In re H.R. , 2014 Ohio 5390 ( 2014 )

[Cite as In re H.R., 2014-Ohio-5390.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
LOGAN COUNTY
IN RE: THE ADOPTION OF H.R. CASE NO. 8-14-15
[LARRY REISINGER II - APPELLANT]. OPINION
Appeal from Logan County Common Pleas Court
Family Court - Probate Division
Trial Court No. 12 AD 12
Judgment Affirmed
Date of Decision: December 8, 2014
APPEARANCES:
Elizabeth M. Mosser for Appellant
Kathryn C. Dougherty for Appellees
Case No. 8-14-15
PRESTON, J.
{¶1} Appellant, Larry Reisinger II (“Reisinger”), appeals the June 9, 2014
judgment entry of the Logan County Court of Common Pleas, Family Court –
Probate Division, concluding that Reisinger’s consent to the adoption of his
biological child, H.R., is not necessary. In its entry, the trial court ordered that
H.R.’s maternal grandparents, appellees, Ravonda (“Ravonda”) and Thomas
(“Thomas”) Taylor (collectively, the “Taylors”), “can proceed with the adoption
of their minor granddaughter without [Reisinger’s] consent.” For the reasons that
follow, we affirm.
{¶2} H.R. was born on September 4, 2009 and placed in the Taylors’ home
on September 19, 2009. (Doc. Nos. 1, 7). Reisinger has been incarcerated since
January 2010, and he is currently incarcerated at the Belmont Correctional
Institution in St. Clairsville, Ohio. (See Aug. 16, 2012 Tr. at 24, 28, 32, 36); (Doc.
No. 33).
{¶3} On June 5, 2012, the Taylors filed a petition to adopt H.R. (Doc. No.
1). In their petition, the Taylors asserted that Reisinger’s consent to the adoption
was not necessary because: (1) Reisinger “failed without justifiable cause to
provide more than de minimis contact with the minor for a period of at least one
year immediately preceding the filing of the adoption petition”; and (2) Reisinger
“failed without justifiable cause to provide for the maintenance and support of the
-2-
Case No. 8-14-15
minor as required by law or judicial decree for a period of at least one year
immediately preceding the filing of the adoption petition.” (Doc. No. 1). Also on
June 5, 2012, H.R.’s biological mother, Roxanne Taylor, filed her consent to the
Taylors’ adoption of H.R. (Doc. No. 6).
{¶4} The first two attempts by the clerk of the court to serve Reisinger with
notice of the Taylors’ petition and the hearing on the petition were unsuccessful.
(Doc. Nos. 14, 16, 23, 24, 25, 28). The clerk’s third attempt to serve Reisinger
with notice was successful. (Doc. Nos. 29, 30, 33). The clerk served that notice
on June 26, 2012, and the return receipt was signed on June 28, 2012. (Doc. Nos.
30, 33). On July 2, 2012, the trial court filed proof of service of the notice on
Reisinger. (Doc. No. 33). (See also Doc. No. 35).
{¶5} On July 9, 2012, Reisinger, pro se, filed a handwritten document “To
Judge Michael L. Brady and Judge C. Douglas Chamberlain,” in which he stated,
among other things:
I do not and will not under any circumstances give up my rights as a
father to my daughter to allow her to be adopted. I protest the
adoption. I ask the court to vacate the application for adoption.
Ravonda and Thomas Taylor does [sic] not and the court does not
have my approval for adoption.
(Doc. No. 34).
-3-
Case No. 8-14-15
{¶6} On June 26, 2012, Reisinger, now represented by counsel, filed a
motion to dismiss the Taylors’ petition, arguing that the trial court should dismiss
the case because “the venue for the adoption petition is not appropriate in Logan
County” and because his “consent is necessary for the adoption and such consent
is not given.” (Doc. No. 36). Attached as an exhibit to Reisinger’s motion to
dismiss was a spreadsheet from the Union County, Ohio Child Support
Enforcement Agency, reflecting that, from July 2011 to June 2012, Reisinger paid
$4.50 each month toward his monthly child-support obligation of $128.81. (Id.,
Ex. B).
