State v. Cline , 2013 Ohio 1843 ( 2013 )

[Cite as State v. Cline, 2013-Ohio-1843.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
ELEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
GEAUGA COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : OPINION
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
CASE NO. 2012-G-3101
- vs - :
JAMES D. CLINE, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Civil Appeal from the Geauga County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 06 C 000035.
Judgment: Affirmed.
James R. Flaiz, Geauga County Prosecutor, and Abbey L. King Mueller, Assistant
Prosecutor, Courthouse Annex, 231 Main Street, Suite 3A, Chardon, OH 44024 (For
Plaintiff-Appellee).
John W. Hawkins, Parkhill Professional Building, 35104 Euclid Avenue, Suite 101,
Willoughby, OH 44094 (For Defendant-Appellant).
TIMOTHY P. CANNON, P.J.
{¶1} Appellant, James D. Cline, appeals the judgment of the Geauga County
Court of Common Pleas denying his petition for postconviction relief. As the petition
was untimely without exception and the argument advanced therein barred by res
judicata, we affirm the judgment.
{¶2} On March 2, 2006, appellant was driving a Chevrolet Silverado with a
suspended license and more than three times the legal limit of alcohol in his system. At
the time, appellant had 11 previous convictions for operating a motor vehicle under the
influence of alcohol. A fellow motorist noticed the Silverado’s erratic and dangerous
movements on the road, and dialed 9-1-1. A Burton police officer responded to the call,
located the Silverado, and activated the cruiser’s overhead lights in order to initiate a
traffic stop. Appellant increased his speed in an effort to evade the officer; in so doing,
appellant went left-of-center around a curve, striking a vehicle occupied by three Hiram
College students. Two of the students died as a result of the head-on collision, and the
third student was severely injured. Appellant escaped with minor injuries.
{¶3} Appellant was indicted on 11 counts. After entering his guilty plea,
appellant was sentenced to an aggregate prison term of 38 years on five counts: two
counts of aggravated vehicular homicide, first-degree felonies in violation of R.C.
2903.06(A)(1)(a) and (B)(2)(b)(i) (two ten-year consecutive sentences); aggravated
vehicular assault, a second-degree felony in violation of R.C. 2903.08(A)(1)(a) and
(B)(1)(a) (eight years consecutive); operating a motor vehicle under the influence of
alcohol (“OVI”), a fourth-degree felony due to appellant’s history in violation of R.C.
4511.19(A)(1)(a) (five years consecutive); and failure to comply with an order or signal
of a police officer, a third-degree felony in violation of R.C. 2921.331(B) and (C)(5)(a)(i)
(five years consecutive).
{¶4} Appellant appealed, and this court affirmed the conviction in State v. Cline,
11th Dist. No. 2006-G-2735, 2007-Ohio-7131, after assessing appellant’s guilty plea.
Years later, appellant again appealed, asserting his sentence was void. This court, in
State v. Cline, 11th Dist. Nos. 2010-G-2981 and 2010-G-3000, 2011-Ohio-3890, found
appellant’s sentence partially void and reversed and remanded the matter for a
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resentencing hearing so the trial court could properly advise appellant of his post-
release control terms.
{¶5} Now, appellant appeals following the trial court’s denial of his petition for
postconviction relief, filed on July 2, 2012, without a hearing. In his petition before the
trial court, appellant argued the crimes of OVI and failure to comply with the signal or
order of a police officer are allied offenses of similar import and should have merged for
sentencing purposes pursuant to State v. Johnson, 128 Ohio St.3d 153, 2010-Ohio-
6314.
{¶6} Accordingly, appellant raises one assignment of error on appeal, which
states:
{¶7} The trial court committed prejudicial error when it denied a hearing
on the Petition for Post-Conviction Relief under Ohio Revised Code
§ 2953.21 of Defendant-Appellant effectively denying Defendant-
Appellant the benefit of the guarantees of both the 5th and 14th
Amendments of the United States Constitution and Section 10,
Article 1 Ohio Constitution [sic] regarding Double Jeopardy when
the trial court sentenced him to consecutive sentences of: (1) five
years in prison for Operating a Motor Vehicle Under the Influence of
Alcohol as alleged in Count Five of the indictment; and (2) five
years in prison for Failure to Comply with [an] Order or Signal of a
Police Officer as alleged in Count Six of the indictment.
{¶8} In his sole assignment of error, appellant argues the trial court erred in
denying his postconviction relief petition and in not conducting a hearing on the petition.
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As set forth above, appellant’s chief contention is that his convictions of OVI and failure
to comply with the signal or order of a police officer are allied offenses of similar import
which should have merged for sentencing purposes pursuant to State v. Johnson,
supra.
{¶9} This court reviews the dismissal of a postconviction relief petition for an
abuse of discretion. State v. Lesure, 11th Dist. No. 2006-L-139, 2007-Ohio-4381, ¶10.
“[A]n abuse of discretion is the trial court’s ‘failure to exercise sound, reasonable, and
legal decision-making.’” State v. Beechler, 2d Dist. No. 09-CA-54, 2010-Ohio-1900,
¶62, quoting Black’s Law Dictionary (8 Ed.Rev.2004) 11.
