Johnson v. Geauga Cty. Court of Common Pleas , 2015 Ohio 210 ( 2015 )

[Cite as Johnson v. Geauga Cty. Court of Common Pleas, 2015-Ohio-210.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
ELEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
GEAUGA COUNTY, OHIO
CINSEREE JOHNSON, : OPINION
Relator, :
CASE NO. 2014-G-3206
- vs - :
GEAUGA COUNTY COURT :
OF COMMON PLEAS,
Respondent. :
Original Action for a Writ of Prohibition.
Judgment: Petition dismissed.
Cinseree Johnson, pro se, 12450 Merritt Road, Chardon, OH 44024 (Relator).
James R. Flaiz, Geauga County Prosecutor, and Rebecca F. Schlag, Assistant
Prosecutor, Courthouse Annex, 231 Main Street, Suite 3A, Chardon, OH 44024 (For
Respondent).
THOMAS R. WRIGHT, J.,
{¶1} Relator, Cinseree Johnson, moves this court for leave, as a designated
vexatious litigator, to maintain an original action in prohibition against respondent, the
Geauga County Court of Common Pleas. As the primary basis for her petition, relator
asserts that respondent must be enjoined from exercising jurisdiction in the underlying
criminal case because it lacks territorial jurisdiction over the alleged crimes. According
to her, respondent has no authority to go forward because, if she committed any crimes,
they occurred in Cuyahoga County, not Geauga County. For the following reasons, the
leave is denied.
{¶2} As an initial point, the dissenting opinion asserts that a sentencing
judgment has been issued in the underlying criminal action, thereby rendering the
merits of relator’s prohibition petition moot. However, if such a judgment does exist, a
copy of it has not been introduced into the record of this proceeding. Specifically,
respondents have not moved to dismiss this case on the grounds of mootness, and
attached a certified copy of the purported judgment to the motion.
{¶3} It is important to note that this proceeding is not a direct appeal, but
instead is an original action in prohibition. In such an action, this court is not engaging
in appellate review, but is acting as a trial court. In turn, as a trial court, the scope of our
ability to take judicial notice is limited:
{¶4} “‘A trial court may not take judicial notice of prior proceedings in the court,
but may only take judicial notice of prior proceedings in the immediate case.’ Diversified
Mortgage Investors, Inc. v. Athens Cty. Bd. of Revision (1982), 7 Ohio App. 3d 157, 159,
* * *. See, also, D & B Immobilization Corp. v. Dues (1997), 122 Ohio App. 3d 50, 53,
* * *; In re Knotts (1996), 109 Ohio App. 3d 267, 271, * * *; Woodman v. Tubbs Jones
(1995), 103 Ohio App. 3d 577, 580, * * *; State v. Velez (1991), 72 Ohio App. 3d 836,
838, * * *; Kiester v. Ehler (1964), 9 Ohio App. 3d 52, 56, * * *; Burke v. McKee (1928),
30 Ohio App. 236, 238, * * *. ‘The rationale for this holding is that, if a trial court takes
notice of a prior proceeding, the appellate court cannot review whether the trial court
correctly interpreted the prior case because the record of the prior case is not before the
appellate court.’ Dues, supra, at 53. See Deli Table, Inc. v. Great Lakes Mall (Dec. 31,
1996), Lake App. No. 95-L-012, 1996 Ohio App. LEXIS 5930, at 13; Phillips v. Rayburn
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(1996), 113 Ohio App. 3d 374, 379, 1996 Ohio App. LEXIS 570.” State v. Blaine, 4th
Dist. Highland No. 03CA9, 2004-Ohio-1241, ¶17.
{¶5} Even if the separate prior case was heard by the identical trial court, that
court cannot take judicial notice of any determination made in the separate case.
Rather, any detail about the separate case can only be established through the
submission of evidence. In re Pyle, 7th Dist. Belmont No. 91-B-27, 1992 Ohio App.
LEXIS 2263, *3 (May 6, 1992).
