State v. Quarterman , 2013 Ohio 4037 ( 2013 )

[Cite as State v. Quarterman, 2013-Ohio-4037.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 99317
STATE OF OHIO
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
ANTWAN QUARTERMAN
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT:
AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART
AND REMANDED
Criminal Appeal from the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-565028
BEFORE: E.A. Gallagher, J., Stewart, A.J., and Jones, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: September 19, 2013
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Joseph Vincent Pagano
P.O. Box 16869
Rocky River, Ohio 44116
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Timothy J. McGinty
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
By: Holly Welsh
Assistant County Prosecutor
The Justice Center, 9th Floor
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, J.:
{¶1} Antwan Quarterman appeals the judgment of the Cuyahoga County Court
of Common Pleas. For the following reasons, we affirm in part, reverse in part and
remand for resentencing.
{¶2} A true bill indictment was returned against Quarterman charging him with
three counts of aggravated robbery, two counts of kidnapping, two counts of felonious
assault and one count of petty theft. One- and three-year firearm specifications were
attached to each of the felony counts. The case proceeded to a bench trial where the
following facts were elicited.
{¶3} At approximately 11:00 p.m. on April 11, 2012, Eric Simmons was walking
with his sister, Rayn Simmons and, as they passed a bus stop near the intersection of
Superior and E. 123, they were approached by two males whom they did not know. The
shorter of the two males produced a gun and ordered them to “come here.” Eric and
Rayn stopped and a struggle ensued when Eric attempted to grab the gun from the
gunman. Eventually the two separated and the gunman began to fire the gun at Eric.
Eric fled into a dark alley, pursued by the gunman who continued to fire at him. While
the gunman was pursuing Eric, his accomplice was robbing Rayn of her purse and phone.
The gunman then turned to Rayn and pointed his gun directly at her face to assist in the
robbery at that time. Eric emerged from the alley and was shot in his left hip by the
gunman. Both robbers then fled the scene.
{¶4} Eric suffered nerve damage when the bullet passed through his hip and into
his bowels. He was hospitalized for twenty-seven days.
{¶5} In May 2012, police showed to Eric and Rayn photo arrays but they were
unable to identify anyone as being involved in the robbery. Eric and Rayn viewed photo
arrays again in July 2012, and both identified appellant as being involved in the robbery.
{¶6} At trial Eric testified that appellant was not the gunman but was the man
who was robbing his sister while he was being shot. Eric admitted however, that he did
not get a good look at the robber. Rayn identified appellant as the gunman and testified
that she remembered his facial features, particularly his eyes and eyebrows. Rayn
testified that in selecting appellant from a police photo array she indicated that she was
only 60% certain of the identification because the appellant’s hair in the photograph was
different from the night of the robbery.
{¶7} At the conclusion of trial, appellant made a motion for acquittal as to all
counts, pursuant to Crim.R. 29. The trial court denied the motion.
{¶8} At sentencing, the trial court merged several of the charges as allied offenses
of similar import. The aggravated robbery, kidnapping and petty theft relating to Rayn
were merged. The aggravated robbery and kidnapping charges relating to Eric were
merged. Finally the two felonious assault charges relating to Eric were merged. The
state elected to proceed to sentencing on the two aggravated robbery charges associated
with Eric and Rayn and the felonious assault in violation of R.C. 2903.11(A)(2). The
trial court imposed prison terms of four years for each of the aggravated robbery charges
along with three years on the firearm specifications attached to both counts. The trial
court imposed a prison term of eight years on the felonious assault conviction in addition
to three years on the attached firearm specification. The trial court merged all firearm
specifications for the purpose of sentencing. Finally, the trial court ordered that the four
year prison term for each aggravated robbery conviction be served consecutive to one
another but concurrent to the eight year sentence for felonious assault, for a cumulative
prison term of 11 years.1
{¶9} Appellant’s four assignments of error are as follows:
Assignment of Error I
The trial court erred when it denied appellant’s motion for acquittal under
Crim.R. 29 because the state failed to present sufficient evidence to
establish beyond a reasonable doubt the elements necessary to support the
convictions.