{¶7} On August 1, 2012, the trial court filed an entry reflecting that the
Supreme Court of Ohio assigned retired judge C. Douglas Chamberlain to preside
in the case. (Doc. No. 37).
{¶8} On August 8, 2012, the trial court ordered that the hearing on the
Taylors’ petition set for August 16, 2012 be changed to a hearing on Reisinger’s
motion to dismiss the petition. (Doc. No. 41).
{¶9} On August 15, 2012, the Taylors filed a “motion in response to
[Reisinger’s] motion to dismiss,” contending “that their Petition for Adoption was
properly filed in Logan County and, that, [Reisinger’s] consent to the adoption is
not necessary.” (Doc. No. 46).
-4-
Case No. 8-14-15
{¶10} The trial court held the hearing as scheduled on August 16, 2012 on
Reisinger’s motion to dismiss the Taylors’ petition. (Aug. 16, 2012 Tr. at 4);
(Doc. No. 49). Judge Chamberlain presided at the hearing. (Aug. 16, 2012 Tr. at
1). At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court ordered that the parties file
proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law, which Reisinger did on August
29, 2012, and the Taylors did on August 30, 2012. (Id. at 69); (Doc. Nos. 49, 50,
51).
{¶11} On February 6, 2013, the Taylors filed a “motion for status,”
requesting that the trial court update the parties concerning the status of the case.
(Doc. No. 54).
{¶12} On March 19, 2013, the trial court filed an entry ordering the case
stayed until the conclusion of a custody case involving H.R. in the Union County
Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division. (Doc. No. 55).
{¶13} On April 4, 2013, the Taylors requested relief from the stay,
notifying the trial court of the conclusion of the Union County case. (Doc. No.
59).
{¶14} On June 27, 2013, the trial court filed an entry in which Judge
Chamberlain withdrew from his assignment in the case. (Doc. No. 66).
{¶15} On July 11, 2013, the trial court filed an entry reflecting that the case
was assigned to Judge Michael L. Brady. (Doc. No. 67). That same day, the trial
-5-
Case No. 8-14-15
court filed an entry granting the Taylors’ request for relief from the stay and
ordering a hearing on their petition for adoption to be held on September 20, 2013.
(Doc. No. 68).
{¶16} On August 19, 2013, Reisinger filed a “motion finding consent to
adoption necessary.” (Doc. No. 84). In it, Reisinger asserted “that all pertinent
evidence as to the necessity of * * * Reisinger’s consent” was properly before the
trial court and requested that the trial court decide that issue “based upon the
transcript of the [August 15, 2012] hearing, the evidence, and the proposed
findings of fact presented.” (Id.).
{¶17} On September 13, 2013, the trial court filed an order continuing the
September 20, 2013 hearing on the petition for adoption and allowing counsel for
the parties to file briefs in support of their respective positions, which they did in
October 2013. (Doc. Nos. 91, 92, 93).
{¶18} On December 10, 2013, the Taylors filed a “motion for status,”
requesting that the trial court update the parties concerning the status of the case.
(Doc. No. 94).
{¶19} On January 16, 2014, the Taylors filed an adoption home study,
letters of recommendation, and a home-safety audit. (Doc. Nos. 95, 96, 97).
{¶20} On June 9, 2014, the trial court filed the judgment entry that is the
subject of this appeal. (Doc. No. 98). In it, the trial court concluded that:
-6-
Case No. 8-14-15
Reisinger’s consent to the adoption was not required under R.C. 3107.07(K)
because he failed to timely file an objection to the petition for adoption; that
Reisinger’s consent to the adoption was not necessary under R.C. 3107.07(A)
because he “had no, or at best, only de minimis contact with [H.R.] for the one
year time period immediately prior to the filing of the Petition for Adoption”; that
under R.C. 3107.07(A), “any support or maintenance [Reisinger] has paid or
provided has been miniscule and a token at best”; and that it is in H.R.’s “best
interest that she be adopted by [the Taylors] and have no contact with
[Reisinger].” (Id. at 15-16).
