.2d 205 (1994).
B. Analysis
{¶ 13} On direct appeal in Morrison I, appellant argued that (1) his pleas of no contest
were not made knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily, (2) the trial court failed to merge his
two attempted murder offense into one conviction, and (3) he received ineffective assistance of
counsel. This Court overruled these arguments and affirmed his convictions.
{¶ 14} In the case sub judice, appellant alleges that his trial counsel was ineffective in
two ways: (1) counsel advised him that he was facing a maximum of 17 years in prison and (2)
counsel failed to request merger on the two counts of attempted murder. Appellant then argues
Adams App. No. 13CA959 8
under the second prong of Strickland that he was prejudiced by counsel’s ineffectiveness.
Specifically, appellant claims that his counsel’s bad advice resulted in his plea being less than
knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily entered.
{¶ 15} To establish constitutionally ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must
show (1) that his counsel’s performance was deficient and (2) that the deficient performance
prejudiced the defense and deprived him of a fair trial. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668,
687, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984); see also State v. Issa, 93 Ohio St.3d 49, 67, 752
N.E.2d 904 (2001); State v. Goff, 82 Ohio St.3d 123, 139, 694 N.E.2d 916 (1998).
{¶ 16} The problem here is that appellant’s arguments may be barred by the application
of res judicata. In Morrison I, the issue of a voluntary plea was argued by appellant and
addressed by this Court. We stated:
*** Morrison did not initially understand for certain (1) the nature of the
mandatory sentence with regard to the gun specification, and (2) the concept of
merger. However, after further explanation by the court, Morrison clearly and
unequivocally responded that he understood the information explained to him by
the court. As such, we find that, under the totality of the circumstances, Morrison
subjectively understood the implications of his no contest pleas and the rights he
was waiving. Consequently, we find that Morrison knowingly, intelligently, and
voluntarily entered his pleas.
Id. at ¶ 14.
Therefore, we cannot now address whether appellant entered a voluntary plea, as we have
already concluded that he did.
Adams App. No. 13CA959 9
{¶ 17} Furthermore, appellant also seeks to reargue the issue pertaining to merger of the
two counts of attempted murder. In Morrison I, in his second assignment of error, appellant
argued that the trial court erred when it failed to merge the counts. Also, appellant argued in his
third assignment of error that his counsel failed to provide the trial court with a legal position for
the merger of the two counts. We specifically addressed and concluded that the trial court did
not err when it did not merge the two counts of attempted murder. We stated:
Morrison's separate acts did not occur in rapid succession. In addition, Morrison
used a gun to commit the first attempted murder and used his vehicle to commit
the second attempted murder. As such, we find that these offenses were
committed separately. Consequently, we find that the court did not err when it
failed to merge the two counts of attempted murder into one conviction.
Id. at ¶ 27.
As a result, under the Strickland two prong test, even if counsel was deficient in not filing a
motion on merger, appellant cannot argue prejudice when we previously affirmed the trial
court’s judgment to keep the counts separate. Therefore, we find the two claims alleged to
demonstrate ineffective assistance of counsel, involuntary plea and merger, are barred by the
doctrine of res judicata.
{¶ 18} As set out in our legal standard, the doctrine of res judicata can be overcome if
new evidence outside of the record meets “some threshold standard of cogency.” The three
affidavits, attached to appellant’s Motion to Withdraw Plea of No Contest, demonstrate an
argument for ineffective assistance of counsel. Mr. Wrage’s affidavit confirms that he believed
the counts of attempted murder would merge; and appellant would receive a ten-year sentence.
According to appellant’s affidavit he believed he could receive no more than seventeen years in
Adams App. No. 13CA959 10
prison. Appellant’s daughter, April Brooks, also states that she believed the sentence would be
ten to fifteen years. She also states that she believes Mr. Wrage was distracted during her
father’s case due to personal issues.
{¶ 19} The affidavits certainly set forth an argument that Mr. Wrage was deficient in his
representation of appellant. However, this new evidence only supports an issue that was already
available and argued on direct appeal. In Morrison I, appellant raised the ineffective assistance
of counsel argument in his third assignment of error and we concluded:
Here, Morrison bases his ineffective assistance of counsel claim on the arguments
he made in his first and second assignments of error [appellant’s plea was not
knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily entered and that two counts of attempted
murder should have been merged]. However, we did not find error in either
assignment of error. *** Consequently, Morrison did not have the ineffective
assistance of counsel.
Id. at ¶ 32.
As we have analyzed, the issues addressed and decided in Morrison I, mirror the arguments set
forth in this appeal. The affidavits only provide more evidence of a previously adjudicated claim,
and do not set forth a separate, dissimilar issue that was unavailable on direct appeal.
{¶ 20} Therefore, for the preceding reasons, we find appellant’s sole assignment of error
is barred by the doctrine of res judicata. The three affidavits presented here do not defeat the
doctrine’s application. Appellant’s sole assignment of error is overruled and the judgment of the
trial court is affirmed.
JUDGMENT AFFIRMED.
Adams App. No. 13CA959 11
Harsha, J. concurring:
{¶ 21} I agree that the merger issue Morrison attempts to raise in a September 17, 2012
motion to withdraw his plea is barred by res judicata because he could have, but did not, raise it
in his direct appeal. However, the same cannot be said for the issue of counsel’s advice on
sentencing. A direct appeal would not have been the proper forum because that issue relies on
evidence outside the record. However, res judicata still precludes our consideration of the issue
because Morrison could have but failed to raise it in his March 24, 2010 pro se motion to
withdraw his plea. Thus, I concur in judgment only in that regard.
Adams App. No. 13CA959 12
JUDGMENT ENTRY
It is ordered that the JUDGMENT IS AFFIRMED. Appellant shall pay the costs herein
taxed.
The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing the Adams County
Common Pleas Court to carry this judgment into execution.
IF A STAY OF EXECUTION OF SENTENCE AND RELEASE UPON BAIL HAS
BEEN PREVIOUSLY GRANTED BY THE TRIAL COURT OR THIS COURT, it is
temporarily continued for a period not to exceed sixty days upon the bail previously posted. The
purpose of a continued stay is to allow Appellant to file with the Supreme Court of Ohio an
application for a stay during the pendency of the proceedings in that court. If a stay is continued
by this entry, it will terminate at the earliest of the expiration of the sixty day period, or the
failure of the Appellant to file a notice of appeal with the Supreme Court of Ohio in the forty-
five day appeal period pursuant to Rule II, Sec. 2 of the Rules of Practice of the Supreme Court
of Ohio. Additionally, if the Supreme Court of Ohio dismisses the appeal prior to the expiration
of sixty days, the stay will terminate as of the date of such dismissal.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.
Harsha, J.: Concurs with Concurring Opinion.
McFarland, P.J.: Concurs in Judgment Only.
For the Court
By:
Marie Hoover, Judge
NOTICE TO COUNSEL
Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final judgment entry and the
time period for further appeal commences from the date of filing with the clerk.