Assignment of Error II
Appellant’s convictions are against the manifest weight of the evidence.
Assignment of Error III
The admission of the unauthenticated pretrial photographic array
identification evidence at appellant’s trial was plain error or the result of
ineffective assistance of counsel in violation of appellant’s state and
constitutional rights.
We note that the trial court’s journal entry does not report the manner of
1
conviction or the state’s election of merged counts for sentencing. We direct the
trial court to correct these omissions upon remand.
Assignment of Error IV
Appellant’s sentence is contrary to law and an abuse of discretion.
{¶10} Regarding appellant’s first assignment of error, this court has said that in
evaluating a sufficiency of the evidence argument, courts are to assess not whether the
state’s evidence is to be believed but whether, if believed, the evidence against a
defendant would support a conviction. State v. Givan, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 94609,
2011-Ohio-100, ¶ 13, citing State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 386, 1997-Ohio-52,
678 N.E.2d 541. The relevant inquiry then is whether, after viewing the evidence in a
light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the
essential elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt. Id.{¶11} Appellant first argues that the state presented insufficient evidence
identifying him and his role in the robbery. Appellant specifically takes issue with the
differing testimony of Eric and Rayn as to his role. We begin by noting that Ohio’s
complicity statute, R.C. 2923.03, provides that no person acting with the required
culpability shall aid or abet another in committing an offense. Such person shall be
prosecuted and punished as if he were a principal offender and a charge of complicity
may be stated in terms of the complicity section or in terms of the principal offense. See
R.C. 2923.03(F). Although the victims’ testimony differed as to the role of appellant,
both witnesses identified him as one of the two men acting in complicity to commit the
offenses in this case. The state presented sufficient identity evidence that appellant was
either the principal or an accomplice to each of the offenses. See, e.g., State v. Higbee,
2d Dist. Miami No. 07-CA-13, 2007-Ohio-6135, ¶ 10.
{¶12} In addition to his general objection to the sufficiency of the identity
evidence as to all counts, appellant further argues that there was insufficient evidence to
support guilty verdicts and convictions for aggravated robbery, kidnapping and felonious
assault.
{¶13} With respect to the aggravated robbery of Eric, appellant argues that there
was insufficient evidence offered as to anyone robbing or attempting to rob Eric. We
disagree. Counts 2 and 3 charged appellant with aggravated robbery of Eric in violation
of R.C. 2911.01(A)(1) and (3) respectively. R.C. 2911.01(A) provides:
A) No person, in attempting or committing a theft offense, as defined in
section 2913.01 of the Revised Code, or in fleeing immediately after the
attempt or offense, shall do any of the following:
(1) Have a deadly weapon on or about the offender’s person or under the
offender’s control and either display the weapon, brandish it, indicate that
the offender possesses it, or use it;
***
(3) Inflict, or attempt to inflict, serious physical harm on another.
{¶14} The evidence, viewed in a light most favorable to the prosecution, was that
appellant and a companion confronted both Eric and Rayn at gunpoint, intended to rob
them both and were only unsuccessful in the attempt to rob Eric because Eric resisted and
fled into an alley. The evidence similarly revealed that, during the attempted theft, one
of those men shot Eric in the hip resulting in serious physical harm to him.
{¶15} Appellant next argues that the kidnapping charges set forth in Counts 4
and 5 were not supported by sufficient evidence. In both counts, appellant was charged
with violating R.C. 2905.01(A)(2) which provides:
(A) No person, by force, threat, or deception, or, in the case of a victim
under the age of thirteen or mentally incompetent, by any means, shall
remove another from the place where the other person is found or restrain
the liberty of the other person, for any of the following purposes:
***
(2) To facilitate the commission of any felony or flight thereafter * * *.
{¶16} Appellant argues that no evidence was presented to demonstrate that
appellant removed or restrained the liberty of either Eric or Rayn. Again, we disagree.