{¶21} On July 9, 2014, Reisinger filed a notice of appeal. (Doc. No. 102).
He raises two assignments of error for our consideration.
Assignment of Error No. I
The trial court erred and abused its discretion by finding
consent of appellant, to the adoption of H.R., unnecessary.
{¶22} In his first assignment of error, Reisinger argues that the trial court
erred when it concluded that Reisinger’s consent to the Taylors’ adoption of H.R.
was not necessary. Specifically, Reisinger argues that the trial court: overlooked
his timely filed objection; improperly construed his financial support of his
daughter to be insufficient; improperly construed his contacts with H.R. to be de
minimis; and failed to make a finding regarding whether his failures to provide
support and maintenance and to have more than de minimis contact with H.R.
-7-
Case No. 8-14-15
were justifiable. In their brief, the Taylors do not address the trial court’s
conclusion that Reisinger failed to timely file an objection to the adoption; rather,
they argue that the trial court properly found that Reisinger failed to provide more
than de minimis contact with H.R. and that he failed to provide for the
maintenance and support of H.R. The Taylors also argue that while the trial
court’s analysis and findings do not contain the phrase “justifiable cause,” “the
import of the trial court findings was that there was no justifiable cause for
[Reisinger] to have less than de minimis contact with H.R. and to not provide
maintenance or support for her.” (Appellee’s Brief at 11).
{¶23} We first address the trial court’s conclusion that Reisinger’s consent
was not required under R.C. 3107.07(A). “Ordinarily, the written consent of a
minor child’s natural parents is required prior to adoption, but R.C. 3107.07
provides exceptions to this requirement.” In re Adoption of K.C., 3d Dist. Logan
No. 8-14-03, 2014-Ohio-3985, ¶ 20. Specifically, R.C. 3107.07 states:
Consent to adoption is not required of any of the following:
(A) A parent of a minor, when it is alleged in the adoption petition
and the court, after proper service of notice and hearing, finds by
clear and convincing evidence that the parent has failed without
justifiable cause to provide more than de minimis contact with the
minor or to provide for the maintenance and support of the minor as
-8-
Case No. 8-14-15
required by law or judicial decree for a period of at least one year
immediately preceding either the filing of the adoption petition or
the placement of the minor in the home of the petitioner.
R.C. 3107.07(A). “R.C. 3107.07(A) is written in the disjunctive.” In re Adoption
of K.C. at ¶ 21. “Therefore, a failure without justifiable cause to provide either
more than de minimis contact with the minor or maintenance and support for the
one-year time period is sufficient to obviate the need for a parent’s consent.”
(Emphasis sic.) Id., citing In re Adoption of A.H., 9th Dist. Lorain No.
12CA010312, 2013-Ohio-1600, ¶ 9.
{¶24} Because cases such as this one may involve the termination of
fundamental parental rights, the party petitioning for adoption has the burden of
proving, by clear and convincing evidence, that the parent failed to provide more
than de minimis contact with the minor or failed to provide for the maintenance
and support of the minor during the requisite one-year period and that there was no
justifiable cause for the failure. Id. at ¶ 24, citing In re R.L.H., 2d Dist.
Montgomery No. 25734, 2013-Ohio-3462, ¶ 9. “‘Once the petitioner has
established this failure, the burden of going forward shifts to the parent to show
some facially justifiable cause for the failure. * * * The burden of proof, however,
remains with the petitioner.’” In re R.L.H. at ¶ 9, quoting In re A.N.B., 12th Dist.
