State v. Bowling , 2015 Ohio 3123 ( 2015 )

[Cite as State v. Bowling, 2015-Ohio-3123.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
State of Ohio, :
Respondent-Appellant, :
No. 15AP-36
v. : (C.P.C. No. 09MS-323)
Charles R. Bowling, : (ACCELERATED CALENDAR)
Petitioner-Appellee. :
D E C I S I O N
Rendered on August 4, 2015
Ron O'Brien, Prosecuting Attorney, and Steven L. Taylor, for
appellant.
Yeura R. Venters, Public Defender, and Emily L. Huddleston,
for appellee.
APPEAL from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas
BRUNNER, J.
{¶ 1} Respondent-appellant, State of Ohio, appeals from a final judgment of the
Franklin County Court of Common Pleas that granted petitioner-appellee, Charles R.
Bowling's, petition to contest reclassification of his status in Ohio as an offender under
Florida's criminal code concerning one or more sexually oriented crimes committed and
adjudicated in Florida. We conclude that the trial court correctly vacated the
reclassification imposed on Bowling by the Ohio Attorney General and the State of Ohio,
reinstating for purposes of Ohio law the classification of sexually oriented offender as to
his previous crimes. The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
No. 15AP-36 2
I. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
{¶ 2} On May 8, 1997, Bowling was convicted of attempted capital battery in
Florida. On his relocation to Ohio, he registered as a sexually oriented offender and, after
the passage of S.B. No. 10, the Adam Walsh Act ("AWA"), he became aware that he had
been reclassified as a Tier III sex offender. He filed a petition contesting the
reclassification on May 19, 2009. He also moved to stay enforcement of community
notification.
{¶ 3} On May 27, 2009, the state filed a motion for leave to file a memorandum
opposing the petition. While the trial court did not issue a ruling on the motion for leave,
Bowling filed a response to the state's included memorandum. Though a hearing date
was set for August 7, 2009, the record contains no indication that any hearing transpired.
On January 9, 2015, the trial court entered an order granting Bowling's petition to contest
the reclassification, reinstating his original classification upon moving to Ohio of sexually
oriented offender, along with the previous registration orders. The court stated: "The
requirements imposed upon [Bowling] by the Adam Walsh Act are a nullity."
II. ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
{¶ 4} The state appeals with the following assignment of error:
THE COMMON PLEAS COURT ERRED IN GRANTING
RELIEF THAT REINSTATED PETITIONER AS A SEXUALLY
ORIENTED OFFENDER WHEN OHIO LAW PROVIDED
THAT PETITIONER IS TREATED AS A SEXUAL
PREDATOR UNDER MEGAN'S LAW.
III. DISCUSSION
{¶ 5} The state maintains that the trial court had no grounds to reinstate
Bowling's classification as a sexually oriented offender under the argument that Bowling
qualified as a sexual predator under Megan's Law before the enactment of the AWA.
Megan's Law required persons convicted of certain listed "sexually oriented offenses" to
register their address and annually verify it for ten years. See former R.C. 2950.04
through 2950.07. Those determined to be habitual sex offenders had a 20-year
registration period (increased to lifetime in 2003). See former R.C. 2950.09. Those
found to be sexual predators were required to register for life with quarterly verification.
No. 15AP-36 3
Sexual predators were subject to community notification, while habitual sex offenders
were subject to such notification if the court ordered it. See former R.C. 2950.11.
{¶ 6} Former R.C. 2950.01(D)(6) provided that out-of-state offenders would be
treated as sexually oriented offenders if any out-of-state offense of which they were
convicted was substantially equivalent to a sexually oriented offense in Ohio. An offender
residing in Ohio on or after July 1, 1997 was required to register if the jurisdiction in
which he was convicted required it. See former R.C. 2950.04(A)(4) (effective March 30,
1999). If such an offender completed a term of imprisonment or detention after July 1,
1997, he was required to register regardless of any duty to register in another state. See
former R.C. 2950.04(A)(5) (effective March 30, 1999). A later amendment created a
presumption that the offender was a sexual predator where the state of conviction
required lifetime registration. See former R.C. 2950.01(G)(5) (effective July 31, 2003).
{¶ 7} The Florida entry on which the state relies is a pre-printed form with the
words "sexual predator" handwritten. The record does not bear any indication that this
form, which the state relies on in making its arguments, is certified as a true and accurate
copy from the records of the state of Florida. No formal or certified adjudication
document has been submitted to support the state's claim that Bowling was determined
by Florida to be a sexual predator. Nor does the Ohio statute, R.C. 2950.031(E), authorize
the trial court or us to interpret Florida (or any other state) law for purposes of
determining whether the original classification applied by Ohio is correct. The statute
authorizes only a determination of whether the new Ohio "Tier" classification applies to
the offender.
If at the conclusion of the hearing the court finds that the
offender or delinquent child has proven by clear and
convincing evidence that the new registration requirements
do not apply to the offender or delinquent child, the court
shall issue an order that specifies that the new registration
requirements do not apply to the offender or delinquent child.
The court promptly shall serve a copy of an order issued under
this division upon the sheriff with whom the offender or
delinquent child most recently registered under
section 2950.04, 2950.041, or 2950.05 of the Revised Code
and upon the bureau of criminal identification and
investigation.
R.C. 2950.031(E).
No. 15AP-36 4
{¶ 8} The trial court issued no ruling on the state's motion for leave to file a
memorandum opposing Bowling's petition to contest his reclassification as a sexual
predator. We therefore presume that the trial court denied the motion. Seff v. Davis,
10th Dist. No. 03AP-159, 2003-Ohio-7029, ¶ 16.
{¶ 9} Under State v. Bodyke, 126 Ohio St.3d 266, 2010-Ohio-2424, the
appropriate remedy for those individuals who have been convicted of sex offenses and
who have been reclassified under the AWA Tier classification scheme, is petitioning for
reinstatement of their prior classification under Megan's Law. In State v. Williams, 129
Ohio St.3d 344, 2011-Ohio-3374, ¶ 21, the Supreme Court of Ohio decided that imposing
current registration requirements on a sex offender whose crime was committed prior to
the enactment of S.B. No. 10 is punitive. Therefore, the AWA, "as applied to defendants
who committed sex offenses prior to its enactment, violates Section 28, Article II of the
Ohio Constitution, which prohibits the General Assembly from passing retroactive laws."
Id.; State v. Smith, 10th Dist. No. 11AP-6, 2012-Ohio-465, ¶ 13.
{¶ 10} Under Bodyke and Williams, Bowling was entitled to have his pre-AWA
classification as a sexually oriented offender reinstated. Bowling's petition was not a
vehicle for the state to challenge his original classification. R.C. 2950.031(E). We
overrule the state's assignment of error.
IV. CONCLUSION
{¶ 11} Having overruled the state's assignment of error, we affirm the judgment of
the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas.
Judgment affirmed.
KLATT and HORTON, JJ., concur.