{¶10} Initially, it must be noted that a postconviction proceeding is a collateral
civil attack on a criminal judgment. State v. Dudley, 2d Dist. No. 23613, 2010-Ohio-
4152, ¶30, citing State v. Steffen, 70 Ohio St.3d 399, 410. It is therefore not an appeal
of a criminal conviction. Id. Consequently, postconviction relief is not a constitutional
right, but is instead afforded to a convicted defendant as a statutory remedy. Id., citing
State v. Moore, 99 Ohio App.3d 748, 751 (1st Dist.1994).
{¶11} “Pursuant to R.C. 2953.21(C), a defendant’s petition may be denied
without a hearing when the petition, supporting affidavits, documentary evidence, files,
and records do not demonstrate that the petitioner set forth sufficient operative facts to
establish substantive grounds for relief.” State v. Adams, 11th Dist. No. 2003-T-0064,
2005-Ohio-348, ¶37.
{¶12} We find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying appellant’s
petition without a hearing because it was untimely without exception and the argument
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advanced therein was barred by res judicata. Even overlooking these glaring
procedural deficiencies, appellant’s argument, if reached on the merits, would still fail.
{¶13} Pursuant to R.C. 2953.21(A)(2), where a defendant has filed a direct
appeal, a postconviction relief petition “shall be filed no later than one hundred eighty
days after the date on which the trial transcript is filed in the court of appeals in the
direct appeal of the judgment of conviction[.]” R.C. 2953.23 provides that “a court may
not entertain a petition” filed after this period, subject to only two limited exceptions.
Appellant does not argue his case falls into either of these exceptions and, in fact, does
not provide any explanation for the tardiness of his motion.
{¶14} In this case, appellant’s petition was filed well after the 180-day time-frame
and, indeed, does not fall into any of the outlined exceptions. For instance, appellant
has not demonstrated he was unavoidably prevented from discovery of the facts upon
which he must rely to present his claim for relief, nor is he asserting a constitutional
error at trial. R.C. 2953.23(A)(1)(a) & (b). This case additionally does not implicate
DNA evidence, the second enumerated exception. R.C. 2953.23(A)(2). Thus,
appellant’s petition was procedurally time barred without exception.
{¶15} Moreover, postconviction relief is a particularly narrow remedy because
the doctrine of res judicata bars any claim that was or could have been raised at trial or
on direct appeal. This court has continually held that when an appellant does not raise
the issue of allied offenses of similar import in a timely direct appeal, the challenge is
barred by the doctrine of res judicata. This is also the law throughout Ohio. State v.
Strickland, 11th Dist. No. 2012-T-0009, 2012-Ohio-5125; State v. Dukes, 11th Dist. Nos.
2011-P-0098 & 2011-P-0099, 2012-Ohio-3033, ¶9; State v. Cioffi, 11th Dist. Nos. 2011-
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T-0072 & 2011-T-0073, 2012-Ohio-299, ¶14; State v. Britta, 11th Dist. No. 2011-L-041,
2011-Ohio-6096, ¶17-18; State v. Hobbs, 11th Dist. No. 2010-L-064, 2011-Ohio-1298,
¶43. See also State v. Pound, 2d Dist. Nos. 24789 & 24980, 2012-Ohio-3392, ¶14;
State v. Rice, 6th Dist. No. L-12-1127, 2012-Ohio-6250, ¶7; State v. Goldsmith, 8th Dist.
No. 95073, 2011-Ohio-840, ¶11; State v. Dodson, 12th Dist. No. CA2011-02-034, 2011-
Ohio-6347, ¶9. Here, if appellant wanted to a raise a Johnson-merger challenge, the
time to do so would have been during his direct appeal. Accordingly, appellant’s
argument advanced in his untimely petition is further barred by res judicata.
{¶16} Even overlooking the procedural problems with appellant’s petition, his
argument still fails. Appellant was sentenced before Johnson was decided. As the
Second Appellate District has explained, an appellant seeking to challenge his pre-
Johnson sentencing on the grounds of merger cannot rely on Johnson, “because ‘[a]
new judicial ruling may be applied only to cases that are pending on the announcement
date. * * * The new judicial ruling may not be applied retroactively to a conviction that
has become final, i.e., where the accused has exhausted all of his appellate remedies.’”
State v. Parson, 2d Dist. No. 24641, 2012-Ohio-730, ¶11, quoting Ali v. State, 104 Ohio
St.3d 328, 2004-Ohio-6592, ¶6; see also Pound, supra. This court previously followed
this pronouncement in Dukes and Strickland, supra.
{¶17} Assuming Johnson was applicable, appellant’s argument still fails.
Appellant argues the crimes of OVI and failing to comply with the order or signal of a
police officer were committed at the same time with the same act. In actuality, appellant
entered the roadway with his companion’s vehicle while intoxicated following an evening
of heavy drinking. Appellant, after embarking on his perilous journey and after being
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reported for erratic driving on the roadway, separately elected to increase his speed to
evade the pursuing officer. The offenses were not committed by the same conduct, i.e.,
it was not a single act committed with a single state of mind. Johnson, ¶49.
{¶18} Accordingly, appellant’s sole assignment of error is without merit.
{¶19} The judgment of the Geauga County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
CYNTHIA WESTCOTT RICE, J.,
COLLEEN MARY O’TOOLE, J.,
concur.
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