Preble No. CA2012-04-006, 2012-Ohio-3880, ¶ 10. “Clear and convincing
-9-
Case No. 8-14-15
evidence is that measure or degree of proof which is more than a mere
‘preponderance of the evidence,’ but not to the extent of such certainty as is
required ‘beyond a reasonable doubt’ in criminal cases, and which will produce in
the mind of the trier of facts a firm belief or conviction as to the facts sought to be
established.” Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469 (1954), paragraph three of the
syllabus. See also In re Adoption of K.C. at ¶ 24.
{¶25} “The Supreme Court of Ohio has articulated a two-step analysis for
probate courts to employ when applying R.C. 3107.07(A).” In re Adoption of
K.C. at ¶ 23, citing In re Adoption of M.B., 131 Ohio St. 3d 186, 2012-Ohio-236, ¶
23. The first step involves deciding a factual question—in this case, whether the
parent failed to provide more than de minimis contact with the minor or failed to
provide for the maintenance and support of the minor for a period of at least one
year immediately preceding the filing of the adoption petition. See id., citing In re
R.L.H. at ¶ 12, citing In re Adoption of M.B. at ¶ 23. See also In re Adoption of
S.J.M.H., 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-130683, 2014-Ohio-3565, ¶ 29. “‘A trial court
has discretion to make these determinations, and in connection with the first step
of the analysis, an appellate court applies an abuse-of-discretion standard when
reviewing a probate court decision * * *.’” In re Adoption of K.C. at ¶ 23, quoting
In re Adoption of M.B. at ¶ 25. See also In re Adoption of S.J.M.H. at ¶ 29. In the
second step of the analysis, if a probate court finds the parent failed to provide
-10-
Case No. 8-14-15
more than de minimis contact or failed to provide for the maintenance and support
of the minor, the court then determines “whether justifiable cause for the failure
has been proved by clear and convincing evidence.” In re Adoption of M.B. at ¶
23. See also In re Adoption of K.C. at ¶ 23. “A probate court’s decision on
whether justifiable cause exists will not be disturbed on appeal unless the
determination is against the manifest weight of the evidence.” In re Adoption of
K.C. at ¶ 23, citing In re Adoption of M.B. at ¶ 24 and In re Adoption of Masa, 23
Ohio St. 3d 163 (1986), paragraph two of the syllabus.
{¶26} We begin by addressing whether the trial court abused its discretion
by finding that Reisinger failed to provide more than de minimis contact with H.R.
The Taylors have had custody of H.R. since December 2010. (Aug. 16, 2012 Tr.
at 12, 23). According to Ravonda, despite knowing the Taylors’ address and
phone number, Reisinger had “absolutely no contact” with H.R.—“[n]o phone
calls, no letters, no gifts,” and no emails. (Id. at 13-14). Thomas testified that
Reisinger did not contact H.R. for the year preceding the Taylors’ filing their
petition to adopt H.R. (Id. at 22-23). According to Ravonda, she was unaware if
any contact took place between Reisinger and H.R. during H.R.’s twice-a-month,
overnight visitation with Reisinger’s mother, Patricia Reisinger (“Patricia”). (Id.
at 15).
-11-
Case No. 8-14-15
{¶27} Reisinger testified that he has communicated with H.R. since his
incarceration. (Id. at 29). Reisinger testified that he speaks with H.R. over the
phone “[w]henever [his] mom gets visitation” every other week. (Id. at 29, 31).
According to Reisinger, he writes letters addressed to H.R. and sends them to
Patricia’s address. (Id. at 29-30). Reisinger also testified that he writes letters to
Patricia multiple times a week, and in those letters, he “will write something off to
the side for [H.R.].” (Id.).
{¶28} Patricia testified that her overnight visitation with H.R. every other
weekend began in September 2011; however, if H.R. is ill, “[s]ometimes a whole
month might go by before [Patricia] see[s] [H.R.] again.” (Id. at 40-41, 43).