The evidence demonstrated that appellant and his accomplice confronted Eric and Rayn,
at gunpoint, with the purpose of committing a robbery. Eric testified that the gunman
ordered them to “come here” while pointing a handgun at them. As a result of the threat
and demand, both Eric and Rayn who at the time were passing by appellant and his
accomplice stopped walking and raised their hands in compliance.
{¶17} Finally appellant argues that insufficient evidence was presented to
support the felonious assault charges. Counts 6 and 7 charged appellant with felonious
assault of Eric in violation of R.C. 2903.11(A)(1) and (2) respectively. R.C.
2903.11(A) provides:
(A) No person shall knowingly do either of the following:
(1) Cause serious physical harm to another or to another’s unborn;
(2) Cause or attempt to cause physical harm to another or to another’s
unborn by means of a deadly weapon or dangerous ordnance.
{¶18} We find appellant’s argument without merit. The evidence was that
either appellant or his accomplice fired repeated gunshots at Eric before Eric fled into a
dark alley. Once the gun was pointed at Rayn’s face, Eric emerged from hiding, was
shot and was seriously wounded.
{¶19} Appellant’s first assignment of error is overruled.
{¶20} Regarding appellant’s second assignment of error, a manifest weight
challenge questions whether the prosecution met its burden of persuasion. State v. Byrd,
8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 98037, 2012-Ohio-5728, ¶ 27. When considering a manifest
weight challenge, a reviewing court reviews the entire record, weighs the evidence and
all reasonable inferences therefrom, considers the credibility of the witnesses and
determines whether the finder of fact clearly lost its way. State v. Jackson, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 86542, 2006-Ohio-1938, ¶ 29. A reviewing court may reverse the
judgment of conviction if it appears that the trier of fact clearly lost its way and created
such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial
ordered. Id.{¶21} In light of the evidence presented at trial, particularly the identification of
appellant as one of the men involved in the robbery by both victim witnesses, we cannot
say that the finder of fact clearly lost its way in finding appellant guilty of the above
crimes.
{¶22} Appellant’s second assignment of error is overruled.
{¶23} Regarding appellant’s third assignment of error,
When a witness has been confronted with a suspect before trial, due
process requires a court to suppress her identification of the suspect if the
confrontation was unnecessarily suggestive of the suspect’s guilt and the
identification was unreliable under all the circumstances.
State v. Payne, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 90230, 2008-Ohio-3149, ¶ 26-27, quoting State
v. Waddy, 63 Ohio St.3d 424, 438, 588 N.E.2d 819 (1992).
{¶24} Appellant did not file a motion to suppress the pretrial identification
evidence nor did he raise any objection to the admissibility of the photo array. He,
therefore, failed to comply with the requirements of Crim.R. 12(C)(3) and (D) to support
the exclusion of this evidence. Under Crim.R. 12(H), he has waived all but plain error
on appeal. State v. Yates, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 96774, 2012-Ohio-919, ¶ 41.
{¶25} Crim.R. 52(B) states that plain errors or defects that affect substantial
rights may be grounds for reversal even though they were not brought to the attention of
the trial court. Notice of plain error, however, applies only under exceptional
circumstances to prevent a manifest miscarriage of justice. State v. Long, 53 Ohio St.2d
91, 372 N.E.2d 804 (1978), paragraph three of the syllabus. Plain error does not exist
unless it can be said that but for the error, the outcome of the trial would have clearly
been otherwise. State v. Moreland, 50 Ohio St.3d 58, 62, 552 N.E.2d 894 (1990).
{¶26} We find no plain error in this instance. The defendant has the burden to
show the identification procedure was unduly suggestive. State v. Harris, 2d Dist.
Montgomery No. 19796, 2004-Ohio-3570, ¶ 19. If the defendant meets that burden, the
court must then consider whether the identification, viewed under the totality of the
circumstances, is reliable despite its suggestive character. In this case, appellant’s
argument that the photo arrays were unduly suggestive stems from testimony by Eric
Simmons where he notes that he was shown two different photos featuring appellant with
different hair styles. Appellant failed to elicit further testimony exploring the context of
the administration of these lineups and, as previously noted, did not file a motion to
suppress this evidence. As such, appellant has failed to satisfy his burden of showing
that the identification procedure was unduly suggestive.
