Foy v. Foy , 2016 Ohio 242 ( 2016 )

[Cite as Foy v. Foy, 2016-Ohio-242.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF MEDINA )
LINDA L. FOY C.A. No. 14CA0113-M
Appellee
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
ENTERED IN THE
JAMES M. FOY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
COUNTY OF MEDINA, OHIO
Appellant CASE No. 11 DR 0609
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: January 25, 2016
MOORE, Judge.
{¶1} Defendant-Appellant James Foy appeals from the judgment of the Medina County
Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division. We affirm in part, and reverse in part.
I.
{¶2} Mr. Foy and Ms. Foy married on August 6, 1994 and one son was born of their
marriage. In October 2011, Ms. Foy filed a complaint seeking a legal separation and Mr. Foy
answered and counterclaimed seeking a divorce. Temporary orders were issued and, beginning
April 2012, Mr. Foy was ordered to pay Ms. Foy $1000 per month in temporary spousal support
inclusive of the 2% processing fee. In calculating temporary child support, the magistrate
included the temporary spousal support payments as income to Ms. Foy and deducted it from
Mr. Foy’s income. Journal entries in the record signed by the trial court evidence that Mr. Foy
made temporary support payments to Ms. Foy in the months from April 2012 through September
2012.
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{¶3} The matter proceeded to a hearing. At the hearing, the parties came to an
agreement with respect to all issues aside from spousal support and child support. The parties’
agreement was reflected in a judgment entry of divorce. Following a hearing on the unresolved
support issues, the trial court entered a separate order awarding Ms. Foy spousal support of $750
per month for 75 months and child support of $403.83 per month plus a 2% processing charge.
{¶4} Mr. Foy filed a motion for reconsideration asking the trial court to calculate child
support after taking into account the money Mr. Foy was ordered to pay in spousal support.
Prior to the trial court ruling on the motion, Mr. Foy filed a notice of appeal. Thereafter, Ms.
Foy filed a notice of cross-appeal. This Court dismissed the attempted appeals because the trial
court failed to issue a single entry in compliance with Civ.R. 75. In November 2014, the trial
court issued an entry labeled “nunc pro tunc” that incorporated the provisions from the agreed
entry and the support entry. In the entry, the trial court noted that, “[a]lthough this Court has
consolidated all issues within this Judgment Entry, it notes that this Judgment Entry does not
represent any change to the substance of the parties’ Agreed Judgment Entry of Divorce, adopted
September 5, 2013, as supplemented with the Court’s final determination of child and spousal
support issued October 29, 2013.”
{¶5} Mr. Foy has appealed, raising three assignments of error for our review, which
will be addressed out of sequence to facilitate our analysis.
II.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED TO [MR. FOY’S] PREJUDICE AND ABUSED
ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT FAILED TO TAKE [MR. FOY’S] BUSINESS
EXPENSES INTO ACCOUNT WHEN IT ORDERED [MR. FOY] TO PAY
[MS. FOY] SPOUSAL SUPPORT IN THE AMOUNT OF $750.00 PER
MONTH FOR 75 MONTHS.
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{¶6} Mr. Foy asserts in his third assignment of error that the trial court erred when it
failed to take into account Mr. Foy’s business expenses from his self-employment as a farrier or
blacksmith when it ordered him to pay Ms. Foy $750 per month in spousal support. We do not
agree.
{¶7} We review a trial court’s award of spousal support for an abuse of discretion.
