State v. Nurse , 2013 Ohio 785 ( 2013 )

[Cite as State v. Nurse, 2013-Ohio-785.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT )
STATE OF OHIO C.A. No. 26363
Appellee
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
ENTERED IN THE
TERRELL DOENTEZ NURSE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
Appellant CASE No. CR 11 10 2817 (B)
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: March 6, 2013
BELFANCE, Presiding Judge.
{¶1} Terrell Nurse appeals his convictions for aggravated robbery and aggravated
burglary. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm.
I.
{¶2} On September 26, 2011, four men entered the home of Reba Alexander and
Jaunte Smith. The four were alleged to have been Mr. Nurse, “Bernard,”1 Raeshawn Fain, and
Anthony Shellman. The men proceeded to rob Mr. Smith and Ms. Alexander at gun point,
stealing Ms. Alexander’s purse, which contained $200 and important documents, and her son’s
lunchbox. Following a bench trial, Mr. Nurse was convicted of aggravated burglary and two
counts of aggravated robbery, along with an underlying firearm specification for each count.
The trial court sentenced him to an aggregate term of seven years in prison. Mr. Nurse has
appealed, raising five assignments of error for our review.
1
Bernard’s last name was never established.
2
II.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I
THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR WHEN IT
OVERRULED MR. NURSE’S CRIM.[R]. 29(A) MOTION FOR JUDGMENT
OF ACQUITTAL BECAUSE THE EVIDENCE WAS INSUFFICIENT TO
SUPPORT A CONVICTION FOR AGGRAVATED ROB[B]ERY AND
AGGRA[VA]TED BURG[LA]RY
{¶3} In Mr. Nurse’s first assignment of error, he argues that the trial court erred in
denying his Crim.R. 29 motion because the State failed to produce sufficient evidence that he
had committed aggravated robbery and aggravated burglary. We disagree.
{¶4} “We review a denial of a defendant’s Crim.R. 29 motion for acquittal by
assessing the sufficiency of the State’s evidence.” State v. Slevin, 9th Dist. No. 25956, 2012–
Ohio–2043, ¶ 15. “Whether a conviction is supported by sufficient evidence is a question of law
that this Court reviews de novo.” State v. Williams, 9th Dist. No. 24731, 2009–Ohio–6955, ¶ 18,
citing State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 386 (1997).
An appellate court’s function when reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence to
support a criminal conviction is to examine the evidence admitted at trial to
determine whether such evidence, if believed, would convince the average mind
of the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The relevant inquiry is
whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution,
any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime
proven beyond a reasonable doubt.
State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259 (1991), paragraph two of the syllabus.
{¶5} Mr. Nurse was convicted of two counts of aggravated robbery pursuant to R.C.
2911.01(A)(1), which provides
No person, in attempting or committing a theft offense, as defined in section
2913.01 of the Revised Code, or in fleeing immediately after the attempt or
offense, shall * * * [h]ave a deadly weapon on or about the offender’s person or
under the offender’s control and either display the weapon, brandish it, indicate
that the offender possesses it, or use it[.]
3
Mr. Nurse was also convicted of violating R.C. 2911.11(A)(1) by committing aggravated
burglary. R.C. 2911.11(A)(1) provides,
No person, by force, stealth, or deception, shall trespass in an occupied structure
or in a separately secured or separately occupied portion of an occupied structure,
when another person other than an accomplice of the offender is present, with
purpose to commit in the structure or in the separately secured or separately
occupied portion of the structure any criminal offense, if * * * [t]he offender
inflicts, or attempts or threatens to inflict physical harm on another[.]
Each of Mr. Nurse’s convictions also had an underlying firearm specification pursuant to R.C.
2941.145.
{¶6} Mr. Shellman testified that he was riding in a car with Mr. Fain and Mark Crews
when Mr. Crews received a phone call from Bernard, and the three men went to meet with
Bernard and Mr. Nurse. According to Mr. Shellman, Bernard and Mr. Nurse explained that Ms.
Alexander and Mr. Smith had money and drugs in their home, including nearly $10,000 in
financial aid for Ms. Alexander’s schooling. The men proceeded to plan to rob Ms. Alexander
and Mr. Smith.
{¶7} The men drove over to the house, and someone called the house to tell the
occupants that they wanted to buy marijuana. Mr. Crews waited in the car while Mr. Smith let
Mr. Nurse, Mr. Fain, Mr. Shellman and Bernard into the house. Once inside, Mr. Fain drew a
gun on Mr. Smith, but Mr. Shellman, who knew Mr. Smith from childhood, took the gun from
Mr. Fain. Meanwhile, Mr. Nurse had begun “tearing up the house * * * looking for the $10,000
that was in there.” According to Mr. Shellman, when the men left, Mr. Nurse was carrying Ms.
Alexander’s purse.
{¶8} Detective Pierre Irvine testified that his investigation of the robbery led him to
believe Mr. Nurse had participated in it, and a warrant was issued for Mr. Nurse’s arrest.