{¶6} Given that the criminal action against relator is a separate case from this
original action, this court cannot take judicial notice of any new decisions in the criminal
case. In the absence of any evidence from the parties regarding new proceedings in
the criminal case, the scope of our review is limited to the allegations in relator’s
prohibition petition. Thus, we will address the merits of relator’s motion for leave to
proceed.
{¶7} “As a general proposition, a writ of prohibition will be issued only when the
relator can demonstrate that: (1) a lower court or judicial officer is preparing to exercise
its judicial authority in a matter; (2) the proposed use of that authority is not permissible
under the law; and (3) there is no alternative legal remedy the relator could employ to
achieve the identical results. State ex rel. The Leatherworks Partnership v. Stuard, 11th
Dist. No. 2002-T-0017, 2002-Ohio-6477, at ¶15. As to the second and third elements
for the writ, this court has emphasized that the absence of an adequate legal remedy is
not necessary when the lack of judicial authority to act is patent and unambiguous; i.e.,
if the lack of jurisdiction is clear, the writ will lie upon proof of the first two elements only.
See State ex rel. Biros v. Logan, 11th Dist. No. 2003-T-0016, 2003-Ohio-5425, at ¶11.
However, if the lack of jurisdiction is not patent and unambiguous, the fact that a party
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can appeal a lower court’s decision bars the issuance of the writ because, when a court
has general jurisdiction over the subject matter of a case, it has the inherent authority to
decide whether that jurisdiction has been properly invoked in a specific instance. State
ex rel. Hummel v. Sadler, 96 Ohio St. 3d 84, 2002-Ohio-3605, * * *, at ¶21.” State ex rel.
Godale v. Geauga Cty. Ct. of Common Pleas, Judicial Branch, 166 Ohio App. 3d 851,
2006-Ohio-2500, ¶6 (11th Dist.). See, also, State ex rel. Swanson v. Hague, 11th Dist.
Ashtabula No. 2009-A-0053, 2010-Ohio-4200, ¶32-33.
{¶8} As to the standard to be applied in determining whether the alleged lack of
jurisdiction is patent and unambiguous:
{¶9} “‘* * * [I]f there is no set of facts under which a trial court or judge could
have jurisdiction over a particular case, the alleged jurisdictional defect will always be
considered patent and unambiguous. On the other hand, if the court or judge generally
has subject matter jurisdiction over the type of case in question and his authority to hear
that action will depend on the specific facts before him, the jurisdictional defect is not
obvious and the court/judge should be allowed to decide the jurisdictional issue.’ State
ex rel. The Leatherworks Partnership v. Stuard, 11th Dist. No. 2002-T-0017, 2002-Ohio-
6477, at ¶19.” McGhan v. Vettel, 11th Dist. Ashtabula No. 2008-A-0036, 2008-Ohio-
6063, ¶52.
{¶10} In her prohibition petition, relator alleges that she was charged and tried
on two fifth-degree felonies. Given that a common pleas court has original jurisdiction
over all felony cases, see State v. Hobbs, 9th Dist Summit No. 25379, 2011-Ohio-3192,
¶25, respondent has general jurisdiction over the subject matter of the underlying case.
Furthermore, the determination of whether respondent has territorial jurisdiction over the
two alleged crimes will turn upon the specific facts proven by the state at trial. As a
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result, respondent has the authority to make the initial determination on the territorial
jurisdiction issue, and appellant has an adequate legal remedy through a direct appeal
of her conviction and sentence.
{¶11} As a separate basis, relator asserts that respondent does not have
personal jurisdiction over her because she is a resident of Cuyahoga County, not
Geauga County. However, a common pleas court’s acquisition of personal jurisdiction
over a criminal defendant does not depend upon the defendant’s county of residence;
instead, personal jurisdiction exists when the defendant has been properly served with
the indictment. See Pishok v. Kelly, 11th Dist. Trumbull No. 2008-T-0093, 2009-Ohio-
287, ¶15. Thus, like relator’s “territorial jurisdiction” allegation, her “personal jurisdiction”
allegation is legally insufficient to state a viable claim for a writ of prohibition. To this
extent, her entire prohibition petition is subject to dismissal under Civ.R. 12(B)(6).