Madcharo v. Madcharo, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 14CA010547, 2015-Ohio-2191, ¶ 9. An abuse of
discretion implies that the court’s decision is arbitrary, unreasonable, or unconscionable. See
Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219 (1983). R.C. 3105.18(B) provides that, “[i]n
divorce and legal separation proceedings, * * * the court of common pleas may award reasonable
spousal support to either party.” Madcharo at ¶ 9, quoting R.C. 3105.18(B). “‘In determining
whether spousal support is appropriate and reasonable, [and in determining the nature, amount,
and terms of payment, and duration]’ the court shall consider the factors listed in Section
3105.18(C)(1)(a-n).” Madcharo at ¶ 9, quoting R.C. 3105.18(C)(1). Those factors include the
following:
(a) The income of the parties, from all sources, including, but not limited to,
income derived from property divided, disbursed, or distributed under section
3105.171 of the Revised Code;
(b) The relative earning abilities of the parties;
(c) The ages and the physical, mental, and emotional conditions of the parties;
(d) The retirement benefits of the parties;
(e) The duration of the marriage;
(f) The extent to which it would be inappropriate for a party, because that party
will be custodian of a minor child of the marriage, to seek employment outside
the home;
(g) The standard of living of the parties established during the marriage;
(h) The relative extent of education of the parties;
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(i) The relative assets and liabilities of the parties, including but not limited to any
court-ordered payments by the parties;
(j) The contribution of each party to the education, training, or earning ability of
the other party, including, but not limited to, any party’s contribution to the
acquisition of a professional degree of the other party;
(k) The time and expense necessary for the spouse who is seeking spousal support
to acquire education, training, or job experience so that the spouse will be
qualified to obtain appropriate employment, provided the education, training, or
job experience, and employment is, in fact, sought;
(l) The tax consequences, for each party, of an award of spousal support;
(m) The lost income production capacity of either party that resulted from that
party’s marital responsibilities;
(n) Any other factor that the court expressly finds to be relevant and equitable.
R.C. 3105.18(C)(1)(a)-(n).
{¶8} On appeal, Mr. Foy asserts that the trial court failed to take into account his
business expenses when computing a spousal support award. We cannot conclude that Mr. Foy
has demonstrated error. Even assuming the trial court was required to take into account Mr.
Foy’s business expenses in determining an appropriate award of spousal support, Mr. Foy has
not demonstrated that the trial court failed to do so.
{¶9} The trial court’s November 2014 judgment entry discussed the disputes raised at
the hearing over the parties’ incomes. At the hearing, the parties disputed whether Mr. Foy’s
income reported on his tax returns accurately reflected his income from his farrier business, or
whether he underreported his income. Additionally, there was considerable discussion about Mr.
Foy’s poor record keeping as it related to his farrier business. Ultimately, the trial court opted to
use the gross income figures and business expense figures that Mr. Foy testified to at the hearing,
and were contained within his 2009, 2010, and 2011 tax returns, as a basis for determining his
income and business expenses. In so doing, the trial court stated, “[i]nasmuch as the Court finds
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that both parties participated in the financial aspects of [Mr. Foy’s farrier] business and could
have been fully informed of all of the business revenues and expenses if he or she so chose, the
Court finds that for the calculation of support, the parties will have to live with the income they
reported to the IRS and not now seek to attribute to each other income figures that they did not
report to the Internal Revenue Service as income.” The figure used by the trial court, $66,924,
represents an average of the gross receipts Mr. Foy reported on his 2009, 2010, and 2011 income
tax returns. Further, the trial court also averaged the business expenses for those three years that
were reported on his tax returns and testified to at the hearing. The average of his business
expenses was calculated to be $20,511. The trial court stated in its entry, prior to its award of
either spousal or child support, that “[t]he Court finds that [Mr. Foy’s] income for support
purposes is $66,924 with business expenses of $20,511 and [Ms. Foy’s] is $11,333.”