{¶27} Even if we assumed that the identification procedure in this case was
unduly suggestive, both victims made an in-court identification of appellant as one of the
men involved in the robbery thus rendering the photo array identification duplicative.
Because the photo array was duplicative evidence, we cannot say the outcome of the trial
would have been different had the photo array been excluded. See, e.g., State v. Brown,
8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 80412, 2002-Ohio-4577, ¶ 23. Consequently, the admission
does not rise to the level of plain error. Furthermore, the present case was a bench trial
and we note that appellate courts presume that a trial court considered only relevant and
admissible evidence in a bench trial. State v. Crawford, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 98605,
2013-Ohio-1659, ¶ 61; State v. Chandler, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 81817,
2003-Ohio-6037, ¶ 17.
{¶28} Appellant next argues that the photo array evidence was not authenticated
pursuant to Evid.R. 901(A) and thus there is no way to discern, from the record, that the
photo arrays were administered in compliance with the law. The state acknowledged at
oral argument that it did not follow the traditional route of introducing the photographic
array evidence by calling the blind administrators to provide foundation testimony
regarding the process. The state took the position that such testimony was unnecessary
in a bench trial where the judge was presumably familiar with photographic array
administration procedures. We disagree with the state’s position which assumes
compliance with the law by the administrator and provide a cautionary warning on such
reliance in the future. However, the record reflects that the admission of the photo
arrays was addressed by the court prior to trial. Appellant indicated to the trial court his
intent not to move to suppress the state’s photo array evidence and further stipulated to
the authenticity of all the documents the state intended to introduce. In light of this
authenticity stipulation, appellant’s present criticism of the state’s decision not to call the
police officers who administered the photo arrays rings hollow.
{¶29} Appellant further argues that the photo arrays violate R.C. 2933.83 and
broadly concludes that a “blind administrator” was not used to conduct the photo arrays
because the arrays exist in a traditional “six-pack” form rather than the folder system
addressed in R.C. 2933.83.2 Appellant’s argument is misplaced. We have previously
held that R.C. 2933.83 does not require the use of the “folder system” but, rather, the
“folder system” is one system that can be used by law enforcement for photo lineups.
State v. Wells, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 98388, 2013-Ohio-3722, ¶ 77, citing State v.
Winters, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-12-1041, 2013-Ohio-2370, ¶ 42.
{¶30} Finally, appellant argues that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to
file a motion to suppress the victims’ photo array identifications. We disagree. Trial
counsel will not be deemed ineffective “unless and until counsel’s performance is proved
to have fallen below an objective standard of reasonable representation and, in addition,
prejudice arises from counsel’s performance.” State v. Carey, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
88487, 2007-Ohio-3073, ¶ 24, quoting State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136, 538 N.E.2d
373 (1989), paragraph two of the syllabus. To demonstrate prejudice, appellant must
show that there exists a reasonable probability that, were it not for counsel’s errors, the
result of the trial would have been different. Id.The cover sheets to the photo arrays in fact indicate that a blind administrator was used in the
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administration of the arrays. This is reflected in all but one of the arrays. In that array the cover
sheet was not filled out at all. However appellant was not featured or identified in that particular
photo array.
{¶31} As we addressed above, the record lacks significant evidence to support
appellant’s contention that the photo arrays were unduly suggestive and even if
appellant’s trial counsel had been successful in excluding the arrays the outcome of the
trial would not have been different. See, e.g., State v. Abercrombie, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga
No. 63689, 1993 Ohio App. LEXIS 4238 (Appellant was not prejudiced where trial
counsel failed to move to suppress photo array evidence where such evidence was at best
cumulative.) Additionally, we note that the introduction of the photo arrays added little
to the state’s case while simultaneously providing appellant’s trial counsel with an
opportunity to call into question the reliability of any identifications made by the
witnesses. Rayn, who had the best view of the appellant, identified two other suspects as
potentially involved in the robbery despite agreement by both witnesses that only two
men were involved. Although Eric also identified appellant as being involved, in the
photo arrays that he was shown, he identified a completely different person as appellant’s
accomplice from the two men identified by Rayn. The decision by appellant’s trial
counsel to not move to suppress the photo arrays appears to be a strategic decision to
explore these inconsistencies that he would not have had if the arrays were excluded.