{¶12} After a person has been designated a vexatious litigator, she cannot
institute new proceedings before an appellate court unless that court is satisfied that
there are reasonable grounds for the new proceeding and no abuse of process will take
place if the matter goes forward. Karnofel v. Girard Police Dept., 11th Dist. Trumbull
No. 2013-T-0093, 2013-Ohio-5270, ¶8, quoting R.C. 2323.52(F)(2). In light of our
conclusion that relator’s petition fails to state a viable claim for the writ, she has not
established reasonable grounds to maintain the action. Therefore, since relator cannot
satisfy both requirements for leave under R.C. 2323.52(F)(2), leave to proceed is
denied.
TIMOTHY P. CANNON, P.J., concurs,
COLLEEN MARY O’TOOLE, J., dissents with a Dissenting Opinion.
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____________________
COLLEEN MARY O’TOOLE, J., dissents with a Dissenting Opinion.
{¶13} The following eight cases have been filed by Cinseree Johnson and are
currently pending in this court: Johnson v. Geauga County Court of Common Pleas,
11th Dist. Geauga No. 2014-G-3206 (writ of prohibition); Johnson v. Summit County
Court of Common Pleas, Psycho Diagnostic Clinic, et al., 11th Dist. Geauga No. 2014-
G-3207 (writ of prohibition); State v. Johnson, 11th Dist. Geauga No. 2014-G-3215
(delayed appeal and notice of voluntary dismissal); State v. Johnson, 11th Dist. Geauga
No. 2014-G-3219 (appeal); State v. Johnson, 11th Dist. Geauga No. 2014-G-3223
(appeal); State v. Johnson, 11th Dist. Geauga No. 2014-G-3229 (appeal); State v.
Johnson, 11th Dist. Geauga No. 2014-G-3230 (appeal); and, State v. Johnson, 11th
Dist. Geauga No. 2014-G-3231 (appeal). All relate to the same underlying criminal
action, State v. Johnson, Geauga C.P. No. 12C000142. Ms. Johnson requests various,
and often conflicting, relief from this court. All were filed before the trial court sentenced
her.
{¶14} The majority denies the petitions for writs finding Ms. Johnson cannot
meet the standards for obtaining leave to file the petitions. It dismisses the appeals
because appellant is a vexatious litigator, and has not sought leave of this court to
appeal. R.C. 2323.52(D)(3).
{¶15} I am aware that the courts of Ohio have held that once a person is
designated a vexatious litigator, he or she must seek leave of court to pursue any action
in a court of appeals, even in the criminal setting. See, e.g., Baumgartner v. Duffey,
121 Ohio St. 3d 356, 2009-Ohio-1218, ¶3. I respectfully question this position. The
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vexatious litigator statute, by its terms, is directed at people who “habitually,
persistently, and without reasonable grounds [engage] in vexatious conduct in a civil
action or actions.” (Emphasis added.) R.C. 2323.52(A)(3). I agree the restrictions
placed on vexatious litigators are not reserved simply for civil actions, by the plain
language of the statute. See, e.g., R.C. 2323.52(D)(3). However, “[i]t is a cardinal rule
of statutory construction that a statute should not be interpreted to yield an absurd
result.” Mishr v. Poland Bd. of Zoning Appeals, 76 Ohio St. 3d 238, 240 (1996). I do not
see how applying the restrictions of the vexatious litigator statute to criminal
proceedings, instituted by the state against an individual, forwards the obvious purpose
of the statute, which is to prevent frivolous civil actions.
{¶16} As the majority notes the trial court filed its judgment entry of sentence
December 8, 2014. This is a final appealable order. Consequently, I would dismiss the
petitions for writs as moot, accept the various appeals as prematurely filed under App.R.
4, and consolidate them for disposition. I would further appoint appellant counsel for
purposes of appeal.
{¶17} I respectfully dissent.
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