According to Patricia, she observed Reisinger speak with H.R. on the phone
during Patricia’s visitations with H.R. (Id. at 41-43). Patricia testified that
Reisinger wrote letters to H.R., only some of which Patricia kept. (Id. at 44).
Patricia identified Movant’s Exhibit A as a copy of an envelope addressed from
Reisinger to Patricia postmarked October 18, 2011, along with copies of the
envelope’s contents: a letter from Reisinger to H.R. dated November 22, 2011 and
a note from Reisinger to Patricia, requesting that Patricia read Reisinger’s letter to
H.R. (Id. at 44-46); (Movant’s Ex. A). Patricia identified Movant’s Exhibit B as
“the second birthday of September 2011 card” to H.R.; however, only the cover of
the card was made part of Movant’s Exhibit B. (Aug. 16, 2012 Tr. at 46-48);
-12-
Case No. 8-14-15
(Movant’s Ex. B). Patricia identified Movant’s Exhibit C as a copy of a Christmas
card addressing Patricia and H.R., sent by Reisinger in December 2011. (Aug. 16,
2012 Tr. at 47-48); (Movant’s Ex. C). Patricia identified Movant’s Exhibit D as a
“miss you” card and drawing that Reisinger sent H.R.; however, because H.R. was
ill, Patricia had not seen her since July 7, 2012, and the card and drawing she
identified as Movant’s Exhibit D arrived after that date, so H.R. had not seen
them. (Aug. 16, 2012 Tr. at 48-49); (Movant’s Ex. D). Patricia identified
Movant’s Exhibit E as a letter Reisinger wrote to H.R. “in 2011,” which she read
to H.R. (Aug. 16, 2012 Tr. at 49); (Movant’s Ex. E).
{¶29} On cross-examination, Patricia acknowledged that the October 18,
2011 postmark on Movant’s Exhibit A predates the November 22, 2011 letter that
was purportedly inside the envelope, but Patricia explained, “[T]his is at another
time. I have had that – the letters that I had, I had in that envelope. That is
probably why I thought it went together.” (Aug. 16, 2012 Tr. at 54-55). Patricia
acknowledged that the cards and letters constituting Movant’s Exhibits B, C, D,
and E were undated. (Id. at 56-57). Patricia could not recall how many visits she
has had with H.R. since her visitation began in September 2011. (Id. at 59).
{¶30} On re-direct examination, Reisinger’s counsel asked Patricia whether
the letters and cards submitted as exhibits at the hearing were “all the cards and
letters that [Reisinger] has ever sent to [H.R.].” (Id. at 61). Patricia responded,
-13-
Case No. 8-14-15
“Card wise, yes. Letters, as I have stated, with my letters, he would, you know,
tell me give [H.R.] loves [sic] and kisses. Or tell her daddy will be calling.
Things like that.” (Id.).
{¶31} In finding that Reisinger failed to provide more than de minimis
contact with H.R., the trial court found Patricia “to be less than credible at the
August 16, 2012 hearing,” noting the discrepancy between the October 18, 2011
postmark and November 22, 2011 letter in Movant’s Exhibit A. (June 9, 2014
Judgment Entry, Doc. No. 98, at 11). The trial court also observed that Movant’s
Exhibits B, C, D, and E were undated and that Reisinger and Patricia did not state
with any certainty how many visits H.R. had with Patricia or how often Reisinger
spoke with H.R. during the visits. (Id. at 12). Finally, the trial court took judicial
notice that it was Patricia, not Reisinger, who requested in the Union County court
that Reisinger be granted visitation while in prison. (Id.).
{¶32} The trial court’s finding that Reisinger failed to provide more than de
minimis contact with H.R. was not an abuse of discretion. We begin by noting, as
we did recently in In re Adoption of K.C., that the current version of R.C.