{¶10} It appears that Mr. Foy believes that the trial court failed to consider his business
expenses when determining spousal support, because, during its discussion of spousal support,
the trial court failed to mention any business expenses. Instead, the trial court stated only that,
“[t]he Court previously determined that for support purposes [Ms. Foy] earns annual income of
$11,333 and [Mr. Foy] earns average annual income of $66,924.” While it is true that the trial
court failed to specifically mention Mr. Foy’s business expenses in this section of the November
2014 judgment entry, in its prior October 2013 entry on support issues, in the section on spousal
support, the trial court did reference Mr. Foy’s business expenses. Further, in the November
2014 entry, the trial court specifically stated that, “[a]lthough this Court has consolidated all
issues within this Judgment Entry, it notes that this Judgment Entry does not represent any
change to the substance of the parties’ Agreed Judgment Entry of Divorce, adopted September 5,
2013, as supplemented with the Court’s final determination of child and spousal support issued
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October 29, 2013.” Thus, given the foregoing language, and the fact that the trial court broadly
stated earlier in the November 2014 entry that Mr. Foy’s income “for support purposes [was]
$66,924 with business expenses of $20,511[,]” we cannot conclude that Mr. Foy has
demonstrated that the trial court failed to take into account his business expenses when
determining an appropriate spousal support award. Mr. Foy has not pointed to anything in the
record that would evidence that the trial court failed to use his net income when determining a
spousal support award. See App.R. 16(A)(7).
{¶11} To the extent Mr. Foy is challenging within this assignment of error the trial
court’s failure to consider his 2012 income figures and expenses in fashioning a spousal support
award, we likewise determine that argument is also without merit. While Mr. Foy reported, at
the October 2012 hearing, an estimated income and expenses for 2012, it is clear that the trial
court did not consider his estimate in computing his income and expenses. Mr. Foy has not
provided any authority that would require the trial court to consider his estimates in calculating
his income, given the particular circumstances of this case related above. See App.R. 16(A)(7);
see also Barney v. Barney, 9th Dist. Summit No. 26855, 2013-Ohio-5407, ¶ 16 (discussing the
appropriateness of averaging husband’s income when income levels fluctuated and market
conditions may have affected income fluctuations); Krone v. Krone, 9th Dist. Summit No.
25450, 2011-Ohio-3196, ¶ 18-19. Further, the 2012 tax returns that Mr. Foy has appended to his
brief and relied on for parts of his argument on appeal were not part of the record below and
cannot be considered by this Court on appeal. See State v. Earl, 9th Dist. Lorain No.
12CA010315, 2013-Ohio-3391, ¶ 7. Moreover, the documents are not proper items to be
appended to a brief under this Court’s local rules. See Loc.R. 7(B)(9)(a). Accordingly, the 2012
tax return documents appended to Mr. Foy’s brief are stricken.
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{¶12} To the extent Mr. Foy asserts in this assignment of error that the trial court abused
its discretion in failing to consider additional business expenses listed on his tax returns as
“[e]xpenses for business use of your home[,]” we cannot conclude that Mr. Foy has
demonstrated the trial court abused its discretion. At the hearing, when asked to testify about his
2009, 2010, and 2011 tax returns and the business expenses listed thereon, Mr. Foy did not
mention the amounts listed as “[e]xpenses for business use of your home.” Thus, the figures
used by the trial court in calculating Mr. Foy’s average business expenses were the figures that
Mr. Foy testified to at the hearing concerning his 2009, 2010, and 2011 tax returns. Not once
during the hearing does Mr. Foy mention having these additional business expenses that he now
claims the trial court should have taken into account in averaging his business expenses. Given
the foregoing, we see nothing unreasonable with the trial court relying on Mr. Foy’s testimony
about his business expenses when those same numbers were reflected on his tax returns and Mr.
Foy did not mention the additional business expenses at the hearing that he now seeks to have
included in a calculation of his business expenses.
{¶13} Mr. Foy’s third assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED TO [MR. FOY’S] PREJUDICE AND ABUSED
ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT FAILED TO TAKE [MR. FOY’S] BUSINESS
EXPENSES INTO ACCOUNT WHEN IT ORDERED [MR. FOY] TO PAY A
CHILD SUPPORT OBLIGATION OF $403.83 PLUS 2% PROCESSING
CHARGE PER MONTH.
{¶14} Mr. Foy argues in his second assignment of error that the trial court abused its
discretion in failing to take into account his business expenses when calculating its child support
award. Based upon the circumstances of this case and Mr. Foy’s limited argument, we do not
agree.
