Bajzer v. Bajzer , 2012 Ohio 252 ( 2012 )

[Cite as Bajzer v. Bajzer, 2012-Ohio-252.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SUMMIT )
KIMBERLEE BAJZER C.A. No. 25635
Appellee
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
ENTERED IN THE
CHRISTOPHER T. BAJZER COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO
Appellant CASE No. 2006-03-0764
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: January 25, 2012
BELFANCE, Presiding Judge.
{¶1} Appellant, Christopher Bajzer, appeals an order of the Summit County Court of
Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, that increased his child support obligation. This
Court affirms.
I.
{¶2} The Bajzers divorced in July 2008 after a marriage of eleven years. They are the
parents of two children aged eight and ten, respectively, as of the date of the divorce. The
divorce decree granted Ms. Bajzer $10,000 in spousal support for twenty-four months and
ordered Mr. Bajzer to pay $1,000 per month in child support. As is frequently the case, matters
resolved by the divorce decree did not remain so for long. Ms. Bajzer moved to modify Dr.
Bajzer’s child support obligation on August 18, 2009, and the parties have vigorously litigated
the issue of child support since that time. On May 7, 2010, the trial court ordered Dr. Bajzer to
pay $6,000 per month in child support under R.C. 3119.04(B). In the course of its
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considerations, the trial court imputed income to Ms. Bajzer in the amount of $45,000. The trial
court also ordered Dr. Bajzer to pay $10,000 of her attorney’s fees.
{¶3} Dr. Bajzer timely appealed, raising five assignments of error. Some of his
assignments of error are related, and so they are addressed together.
II.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I
“THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT
FAILED TO SUPPORT ITS CHILD SUPPORT DEVIATION BY
SPECIFICALLY STATING THE FACTS THAT ARE THE BASIS FOR A
DEVIATION PURSUANT TO R.C. 3119.23 AND WHEN IT FAILED TO
ACCURATELY EVALUATE THE NEEDS AND STANDARD OF LIVING OF
THE CHILDREN AND PARENTS.”
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II
“THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT FAILED TO APPLY THE CASE
LAW OF THE 9TH DISTRICT AS PRECEDENT IN DETERMINING AN
APPROPRIATE UPWARD DEVIATION OF CHILD SUPPORT.”
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III
“THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT ORDERED AN UPWARD
DEVIATION IN CHILD SUPPORT IN ORDER TO ACCOMPLISH AN
EQUALIZATION OF INCOME.”
{¶4} In his first three assignments of error, Dr. Bajzer argues that the trial court abused
its discretion by deviating upward from the child support guidelines in granting Ms. Bajzer’s
motion to modify. Because the trial court did not order an upward deviation and the modified
child support award was not an abuse of the trial court’s discretion, Dr. Bajzer’s assignments of
error are not well-taken.
{¶5} As a general rule, child support is calculated using the worksheet provided in R.C.
3119.022 with reference to the basic child support schedule set forth in R.C. 3119.021. When
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the combined gross income of the parents exceeds $150,000, however, child support is
determined under R.C. 3119.04(B), which provides:
If the combined gross income of both parents is greater than one hundred fifty
thousand dollars per year, the court * * * shall determine the amount of the
obligor’s child support obligation on a case-by-case basis and shall consider the
needs and the standard of living of the children who are the subject of the child
support order and of the parents. The court * * * shall compute a basic combined
child support obligation that is no less than the obligation that would have been
computed under the basic child support schedule and applicable worksheet for a
combined gross income of one hundred fifty thousand dollars, unless the court * *
* determines that it would be unjust or inappropriate and would not be in the best
interest of the child, obligor, or obligee to order that amount.