3107.07(A) became effective April 7, 2009. 2014-Ohio-3985, at ¶ 22. “The prior
version of the statute required a finding that the parent failed to ‘communicate’
with the minor child for a period of one year.” Id. “The Legislature amended the
statute to require a finding that the parent failed to ‘provide more than de minimis
-14-
Case No. 8-14-15
contact’ with the minor child for a period of one year.” Id. “‘By changing the
standard from ‘communicate,’ which could imply a single contact, to ‘more than
de minimis contact,’ which seems to imply more than a single contact, the
Legislature indicated its intent to require more effort from the parent to have
contact and communication with the child.’” Id., quoting In re J.D.T., 7th Dist.
Harrison No. 11 HA 10, 2012-Ohio-4537, ¶ 9.
{¶33} The Taylors testified that they knew of no contact between Reisinger
and H.R. for the year preceding their filing their petition to adopt H.R. on June 5,
2012. Between June 5, 2011 and September 2011, Patricia did not have visitation
with H.R., and judging by Reisinger’s and Patricia’s testimony, Reisinger had no
contact with H.R. during that time. And while Reisinger and Patricia testified that
Reisinger called Patricia during Patricia’s visitations with H.R., neither Reisinger
nor Patricia specified on how many occasions Reisinger called. In fact, Patricia
testified that “[s]ometimes a whole month might go by before [she] see[s] [H.R.]
again.” Reisinger introduced no telephone or other records verifying his contacts
with H.R. Finally, as the trial court noted, the cards and letters introduced as
exhibits by Reisinger at the August 16, 2012 hearing were undated, except for one
of the exhibits, Movant’s Exhibit A, which bore a date discrepancy between the
envelope and the letter it contained.
-15-
Case No. 8-14-15
{¶34} For these reasons, we hold that the trial court did not abuse its
discretion in finding that Reisinger failed to provide more than de minimis contact
with H.R. for the one-year period preceding the Taylors’ petition for adoption.1
Based on that holding, and because R.C. 3107.07(A) is written in the disjunctive,
we decline to address the trial court’s finding regarding whether Reisinger
provided maintenance and support to H.R., and we instead proceed to address
whether Reisinger possessed justifiable cause for failing to provide more than de
minimis contact with H.R. for the one-year period preceding the Taylors’ petition
for adoption. See In re Adoption of K.C., 2014-Ohio-3985, at ¶ 21.
{¶35} Reisinger argues that the trial court “wholly failed to make a finding
as to whether a failure to provide support, or failure to contact the child, was
justifiable.” (Appellant’s Brief at 11). Reisinger argues that he testified that he
did not attempt to contact H.R. when she was with the Taylors “because they
would have thrown out his correspondence or blocked his communication with
1
Reisinger argues in a footnote, and without citing authority, that the judge who issued the June 9, 2014
judgment entry “did not, in fact, sit in the actual hearing” but nevertheless said in the June 9, 2014
judgment entry, “This Court also took the opportunity during the hearing on August 16, 2012 to observe the
parties and their testimony, and applied the usual tests of credibility to their testimony, including, but not
limited to, their interest in the outcome.” (Appellant’s Brief at 10, fn. 1, quoting June 9, 2014 Judgment
Entry, Doc. No. 98, at 3). Reisinger takes issue with the successor judge’s finding Patricia’s testimony “to
be less than credible.” (June 9, 2014 Judgment Entry, Doc. No. 98, at 11). Some Ohio courts have held
that a successor judge cannot render a judgment on the transcript when witness credibility is a factor, even
if the parties attempt to stipulate to the contrary. Vergon v. Vergon, 87 Ohio App. 3d 639, 643 (8th
Dist.1993), citing Arthur Young & Co. v. Kelly, 68 Ohio App. 3d 287, 295 (10th Dist.1990); Welsh v.
Brown-Graves Lumber Co., 58 Ohio App. 2d 49, 51-52 (9th Dist.1978). However, we need not and do not
address that issue because even assuming Patricia’s testimony was credible, the testimony and the exhibits
offered at the August 16, 2012 hearing demonstrate that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding
that Reisinger failed to provide more than de minimis contact with H.R.
