State v. McCubbin , 2014 Ohio 4216 ( 2014 )

[Cite as State v. McCubbin, 2014-Ohio-4216.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 100944
STATE OF OHIO
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
KEMAR MCCUBBIN
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT:
AFFIRMED
Criminal Appeal from the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-12-565913-A
BEFORE: Blackmon, J., Celebrezze, P.J., and E.T. Gallagher, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: September 25, 2014
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Weronika K. Costas
200 Auburn Drive, Suite 200
The Costas Network Law Center
Cleveland, Ohio 44122
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Timothy J. McGinty
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
By: T. Allan Regas
Brett Hammond
Charles E. Hannan
Assistant County Prosecutors
8th Floor Justice Center
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, J.:
{¶1} In this accelerated appeal, appellant Kemar McCubbin (“McCubbin”)
appeals the trial court’s denial of his postsentence motion to withdraw his guilty plea and
assigns the following two errors for our review:
I. The trial court erred in denying the appellant’s motion to withdraw his
guilty plea and vacate his conviction pursuant to Ohio Criminal Rule 32.1
as the appellant established that he was deprived of his right to effective
assistance of counsel, and the court’s advisement under O.R.C. 2943.031
does not cure counsel’s ineffective assistance.
II. The court erred in dismissing the appellant’s motion for postconviction
relief without first holding an evidentiary hearing as the appellant provided
sufficient evidence that he was denied the effective assistance of counsel.
{¶2} Having reviewed the record and pertinent law, we affirm the trial court’s
decision. The apposite facts follow.
{¶3} McCubbin entered the United States from Jamaica in 2005, and is a
permanent resident. On August 22, 2012, the Cuyahoga County Grand Jury indicted
McCubbin in criminal case CR-12-565913-A for one count of drug trafficking, drug
possession, and possession of criminal tools. While the matter was pending, McCubbin
was indicted in a separate case, CR-12-568200, for one count of forgery and identity
fraud.
{¶4} A joint plea agreement was reached in both cases. The state agreed to
nolle the charges for drug possession, possession of criminal tools, and forgery in
exchange for McCubbin’s guilty pleas to identity fraud and drug trafficking. Prior to
accepting McCubbin’s pleas, the trial court inquired whether McCubbin was a citizen of
the United States. McCubbin informed the court that he was a permanent resident. The
court later advised McCubbin as follows:
Court: You are not a citizen of the United States, and therefore, you
are hereby advised that the conviction of the offenses to
which you are pleading guilty may have the consequence of
deportation, exclusion from admission to the United States, or
denial of naturalization pursuant to the laws of the United
States. Do you understand that?
McCubbin: Yes, ma’am.
Tr. 8.
{¶5} Following the plea colloquy, the trial court reiterated its prior advisement by
telling McCubbin that pleading guilty carries “the possible consequences that I read to
you about deportation and denial of naturalization.”
{¶6} McCubbin then entered his plea of guilty. The trial court sentenced
McCubbin to nine months in prison for the drug trafficking charge, which was to run
concurrent to the nine month sentence for the identity theft charge.
{¶7} McCubbin did not file a direct appeal. On June 12, 2013, approximately
six months after being sentenced, McCubbin filed a motion to withdraw his guilty plea
arguing that the plea was not knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily entered because he
did not understand the ramifications the plea would have on his immigration status. The
motion was supported by McCubbin’s affidavit in which he averred that when he was
released to a half-way house, he was detained by federal immigration authorities. He
also averred that when he entered the pleas he did not understand that he would be
deported. The trial court denied the motion without a hearing, stating “Defendant was
clearly advised of deportation consequences with counsel present.” Judgment Entry,
June 19, 2013. McCubbin did not file a direct appeal from this denial.