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{¶15} “Decisions regarding child support obligations are within the discretion of the
trial court and will not be disturbed without an abuse of discretion.” In re B.P., 9th Dist. Summit
Nos. 27541, 27542, 2015-Ohio-4352, ¶ 9. “In general, a trial court ‘must deduct ordinary and
necessary expenses from a parent’s gross receipts when calculating the gross income of that self-
employed parent.’” Id. at ¶ 11, quoting Wenger v. Wenger, 9th Dist. Wayne No. 02CA0065,
2003-Ohio-5790, ¶ 29; see also R.C. 3119.01(C)(7), (C)(9)(a).
{¶16} Mr. Foy appears to assert that the trial court failed to deduct business expenses
from his income when calculating a child support award. We note that nothing in the record
supports that the trial court completely failed to consider Mr. Foy’s business expenses. As noted
above, the trial court specifically stated in its November 2014 judgment entry that, Mr. Foy’s
income “for support purposes [was] $66,924 with business expenses of $20,511[.]” Further, the
child support worksheet attached to the trial court’s November 2014 judgment entry includes a
$20,511 deduction for ordinary business expenses from Mr. Foy’s income.
{¶17} Instead, it appears that Mr. Foy’s argument is that the trial court should have
included the 2012 tax figures/estimates in its calculations and that the trial court should have
deducted the amounts listed on Mr. Foy’s 2009, 2010, and 2011 tax returns under the heading
“[e]xpenses for business use of your home.” However, for similar reasons to those discussed in
Mr. Foy’s third assignment of error, we also conclude these arguments are without merit. Mr.
Foy has provided little analysis to support his claim and has pointed to no authority that is
directly on point with his factual situation. See App.R. 16(A)(7). Mr. Foy has offered no
analysis that would indicate the trial court abused its discretion.
{¶18} Given the foregoing, we overrule Mr. Foy’s second assignment of error.
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ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED TO [MR. FOY’S] PREJUDICE AND ABUSED
ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT FAILED TO INCLUDE [MR. FOY’S] SPOUSAL
SUPPORT OBLIGATION TO [MS. FOY] AS INCOME FOR [MS. FOY] AND
AS AN ADJUSTMENT TO INCOME FOR [MR. FOY] ON LINES 6C AND 10
RESPECTIVELY OF THE CHILD SUPPORT WORKSHEET, WHICH
RESULTED IN AN ERRONEOUS CHILD SUPPORT OBLIGATION FOR
[MR. FOY] OF $403.83 PLUS 2% PROCESSING CHARGE PER MONTH.
{¶19} Mr. Foy argues in his first assignment of error that the trial court abused its
discretion in failing to include Mr. Foy’s court-ordered spousal support obligation to Ms. Foy as
income to Ms. Foy and as a deduction to Mr. Foy’s income for purposes of computing child
support. Under the circumstances of this case, we agree.
{¶20} R.C. 3119.05(B) provides that, “[w]hen a court computes the amount of child
support required to be paid under a court child support order[,] * * * the amount of any court-
ordered spousal support actually paid shall be deducted from the gross income of that parent to
the extent that payment under the child support order or that payment of the court-ordered
spousal support is verified by supporting documentation.” The child support worksheet includes
a line (line 10) to account for such deduction. See R.C. 3119.022. Moreover, gross income, for
purposes of calculating child support, and as defined in R.C. 3119.01(C)(7), includes “spousal
support actually received[.]” R.C. 3119.01(C)(7).
{¶21} Mr. Foy argues that the trial court failed to add his court-ordered spousal support
payments to Ms. Foy’s income on the child support worksheet and failed to deduct those same
court-ordered payments from his income on the worksheet. Ms. Foy argues that because the
$750 per month spousal support award was ordered in that entry at issue, Mr. Foy could not have
made any payments. Thus, Mr. Foy had not demonstrated that he actually paid the $750 per
month or that Ms. Foy actually received it. See R.C. 3119.05(B), 3119.01(C)(7). Accordingly,
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Ms. Foy maintains that Mr. Foy was not entitled to a deduction on the worksheet and the trial
court was correct in not adding the ordered support payments to her income on the worksheet.