-16-
Case No. 8-14-15
[H.R.].” (Id. at 11). Reisinger also argues that the Union County court denied him
visitation with H.R. while he is in prison.
{¶36} In addition to the testimony we discussed above, Reisinger testified
on direct examination that he did not send letters to H.R. at the Taylors’ residence
“[b]ecause they will not give it to [H.R.]. They will get it and throw it straight
away.” (Aug. 16, 2012 Tr. at 30). When asked why he thought that, Reisinger
responded, “We do not get along. And they are trying to take my kid. They won’t
even let my family see my daughter. My mom had to go through court just to get
visitation to even see my daughter, because they wouldn’t allow it.” (Id.). When
the Taylors’ counsel asked Reisinger on cross-examination why he did not send
“any information, any packages, any letters, any e-mail or call to the Taylors [sic]
residence where [H.R.] is,” Reisinger responded that he did not send emails
because he “cannot get on the computer” in prison and that, “[a]s far as letters and
stuff, the Taylors would just throw them away.” (Id. at 35). Reisinger
acknowledged that he had the Taylors’ address and that Patricia had the Taylors’
phone number. (Id. at 34-35). Ravonda testified on cross-examination that she
“did not get along” with Reisinger and that Reisinger was “[p]robably not”
“someone that [she] would be comfortable calling up and having a conversation
with.” (Id. at 19-20).
-17-
Case No. 8-14-15
{¶37} When Reisinger’s counsel asked him on direct examination, “Have
you asked for visitation during your incarceration?,” Reisinger responded, “Yes, I
have.” (Emphasis added.) (Id. at 28). However, Ravonda testified that it was
Patricia who requested that she be allowed to take H.R. to the prison where
Reisinger is incarcerated to see Reisinger. (Id. at 15). When asked on direct
examination to “describe [Reisinger’s] relationship with [H.R.],” Patricia
responded:
His relationship is now distant. We have tried since February of
2011 to try to get this situation going. The judge first ruled it was in
the best interest for the child to see the father. But the Taylors have
fought through the long distance and due to the travel time, the judge
had ordered that once he gets closer to home, then she would allow
the visits.
(Emphasis added.) (Id. at 53).
{¶38} We first address Reisinger’s argument that the trial court “wholly
failed” to make a justifiable-cause finding. While the trial court did not mention
the phrase “justifiable cause” in its analysis and findings, it is clear from its
judgment entry that it found that Reisinger’s failure to provide more than de
minimis contact with H.R. was not supported by justifiable cause. R.C.
3107.07(A) provides, “Consent to adoption is not required” if the trial court “finds
-18-
Case No. 8-14-15
by clear and convincing evidence that the parent has failed without justifiable
cause to provide more than de minimis contact with the minor * * * for a period of
at least one year immediately preceding * * * the filing of the adoption petition * *
*.” (Emphasis added.) Particularly in light of the two-step R.C. 3107.07(A)
analysis articulated by the Supreme Court of Ohio in In re Adoption of M.B., the
best practice is for the trial court to state on the record its finding concerning
justifiable cause. 2012-Ohio-236, at ¶ 23. However, Reisinger directed us to no
authority suggesting that the trial court must refer explicitly to “justifiable cause”
in its analysis, and we found none.
{¶39} We next address Reisinger’s substantive arguments concerning
justifiable cause. Once the Taylors established a failure by Reisinger to provide
more than de minimis contact with H.R., the burden of going forward shifted to
Reisinger to show some facially justifiable cause for the failure. In re R.L.H.,
2013-Ohio-3462, at ¶ 9, citing In re A.N.B., 2012-Ohio-3880, at ¶ 10. Based on
our review of the record, we cannot conclude that the determination that justifiable
cause did not exist is against the manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶40} In support of his justifiable-cause position, Reisinger relies on his
incarceration, his sour relationship with the Taylors, and the denied request for
visitations at the prison. We reject Reisinger’s arguments. First, “‘[a] trial court is
not obligated to find justifiable cause exists solely on the basis that a parent is
-19-
Case No. 8-14-15
incarcerated. * * * Instead, when a parent is in prison, reviewing courts have
determined that imprisonment is one of several factors the court should consider.’”