Detective Darrell Parnell testified that, while working as a security officer at a grocery store, he
4
observed Mr. Nurse in the store. He approached Mr. Nurse and attempted to place him under
arrest, telling Mr. Nurse that a warrant had been issued for him. Upon hearing that a warrant was
out for his arrest, Mr. Nurse ran from Detective Parnell; however, two police cruisers stopped
him a couple of blocks from the store, and he was taken into custody.
{¶9} Following Mr. Nurse’s arrest, Detective Irvine spoke with him, and he admitted to
being present at the home of Ms. Alexander and Mr. Smith but denied having participated in the
robbery. Mr. Nurse told Detective Irvine that he had actually just gone to the house to smoke
marijuana and that he was surprised when Mr. Fain had pulled a gun on Mr. Smith and
demanded money. Nevertheless, Mr. Nurse admitted to Detective Irvine that he had left with
Mr. Fain and Mr. Spellman.
{¶10} When viewed in the light most favorable to the State, the evidence presented
would allow a reasonable juror to find that Mr. Nurse had helped plan to rob Ms. Alexander and
Mr. Smith. A reasonable juror could also find that Mr. Nurse and the other men entered Ms.
Alexander’s and Mr. Smith’s house under pretense of purchasing drugs with the intent to steal
from them and, furthermore, that Mr. Nurse helped search the house for valuables and took Ms.
Alexander’s purse. There was also evidence that a gun had been used in committing the offense.
Thus, there was sufficient evidence that would allow a reasonable jury to determine that Mr.
Nurse had violated or was complicit in violating R.C. 2911.11(A)(1) by entering the house under
pretense with the intent to commit a crime and that he had violated or was complicit in violating
R.C. 2911.01(A)(1) because a firearm was brandished during the commission of a theft offense.
See R.C. 2923.03(A)(2) (“No person, acting with the kind of culpability required for the
commission of an offense, shall * * * [a]id or abet another in committing the offense[.]”).
{¶11} Accordingly, Mr. Nurse’s first assignment of error is overruled.
5
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II
MR. NURSE’S CONVICTION FOR AGGRAVATED ROBBERY AND
AGGRA[VA]TED BURG[LARY] IS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF
THE EVIDENCE.
{¶12} In Mr. Nurse’s second assignment of error, he argues that his convictions are
against the manifest weight of the evidence because the only evidence that he knowingly
participated in the robbery came from Mr. Shellman’s testimony. Thus, according to Mr. Nurse,
his conviction should be overturned because Mr. Spellman’s testimony was devoid of credibility.
{¶13} In reviewing a challenge to the weight of the evidence, the appellate court
[m]ust review the entire record, weigh the evidence and all reasonable inferences,
consider the credibility of witnesses and determine whether, in resolving conflicts
in the evidence, the trier of fact clearly lost its way and created such a manifest
miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial
ordered.
State v. Otten, 33 Ohio App.3d 339, 340 (9th Dist.1986).
{¶14} Mr. Nurse’s primary argument is that Mr. Shellman’s testimony is highly suspect.
The trial court also agreed, stating,
The testimony of [Mr.] Shellman * * * must be viewed with grave suspicion
because he is a person who was a codefendant in the commission of the very same
crimes and a co-complicitor. * * * And, indeed, the Shellman testimony was such
that he did not acknowledge conduct that the victim [Ms.] Alexander attributed to
him, and he ascribed conduct to [Mr.] Nurse that no one else did. So the Court
found the testimony of witness Shellman to be not very credible.
While the trial court clearly did not give much weight to Mr. Shellman’s testimony, especially
the portions specifically contradicted by Ms. Alexander, the trial court could have found other
portions of Mr. Shellman’s testimony credible. For example, given Mr. Nurse’s admissions to
Detective Irvine that he came and left with the other men, the trial court may have found credible
Mr. Shellman’s testimony that the men had planned to rob Ms. Alexander and Mr. Smith before
arriving at the house. Detective Irvine testified that Mr. Nurse had admitted to him that he had
6
been at the house during the robbery and that he had arrived and left with Mr. Shellman, Mr.
Fain, and Bernard. He also told Detective Irvine that Mr. Fain had produced a firearm and had
threatened to shoot Mr. Smith if Mr. Smith did not hand over the money. In other words,
Detective Irvine’s testimony was that Mr. Nurse had admitted to arriving with and leaving with
the men who robbed Ms. Alexander and Mr. Smith. Mr. Nurse has not suggested that the trial
court should have disbelieved Detective Irvine’s testimony. In fact, he urges that Detective
Irvine’s statement that Mr. Nurse had claimed to have merely gone to the house to smoke
marijuana and not to rob the occupants indicates that he was not involved in the robbery.
However, a trier of fact is allowed to believe all, part, or none of a witness’s testimony, and the
trial court was free to weigh all of the evidence in deciding whether it found Mr. Nurse’s claim
of innocence to be credible.
{¶15} There is no dispute that Ms. Alexander and Mr. Smith were robbed and that Mr.