The level of support for a combined gross income of $150,000 is the starting point from which a
trial court exercises its discretion in fashioning a child support award for parents with higher
incomes. R.C. 3119.04(B). Downward deviations from that minimum require a determination
“that it would be unjust or inappropriate and would not be in the best interest of the child,
obligor, or obligee to order that amount.” Id. Support awards in excess of that minimum,
however, are anticipated by R.C. 3119.04(B) and are not deviations. See Freeman v. Freeman,
9th Dist. No. 07CA0036, 2007-Ohio-6400, ¶ 22, citing Guertin v. Guertin, 10th Dist. No. 06AP-
1101, 2007-Ohio-2008, ¶ 6. See also Zeitler v. Zeitler, 9th Dist. No. 04CA008444, 2004-Ohio-
5551, ¶ 11 (“[U]nder R.C. 3119.04(B) there is no basis for ‘deviation,’ as the R.C. 3119.04(B)
method prescribes that child support is to be set based on the qualitative needs and standard of
living of the children and parents, not exacting calculations and deviations.”). Although Dr.
Bajzer urges this Court to apply the analysis employed in Ohlemacher v. Ohlemacher, 9th Dist.
No. 04CA008488, 2005-Ohio-474, we note that Ohlemacher involved application of a previous
version of the child support calculation now contained in R.C. 3119.04(B). Because that statute
differed significantly from the current one, Ohlemacher is inapposite See generally Cyr v. Cyr,
8th Dist. No. 84255, 2005-Ohio-504, ¶ 50-57.
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{¶6} Thus, “when the income of the parents is greater than $150,000, the appropriate
standard for the amount of child support is ‘that amount necessary to maintain for the children
the standard of living they would have enjoyed had the marriage continued.’” Berthelot v.
Berthelot, 154 Ohio App. 3d 101, 2003-Ohio-4519, ¶ 24 (9th Dist.), quoting Birath v. Birath, 53
Ohio App. 3d 31, 37 (10th Dist.1988). This determination is within the discretion of the trial
court, and we review it for an abuse of that discretion. See, e.g., Peters v. Peters, 9th Dist. Nos.
03CA008306, 03CA008307, 2004-Ohio-2517, ¶ 39-41.
{¶7} Dr. Bajzer earned $364,000 in 2009, and the trial court imputed $45,000 income
to Ms. Bajzer. The trial court’s starting point for its analysis was the minimum level of support
authorized by statute, or that provided by R.C. 3119.021 for an income of $150,000. The trial
court concluded, however, that considering the parents’ combined income of over $400,000, “[i]t
is unjust, inappropriate and not in the best interest of these two children to order child support at
the minimum capped level of $150,000[,]” which would result in a child support obligation of
$2,312.75 per month. The trial court noted that Dr. Bajzer’s and Ms. Bajzer’s monthly expenses
reflected similar standards of living, but also observed that Ms. Bajzer’s expenses included the
money she spent for herself and two children. The trial court determined that Dr. Bajzer’s child
support obligation should be modified to $6,000 per month. This determination was not an
abuse of discretion.
{¶8} The parties’ respective budgets reflect similar standards of living, a fact that, as
the trial court observed, undercuts Dr. Bajzer’s arguments that Ms. Bajzer’s budget is
extravagant and beyond the standard of living that they maintained during the marriage. Ms.
Bajzer’s expenses include her portion of the children’s medical expenses as well as private
tutoring, supplemental educational programs, extracurricular activities, and childcare
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necessitated by the family’s evening schedule. With respect to her daughter, Ms. Bajzer testified
that private tutoring was necessary to maintain her performance in school. With respect to both
children, she testified that the tutoring and enrichment activities benefitted them by
supplementing the curriculum available at their current school in a manner consistent with the
curriculum at Old Trail School, which they attended during the marriage and for the two years
immediately after the divorce solely at Ms. Bajzer’s cost. Notably, Dr. Bajzer did not dispute
that these activities were beneficial or appropriate, nor did he testify that Ms. Bajzer’s budgeted
amounts for gifts and the children’s parties were out-of-line with their standard of living during
the marriage. Dr. Bajzer has argued that Ms. Bajzer’s budget allocation for vacations is
extravagant. In this regard, however, it is worth mentioning that the parties testified that during
the marriage, Ms. Bajzer and the children spent much of the summer months at their family
condominium in Florida. Although Ms. Bajzer continues to make the mortgage payment on the
condominium until it is sold pursuant to the property division, neither she nor the children can
use it, and their vacation expenses reflect the additional expense of lodging.