{¶8} On October 1, 2013, McCubbin filed a second motion to withdraw his
guilty plea claiming ineffective assistance of counsel at the time of the plea. McCubbin
alleged that his trial counsel affirmatively misrepresented the immigration consequences
of pleading guilty. He attached an affidavit in which he stated that he questioned his trial
attorney about the ramifications, but was advised he was not at risk because he did not
have a criminal record and not to “worry about it.” The trial court denied the second
motion to withdraw.1
Deportation Advisement
{¶9} We will address McCubbin’s two assigned errors together because they are
interrelated. McCubbin argues that the trial court erred by denying his motion to vacate
his plea because he had established counsel was ineffective in failing to advise him that
his plea would result in him being deported. He also argues the trial court’s advisement
pursuant to R.C. 2943.031(A) did not cure the ineffectiveness of counsel.
{¶10} Crim.R. 32.1 authorizes the postconviction withdrawal of a plea only to
correct a manifest injustice. State v. Xie, 62 Ohio St. 3d 521, 526, 584 N.E.2d 715
(1992). The defendant bears the burden of proving manifest injustice. Id. The
determination of whether the defendant has sustained that burden is committed to the
McCubbin’s attorney advised this court at oral argument that McCubbin has
1
since been deported to Jamaica.
sound discretion of the trial court and will not be disturbed on appeal, absent an abuse of
discretion. State v. Caver, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 90945 and 90946, 2008-Ohio-6155,
citing State v. Smith, 49 Ohio St. 2d 261, 361 N.E.2d 1324 (1977).
{¶11} A defendant who seeks to withdraw his plea on the grounds that the plea
was unintelligent and not voluntary due to his counsel’s ineffectiveness must demonstrate
that counsel’s representation was constitutionally deficient. Strickland v. Washington, 466
U.S. 25, 31, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 (1984), and that “there is a reasonable
probability that, but for [that deficiency, the defendant] would not have pleaded guilty and
would not have insisted on going to trial.” Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52, 106 S. Ct. 366,
88 L. Ed. 2d 203 (1985).
{¶12} We conclude the trial court did not abuse its discretion by denying
McCubbin’s motion to withdraw because res judicata barred the motion.2 McCubbin’s
appeal concerns his second motion to withdraw his plea. In his first motion, he
contended he did not understand that his plea would result in his deportation. McCubbin
could have included in the first motion the fact that his counsel failed to properly advise
him that his plea would result in his deportation. “Res judicata prevents repeated attacks
on a final judgment and applies to all issues that were or might have been litigated.”
State v. Sneed, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 84964, 2005-Ohio-1865, ¶ 16, citing State v.
It is important to note that McCubbin is not contending the trial court failed
2
to advise him pursuant to R.C. 2943.031(A), but is arguing his counsel failed to
properly advise him. The failure of the court to give a R.C. 2943.031(A)
advisement is not barred by res judicata. State v. Muhumed, 10th Dist. Franklin
No. 11AP-1001, 2012-Ohio-6155.
Brown, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 84322, 2004-Ohio-6421. “‘The doctrine of res judicata
is applicable to successive motions to withdraw a guilty plea under Crim.R. 32.1.’” State
v. Steinke, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 100345, 2014-Ohio-2059.
{¶13} We recognize that res judicata is a rule of fundamental and substantial
justice, that is to be applied in particular situations as fairness and justice require, and that
is not to be applied so rigidly as to defeat the ends of justice or so as to work an injustice.
State v. Simpkins, 117 Ohio St. 3d 420, 2008-Ohio-1197, 884 N.E.2d 568, ¶ 25. We find
no injustice in applying the doctrine of res judicata on these facts.
{¶14} McCubbin cites to the United States Supreme Court decision in Padilla v.
Kentucky, 559 U.S. 356, 130 S. Ct. 1473, 176 L. Ed. 2d 284 (2010), as authority for the
proposition that an attorney renders ineffective assistance of counsel by misadvising a
defendant regarding the consequences of a plea on the defendant’s immigration status.