Nurse was there during the robbery. Nor is there any dispute that he arrived and left with the
other co-defendants after the robbery was completed. The only question is whether he was a
participant in it. However, after a thorough review of the record, we cannot say that the trier of
fact lost its way and committed a manifest miscarriage of justice when it found that Mr. Nurse
had participated in the robbery. Accordingly, we cannot conclude that his convictions for
aggravated robbery and aggravated burglary are against the manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶16} His second assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III
THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE AND PLAIN ERROR IN
ALLOWING IN HEARSAY EVIDENCE UNDER THE HEARSAY
E[X]CEPTION 803(2)[.]
7
{¶17} Mr. Nurse, in his third assignment of error, argues that the trial court erred when it
allowed Ms. Alexander to testify that Mr. Smith had told her that “[h]e knew a couple of them
from the west side. Some of them played basketball with him.” According to Mr. Nurse, Mr.
Smith’s statement to Ms. Alexander was inadmissible hearsay because it did not qualify as an
excited utterance under Evid.R. 803(2).
{¶18} However, assuming without deciding that the trial court should have excluded
Ms. Alexander’s statement that Mr. Smith claimed to have recognized some of the robbers, Mr.
Nurse fails to explain how the admission of the statement affected his substantial rights. See
Crim.R. 52(A) (“Any error, defect, irregularity, or variance which does not affect substantial
rights shall be disregarded.”). Mr. Smith’s statement to Ms. Alexander did not identify Mr.
Nurse as one of the men at his house, nor did Mr. Smith’s statement attribute any behavior on the
part of Mr. Nurse. In fact, Ms. Alexander never identified Mr. Nurse as one of the men who
robbed her, identifying only Mr. Shellman and Mr. Fain, and, furthermore, even if Ms.
Alexander’s statement about what Mr. Smith had told her had identified Mr. Nurse in some way,
Mr. Nurse admitted to Detective Irvine that he was at the house. Accordingly, if any error
occurred, we must conclude that it was harmless. See Crim.R. 52(A).
{¶19} Mr. Nurse’s third assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR IV
THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE AND PLAIN ERROR BY
SENTENCING MR. NURSE WITHOUT COMPLYING WITH R.C.
2929.19(B)(2)(G).
{¶20} In Mr. Nurse’s fourth assignment of error, he argues that the trial court failed to
comply with former R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(g) and, therefore, his conviction must be reversed. We
disagree.
8
{¶21} At the time Mr. Nurse was sentenced, former R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(g) provided:
Subject to division (B)(3) of this section, if the sentencing court determines at the
sentencing hearing that a prison term is necessary or required, the court shall * * *
[i]nclude in the offender’s sentence a statement notifying the offender of the
information described in division (F)(3) of section 2929.14 of the Revised Code
regarding earned credits under section 2967.193 of the Revised Code.
However, no R.C. 2929.14(F)(3) existed at the time of Mr. Nurse’s sentencing hearing. Thus,
the trial court was unable to comply with the provision as written given the absence of (F)(3) in
the statute. Mr. Nurse does not explain how the trial court could have committed reversible error
when there was no provision containing the notification referenced in R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(g).
Nor does he explain how his substantial rights were affected by the trial court’s failure to inform
him of something that did not exist. Assuming that the statute was meant to address the ability to
receive credit for time served in prison, Mr. Nurse has not explained how he was precluded from
obtaining credit. Nor would the failure to include the statement affect the defendant’s ability to
receive credit as a deduction from his or her prison term. See former R.C. 2929.14(D)(3).
{¶22} Thus, we cannot conclude that any of Mr. Nurse’s substantial rights were
affected by the inability of the trial court to comply with the statute. See Crim.R. 52(A).
Accordingly, Mr. Nurse’s fourth assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR V
MR. NURSE WAS DENIED HIS CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO EFFECTIVE
ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL AT TRIAL WHEN HIS TRIAL COUNSEL
FAILED TO OBJECT TO THE TRIAL COURT’S FAILURE TO SENTENC[E]
MR. NURSE IN ACCORDANCE WITH R.C. 2929.19(B)(2)(G).
{¶23} Mr. Nurse’s fifth assignment of error is that his trial counsel was ineffective for
not objecting to the trial court’s failure to provide the statement required by R.C.
2929.19(B)(2)(g). However, in order to prevail on an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, a
defendant “must show (1) deficient performance by counsel, i.e., performance falling below an
9
objective standard of reasonable representation, and (2) prejudice, i.e., a reasonable probability
that but for counsel’s errors, the proceeding’s result would have been different.” State v. Mundt,
115 Ohio St.3d 22, 2007–Ohio–4836, ¶ 62, citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687–
688, 694 (1984). As discussed above, any error on the trial court’s part was harmless, and,
therefore, even assuming that Mr. Nurse’s trial counsel was deficient for not objecting, there is
not a reasonable probability that the proceeding’s result would have been different.
{¶24} Mr. Nurse’s fifth assignment of error is overruled.
III.
{¶25} Mr. Nurse’s assignments of error are overruled, and the judgment of the Summit
County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy
of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
10
Costs taxed to Appellant.
EVE V. BELFANCE
FOR THE COURT
CARR, J.
WHITMORE, J.
CONCUR.
APPEARANCES:
BRIAN M. ASHTON, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.
SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and RICHARD S. KASAY, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.