{¶9} The trial court determined that child support in the amount $6,000 per month is
necessary to provide the Bajzer children with the standard of living that they would have enjoyed
had the marriage continued. This figure is significantly less than the amount requested by Ms.
Bajzer. It exceeds the level of support provided by R.C. 3119.022 for a family with income of
$150,000 by around $4,000, but the parties’ combined income of $409,000 is commensurately
higher as well. The trial court’s determination was not an abuse of discretion, and accordingly,
we overrule Dr. Bajzer’s first, second, and third assignments of error.
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ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR IV
“THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT
FAILED TO IMPUTE INCOME TO APPELLEE AT THE INCOME LEVEL
DETERMINED BY THE UNREFUTED EXPERT TESTIMONY OF
APPELLANT’S EXPERT.”
{¶10} Dr. Bajzer’s fourth assignment of error is that the trial court erred by imputing
$45,000 in income to Ms. Bajzer instead of $50,000. We disagree.
{¶11} In determining the appropriate level of child support, a trial court must calculate
the gross income of the parents. See R.C. 3119.05. When a parent is unemployed, income
includes potential income that may be imputed to the parent by the trial court. See R.C.
3119.01(C)(5)/(11). Potential income is determined by considering all relevant factors, including
the parent’s education, skills, training, experience, and earning capacity; the availability of jobs
and prevailing wages in the parent’s geographic area; any mental or physical disabilities of the
parent; the ages and special needs of the children; and whether evidence demonstrates that the
parent can earn the imputed income. R.C. 3119.01(C)(11). “[W]hen a court examines the
earning capacity of a parent who is voluntarily unemployed or underemployed, it does so with a
view toward imputing a specific sum of income to that parent. In turn, that sum will be
combined with other gross income to arrive at a total gross income figure which will be used for
the child support calculation.” Collins v. Collins, 9th Dist. No. 10CA0004, 2011-Ohio-2087, ¶
18. In the absence of an abuse of discretion, the calculation of imputed income will not be
disturbed on appeal. Rock v. Cabral, 67 Ohio St. 3d 108 (1993), syllabus.
{¶12} A vocational evaluation of Ms. Bajzer was conducted by Anne Savage-Veh in
2006 and updated in 2009. In 2006, the evaluation contained the conclusion that Ms. Bajzer
could return to the workforce in skilled positions that used her transferable skills at an income of
approximately $45,000. When deposed after updating the evaluation in 2009, Ms. Savage-Veh
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opined that under the same circumstances, Ms. Bajzer might expect to earn $50,000. Ms.
Savage-Veh stressed that her evaluation was founded primarily upon Ms. Bajzer’s employability
as a female over twenty-five years old with a bachelor’s degree. She did not interview Ms.
Bajzer in 2006 or 2009, nor did her vocational evaluation take into consideration circumstances
unique to Ms. Bajzer that might indirectly affect her ability to work full-time in a skilled position
or Ms. Bajzer’s physical limitations, of which she was not aware.
{¶13} Dr. Bajzer’s position is that the trial court had no basis for accepting $45,000 as
the level of Ms. Bajzer’s potential income rather than $50,000. According to him, “[t]he trial
court failed to provide any rationale whatsoever as to why the expert’s opinion should not be
followed beyond the care of the children, which [Dr. Bajzer’s] expert specifically refuted.” This
argument misconstrues the substance of Ms. Savage-Veh’s testimony and the analysis required
by R.C. 3119.01(C)(11). Ms. Savage-Veh did not refute the care of the children as a
consideration of Ms. Bajzer’s potential income. What she did emphasize was that personal
circumstances were beyond the scope of her vocational assessment, which focused on the
statistical availability of jobs in and around Summit County for a female with a bachelor’s
degree and transferrable skills. Although perhaps beyond the scope of the vocational evaluation
conducted in this matter, circumstances such as Ms. Bajzer’s actual ability to work in light of her
children’s needs are precisely what a trial court is to consider under R.C. 3119.01(C)(11).