In re J.A.B., 11th Dist. Trumbull No. 2013-T-0114, 2014-Ohio-1375, ¶ 37, quoting
In re Adoption of C.M.F., 12th Dist. Butler Nos. CA2013-06-090 and
CA2013-06-091, 2013-Ohio-4719, ¶ 17. Second, Reisinger based his decision not
to attempt to contact H.R. while she was with the Taylors on Reisinger’s “not
get[ting] along” with the Taylors, not any attempt by the Taylors to obstruct his
communication with H.R. Indeed, Ravonda testified that Reisinger had the
Taylors’ contact information but had “absolutely no contact” with H.R. Finally,
the record contains conflicting evidence concerning whether it was Reisinger or
Patricia who moved for visitation at the prison.2
{¶41} For the foregoing reasons, we hold that the trial court did not err in
concluding that Reisinger’s consent to the Taylors’ adoption of H.R. was not
required under R.C. 3107.07(A) because he failed without justifiable cause to
provide more than de minimis contact with H.R. for a period of at least one year
immediately preceding the filing of the adoption petition. Based on our holding,
2
The trial court took “judicial notice of the pleadings contained within the Union County Common Pleas
Court, Juvenile Court, Case No. 20930056” and found “that [Reisinger] never filed any pleadings * * *
requesting visitation with his daughter while imprisoned. Rather, it was [Reisinger’s] mother who urged *
* * a visitation order for [Reisinger].” (June 9, 2014 Judgment Entry, Doc. No. 98, at 12). “[A] court does
not have the authority to take judicial notice of the proceedings in another case, including its own judgment
entries.” Hurst v. Hurst, 5th Dist. Licking No. 12-CA-70, 2013-Ohio-2674, ¶ 81. Therefore, in our
manifest-weight review, we disregard the trial court’s statements concerning the pleadings in the Union
County case.
-20-
Case No. 8-14-15
we need not and do not address Reisinger’s argument that the trial court
overlooked his timely filed objection.
{¶42} Reisinger’s first assignment of error is overruled.
Assignment of Error No. II
The trial court erred by analyzing the best interest of the child
on the issue of consent, when no evidence was taken at trial as to
best interest, and the court improperly took judicial notice of
another court’s case to make its finding.
{¶43} In his second assignment of error, Reisinger argues that the trial
court erred by addressing H.R.’s best interest in its June 9, 2014 judgment entry
because a child’s best interest is not part of the R.C. 3107.07(A) analysis. While
we agree that a child’s best interest in not part of the R.C. 3107.07(A) analysis, we
concluded above that the trial court did not err in concluding that Reisinger’s
consent was not necessary under R.C. 3107.07(A). The trial court’s best-interest
analysis was surplusage and does not affect our decision to affirm the judgment of
the trial court. See The Ohio Bank v. Wagner, 3d Dist. Allen No. CA-2001-0143,
2002-Ohio-2078, ¶ 13. See also Davis v. Widman, 184 Ohio App. 3d 705, 2009-
Ohio-5430, ¶ 16 (3d Dist.), quoting Advantage Bank v. Waldo Pub, L.L.C., 3d
Dist. Marion No. 9-08-67, 2009-Ohio-2816, ¶ 46 (“[A] judgment by the trial court
which is correct, but for a different reason, will be affirmed on appeal as there is
no prejudice to the appellant.”).
{¶44} Reisinger’s second assignment of error is overruled.
-21-
Case No. 8-14-15
{¶45} Having found no error prejudicial to the appellant herein in the
particulars assigned and argued, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Judgment Affirmed
WILLAMOWSKI, P.J. and SHAW, J., concur.
/jlr
-22-