{¶22} We acknowledge that the statutes use the phrases “actually paid” and “actually
received[.]” See R.C. 3119.05(B), 3119.01(C)(7). Nonetheless, this Court has previously taken
the position that court-ordered spousal support payments should be included in the relevant lines
in the child support worksheet. See Zimon v. Zimon, 9th Dist. Medina No. 04CA0034-M, 2005-
Ohio-271, ¶ 8. In Zimon, this Court noted that husband had paid $20,400 in temporary spousal
support over a 17-month period. Id. at ¶ 3. This would amount to $1200 per month in temporary
spousal support. When the trial court issued the final decree, it ordered husband to pay $1600
per month in spousal support, yet it did not include that amount in the child support worksheet as
income to wife or a deduction to husband. See id. at ¶ 6, 8. Husband then raised this issue on
appeal. Id. at ¶ 6. In resolving the appeal, we concluded that the trial court erred in failing to
include as income to wife, and a deduction to husband, the $1600 per month court-ordered
payments. Id. at ¶ 8. In other words, we did not order that the trial court include amounts
already paid in the worksheet, we concluded the trial court should include the amounts it had just
ordered to be paid.
{¶23} The facts of Zimon are very similar to the facts of the instant matter. Here, the
record contains evidence (in the form of journal entries signed by the trial court) that Mr. Foy
made temporary spousal support payments from April 2012 through September 2012. Further,
there is no evidence that Mr. Foy was found in contempt for failing to make temporary spousal
support payments, and, at the hearing, Mr. Foy testified that he was making the payments. In the
final decree, the trial court ordered Mr. Foy to pay Ms. Foy $750 per month in spousal support
for 75 months, yet failed to include that court-ordered support in its calculation of child support.
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Given our precedent, we conclude that the trial court erred in failing in include as income to Ms.
Foy the $750 per month payment and erred in failing to deduct from Mr. Foy’s income the same
payment. Accordingly, the worksheet should reflect a reduction in Mr. Foy’s income of $9000
and an increase in Ms. Foy’s income of $9000.
{¶24} This position has been adopted by the Fifth District. In Worley v. Worley, 5th
Dist. Licking No. 06-CA-63, 2007-Ohio-252, our sister district pointed out the problematic
language in the statute, but nonetheless concluded that “child support calculations should include
those amounts ordered and anticipated to be paid in the instant, subject order.” Id. at ¶ 26. The
Worley court noted that, “[t]o hold otherwise would result in additional proceedings for
modification based on the obligor’s compliance with the instant, subject order. In the event of
noncompliance, contempt of court or modification upward may provide the appropriate remedy.”
Id. Essentially, the Worley court appeared to determine that the language “actually paid” and
“actually received” addressed those situations in which the support payment related to a prior
order, in which case the support would have had to be actually paid or received in order to
qualify for inclusion on the worksheet. See id. at ¶ 26, fn. 1.
{¶25} In light of the foregoing, we conclude the trial court abused its discretion in
failing to include in Ms. Foy’s income the $9000 court-ordered spousal support payments and in
failing to reduce Mr. Foy’s income by the same amount in its child support calculation. The
matter is remanded for the trial court to recalculate its child support award to this extent. Mr.
Foy’s first assignment of error is sustained.
III.
{¶26} Mr. Foy’s first assignment of error is sustained and his second and third
assignments of error are overruled. The judgment of the Medina County Court of Common
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Pleas, Domestic Relations Division is affirmed in part, reversed in part, and the matter is
remanded for proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Judgment affirmed in part,
reversed in part,
and cause remanded.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Medina, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy
of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed equally to both parties.
CARLA MOORE
FOR THE COURT
WHITMORE, P. J.
SCHAFER, J.
CONCUR.
APPEARANCES:
LAURA L. MILLS and PAUL VINCENT, Attorneys at Law, for Appellant.
DAVID L. MCARTOR and KRISTOPHER K. AUPPERLE, Attorneys at Law, for Appellee.