{¶32} Appellant’s third assignment of error is overruled.
{¶33} Regarding appellant’s fourth assignment of error, we begin by noting that
this court no longer applies the abuse of discretion standard of State v. Kalish, 120 Ohio
St.3d 23, 2008-Ohio-4912, 896 N.E.2d 124, when reviewing a felony sentence. State v.
A.H., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 98622, 2013-Ohio-2525, ¶ 7. Instead, we follow the
standard of review set forth in R.C. 2953.08(G)(2), which provides in relevant part:
The court hearing an appeal under division (A), (B), or (C) of this section
shall review the record, including the findings underlying the sentence or
modification given by the sentencing court.
The appellate court may increase, reduce, or otherwise modify a sentence
that is appealed under this section or may vacate the sentence and remand
the matter to the sentencing court for resentencing. The appellate court’s
standard for review is not whether the sentencing court abused its
discretion. The appellate court may take any action authorized by this
division if it clearly and convincingly finds either of the following:
(a) That the record does not support the sentencing court’s findings under
division (B) or (D) of section 2929.13, division (B)(2)(e) or (C)(4) of
section 2929.14, or division (I) of section 2929.20 of the Revised Code,
whichever, if any, is relevant;
(b) That the sentence is otherwise contrary to law.
{¶34} Appellant contends that the trial court failed to make the necessary
findings pursuant to R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) before imposing consecutive prison terms at
sentencing. Am.Sub.H.B. No. 86, which became effective on September 30, 2011,
“revived” R.C. 2929.14(E)(4) and reinstated the requirement that trial courts make
factual findings on specified issues before imposing consecutive sentences. State v.
Matthews, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 97916, 2012-Ohio-5174, ¶ 45.
{¶35} R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) provides:
If multiple prison terms are imposed on an offender for convictions of
multiple offenses, the court may require the offender to serve the prison
terms consecutively if the court finds that the consecutive service is
necessary to protect the public from future crime or to punish the offender
and that consecutive sentences are not disproportionate to the seriousness
of the offender’s conduct and to the danger the offender poses to the public,
and if the court also finds any of the following:
(a) The offender committed one or more of the multiple offenses while the
offender was awaiting trial or sentencing, was under a sanction imposed
pursuant to section 2929.16, 2929.17, or 2929.18 of the Revised Code, or
was under postrelease control for a prior offense.
(b) At least two of the multiple offenses were committed as part of one or
more courses of conduct, and the harm caused by two or more of the
multiple offenses so committed was so great or unusual that no single
prison term for any of the offenses committed as part of any of the courses
of conduct adequately reflects the seriousness of the offender’s conduct.
(c) The offender’s history of criminal conduct demonstrates that
consecutive sentences are necessary to protect the public from future crime
by the offender.
{¶36} A trial court is not required to use talismanic words to comply with the
guidelines and factors for sentencing. Matthews at ¶ 48. But it must be clear from the
record that the trial court actually made the findings required by statute. A trial court
satisfies this statutory requirement when the record reflects that the court has engaged in
the required analysis and has selected the appropriate statutory criteria. Matthews at ¶
48.
{¶37} The record in the present case does not reflect that the trial court made the
requisite findings pursuant to R.C. 2929.14(C)(4). We find that the trial court erred in
imposing consecutive sentences without making the requisite findings.
{¶38} Appellant’s fourth assignment of error is sustained.
{¶39} Judgment affirmed in part and reversed in part; case remanded for
resentencing and to correct the journal entry.
It is ordered that appellant and appellee share the costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common
pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s convictions having
been affirmed, any bail pending appeal is terminated. Case remanded to the trial court
for execution of sentence.
EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, JUDGE
MELODY J. STEWART, A.J., and
LARRY A. JONES, SR., J., CONCUR