Padilla involved a defendant who was a permanent resident, like McCubbin. Upon
entering a plea to a drug distribution charge, Padilla was told by his attorney that he did
not have to worry about his immigration status when, in fact, the conviction would result
in his removal from the United States. The Supreme Court concluded that Padilla had
satisfied the deficient performance portion of the test for ineffective assistance of counsel
set forth in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674
(1984), but remanded the matter for a determination whether Padilla could satisfy the
prejudice portion of the Strickland test.
{¶15} Based on Padilla, if counsel had misadvised McCubbin as to the effect the
plea would have on his immigration status, then McCubbin would satisfy the first prong.
However, Padilla, is not analogous to this case because unlike Ohio, the Kentucky court
was not required to give a deportation advisement. Thus, whether prejudice would be
found by the Padilla court under the facts of the instant case is uncertain.
{¶16} This court has repeatedly held that the trial court’s R.C. 2943.031(A)
advisement that the defendant may be deported as a result of his plea, is sufficient to
overcome any prejudice caused by counsel’s failure to properly advise the defendant.
State v. Lababidi, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 96755, 2012-Ohio-267; State v. Velazquez,
8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 95978, 2011-Ohio-4818; State v. Bains, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
94330, 2010-Ohio-5143. See also State v. Ikharo, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 10AP-967,
2011-Ohio-2746; State v. Yazici, 5th Dist. Stark No. 2010CA00138, 2011-Ohio-583;
State v. Andreias, 6th Dist. Erie No. E-10-070, 2011-Ohio-5030. Here, there is no
dispute that the trial court gave the statutory advisement.
{¶17} McCubbin argues that the totality of circumstances must be considered in
determining if the advisement cured the prejudice and refers to this court’s decision in
State v. Creary, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 82767, 2004-Ohio-858. In State v. Creary, we
remanded the matter to determine if the defendant was prejudiced, in spite of the trial
court’s advisement, but it was because Creary had pled to an unamended indictment. We
stated as follows:
[T]he facts of this case, and Creary’s allegations do not suggest an
imminent flood of unsubstantiated postconviction petitions that will require
hearings to resolve. Creary pleaded guilty to an unamended indictment,
and claims he did so because his lawyer effectively told him the plea would
reduce his chances of deportation. Where a defendant can credibly allege
that his lawyer actively misadvised him concerning the law and that he
would not have pleaded guilty absent the misinformation, a hearing is
required. We are not convinced, however, that innumerable defendants
will automatically be entitled to hearings upon similar allegations.
(Emphasis added.) Id. at ¶ 11; But see Bains where we held surrounding circumstances
did not support remand.
{¶18} Here, in exchange for McCubbins’ plea, the state agreed to dismiss the
counts for possession of criminal tools, drug possession, and forgery. Therefore, this
was not a case where the defendant was not receiving a benefit in exchange for his plea,
like in Creary.
{¶19} Moreover, like the defendants in Bains, Lababidi, and Velazquez, nothing in
the record showed the attorney made the statements alleged by McCubbin besides
McCubbin’s self-serving affidavit. “‘When a petitioner submits a claim that his guilty
plea was involuntary, a record reflecting compliance with Crim.R. 11 has greater
probative value than a petitioner’s self-serving affidavit.’” State v. Knowles, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 95239, 2011-Ohio-1685, quoting State v. Yearby, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
79000, 2002 Ohio App. LEXIS 199 (Jan. 24, 2002).
{¶20} Thus, the trial court could have determined that McCubbin’s self-serving
affidavit, in which he claimed he was misadvised by his counsel, was not credible in light
of the court’s advisement and the benefit McCubbin received from the plea bargain.
This was not a case where McCubbin had nothing to lose by proceeding to trial. The
trial court did not abuse its discretion by denying McCubbin’s motion to withdraw his
guilty plea based on ineffective assistance of counsel. Accordingly, McCubbin’s first
and second assigned errors are overruled.
{¶21} Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover of appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to the Cuyahoga County Court of
Common Pleas to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s conviction having
been affirmed, any bail pending appeal is terminated. Case remanded to the trial court
for execution of sentence.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, JUDGE
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., P.J., and
EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, J., CONCUR