{¶14} In other words, Dr. Bajzer incorrectly suggests that his expert’s vocational
evaluation is qualitatively the same as the analysis that a trial court must conduct under R.C.
3119.01(C)(11). The trial court recognized as much:
“The expert’s deposition and report was helpful, but the Court balanced this
report with Mother’s testimony and exhibits, looked at the statutory factors
included in Revised Code §3119.01(C)(11) and considered the case law when it
determined Mother’s potential income to be $45,000. Other factors considered
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were Mother’s age, physical limitations, twelve years as a full time mother, her
difficulty in finding suitable employment once she actively started looking and
her full time commitment to providing quality care for these children.”
Considering the testimony at trial that the children’s medical and educational needs require
attention and flexibility on the part of Ms. Bajzer as their primary caregiver, this Court cannot
conclude that the trial court abused its discretion in determining the level of her potential income.
Dr. Bajzer’s fourth assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR V
“THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN IT ORDERED APPELLANT TO PAY
ANY PORTION OF APPELLEE’S ATTORNEYS’ FEES.”
{¶15} Dr. Bajzer’s final assignment of error is that the trial court abused its discretion by
awarding Ms. Bajzer $10,000 in attorney’s fees despite noting that both parties’ conduct
prolonged consideration of her motion. We disagree.
{¶16} Under R.C. 3105.73(B), a trial court may award reasonable attorney’s fees in
connection with a post-decree motion if the court determines that such an award is equitable,
with consideration for “the parties’ income, the conduct of the parties, and any other relevant
factors the court deems appropriate[.]” The parties’ respective assets, however, may not be
considered. Id. Because R.C. 3105.73(B) gives a trial court broad discretion to award attorney’s
fees, we review such an award for an abuse of discretion. Miller v. Miller, 9th Dist. No.
07CA0061, 2008-Ohio-4297, ¶ 71.
{¶17} Honing in on the trial court’s observation that the high attorney’s fees generated
by this case were caused, in part, by both parties’ conduct, Dr. Bajzer has argued that he should
not be required to pay fees when both were at fault. It is true that the trial court expressed its
frustration with the parties’ lack of communication and cooperation, but contrary to Dr. Bajzer’s
assertion, this is not the only factor under R.C. 3105.73(B) that the trial court considered. Most
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significantly, the trial court based its decision on the parties’ incomes in light of the fees that it
characterized as “exorbitant”:
These fees are more than Mother will earn this year, and Mother had no earned
income to pay her fees during the proceedings. She liquidated an asset to pay her
attorneys a $5,000 retainer. She borrowed dollars from friends. She has
overwhelming credit card debt and attorney fees to pay.
Father was the only one who had any earned income during these proceedings and
he was able to pay his attorney during these proceedings. He did not deplete any
assets to maintain his standard of living.
R.C. 3105.73(B) permits a trial court to consider the parties’ incomes in determining an equitable
attorney’s fees award, and doing so based on a disparity in income, as here, is not an abuse of
discretion. See, e.g., Patterson v. Patterson, 1st Dist. No. C-110144, 2011-Ohio-5644, ¶ 13;
Epitropoulos v. Epitropoulos, 10th Dist. No. 10AP-877, 2011-Ohio-3701, ¶ 44-47; Walton v.
Walton, 3rd Dist. No. 14-10-21, 2011-Ohio-2847, ¶ 46. Dr. Bajzer’s fifth assignment of error is
overruled.
III.
{¶18} Dr. Bajzer’s assignments of error are overruled. The judgment of the Summit
County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy
of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
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Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(E). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed to Appellant.
EVE V. BELFANCE
FOR THE COURT
WHITMORE, J.
MOORE, J.
CONCUR
APPEARANCES:
SCOTT S. ROSENTHAL, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.
ALICE RICKEL and LINDA SCHUSTER, Attorneys at Law, for Appellee.