State v. Burnett , 2016 Ohio 2655 ( 2016 )

[Cite as State v. Burnett, 2016-Ohio-2655.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
CLARK COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO :
: Appellate Case No. 2013-CA-98
Plaintiff-Appellee :
: Trial Court Case No. 12-CR-807
v. :
: (Criminal Appeal from
FATE BURNETT, II : Common Pleas Court)
:
Defendant-Appellant :
:
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OPINION
Rendered on the 22nd day of April, 2016.
...........
RYAN A. SAUNDERS, Atty. Reg. No. 0091678, Clark County Prosecutor’s Office, 50 East
Columbia Street, Suite 449, Springfield, Ohio 45502
Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
GARY C. SCHAENGOLD, Atty. Reg. No. 0007144, 4 East Schantz Avenue, Dayton, Ohio
45409
Attorney for Defendant-Appellant
.............
FAIN, J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Fate Burnett, II filed an application to reopen his
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appeal. We agreed to reopen the appeal on the basis that Burnett’s appellate counsel
was ineffective by failing to argue that Burnett’s plea in Case No. 12-CR-807 was not
knowingly, voluntarily and intelligently given.
{¶ 2} Burnett claims that his plea was not knowingly, voluntarily and intelligently
given based on the trial court’s failure to provide accurate information regarding the length
of the maximum sentence possible for his conviction. This issue was not presented by
counsel in the original appeal. As we discussed in his original appeal, Burnett’s plea
agreement was based on a representation that the court could order a maximum
sentence of up to five years, when, in fact, the maximum was only three years, State v.
Burnett, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2013-CA-98, 2014-Ohio-4246, ¶ 14. We agree that the trial
court’s misrepresentation of the maximum sentence Burnett could face by a conviction of
the charged offense compromised Burnett’s ability to make a knowing and intelligent
decision whether to plead guilty in the hope of lenity, or go to trial and risk a maximum
sentence. Therefore, Burnett has established that his plea was not knowing and
intelligent. Consequently, the trial court’s judgment of conviction and sentence in Case
No. 12-CR-807 is Reversed, and this cause is Remanded.
I. The Course of Proceedings
{¶ 3} In 2014, we affirmed Burnett’s conviction in Case No. 12-CR-807 for
Operating A Vehicle While Intoxicated, in violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a). Burnett was
sentenced to four years for the OVI offense. We found the court erred on the four-year
sentence, and reversed for re-sentencing to comply with the statutory maximum of three
years. We affirmed the judgment of the trial court in all other respects. State v. Burnett,
2d Dist. Clark No. 2013-CA-98, 2014-Ohio-4246, ¶ 34.
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{¶ 4} We certified a conflict to the Supreme Court of Ohio between our holding
that the maximum sentence for Burnett’s offense is three years and the judgment in State
v. Mercier, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 13AP-906, 2014-Ohio-2910, which held that the
maximum sentence for the OVI offense is five years. The Supreme Court agreed that a
conflict existed, and held the case for a decision in the appeal of State v. South, 9th Dist.
Summit No. 26967, 2014-Ohio-374. State v. Burnett, 141 Ohio St.3d, 2014-Ohio-5567,
21 N.E.3d 1113. In State v. South, 144 Ohio St. 3d 295, 2015-Ohio-3930, 42 N.E.3d 734,
the Supreme Court of Ohio held that the appropriate sentence for an offender convicted
of an OVI with the repeat OVI offender specification was up to five years for the repeat
offender specification and up to three years for the underlying third-degree OVI offense.
South at ¶ 1. Since Burnett was not charged with, or convicted of, the repeat OVI offender
specification, the maximum sentence for his third-degree OVI conviction was three years.
{¶ 5} Accordingly, the law in our district established in State v. May, 2d Dist.
Montgomery No. 25359, 2014-Ohio-1542, and State v. Burnett, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2013-
CA-98, 2014-Ohio-4246, is consistent with the holding of South, supra, that the maximum
sentence allowed for a third-degree felony OVI is three years. Further, the Supreme Court
of Ohio has now affirmed our earlier judgment in Burnett. State v. Burnett, Slip Opinion
No. 2016-Ohio-127.
II. Burnett’s Plea Was Not Knowingly and Intelligently Made
{¶ 6} In the reopening of his appeal, Burnett raises the following assignment of
error:
APPELLANT’S PLEA IN CASE NO. 12-CR-807 WAS NOT
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KNOWINGLY, VOLUNTARILY AND INTELLIGENTLY GIVEN
{¶ 7} “When a defendant enters a plea in a criminal case, the plea must be made
knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily.” State v. Barker, 129 Ohio St. 3d 472, 2011-Ohio-
4130, 953 N.E.2d 826, ¶ 9. Crim. R. 11 “is in place to ensure that defendants wishing to
plead guilty or no contest do so knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily.” State v. Eggers,
2d Dist. Clark No. 2011-CA-48, 2013-Ohio-3174, ¶ 28, citing State v. Clark, 119 Ohio St.
3d 239, 2008-Ohio-3748, 893 N.E.2d 462. “Crim.R. 11 was adopted in 1973 to give
detailed instructions to trial courts on the procedures to follow before accepting pleas of
guilty or no contest.” Barker at ¶ 9, citing State v. Veney, 120 Ohio St. 3d 176, 2008-Ohio-
5200, 897 N.E.2d 621, ¶ 7. “Crim.R. 11(C) requires a trial judge to determine whether
that criminal defendant is fully informed of his or her rights and understands the
consequences of his or her guilty plea.” Id. at ¶ 10.
{¶ 8} Relevant to this appeal, Crim. R. 11 (C)(2) provides:
In felony cases the court may refuse to accept a plea of guilty or a
plea of no contest, and shall not accept a plea of guilty or no contest without
first addressing the defendant personally and doing all of the following:
(a) Determining that the defendant is making the plea voluntarily, with
understanding of the nature of the charges and of the maximum penalty
involved, and if applicable, that the defendant is not eligible for probation or
for the imposition of community control sanctions at the sentencing hearing.
{¶ 9} The Supreme Court of Ohio has held that strict or literal compliance with
Crim. R.11(C)(2) is required when advising a defendant of the constitutional rights he is
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waiving by entering a plea. Barker at ¶15. However, only substantial compliance is
needed when advising a defendant of rights or statutory mandates that do not arise under
the Constitution. “With respect to these non-constitutional rights, a court's ‘substantial
compliance’ with the rule is all that is necessary.” State v. Cole, 2d Dist. Montgomery No.
26122, 2015-Ohio-3793, ¶ 12, citing State v. Nero, 56 Ohio St. 3d 106, 108, 564 N.E.2d
474 (1990). “Substantial compliance means that under the totality of the circumstances
the defendant subjectively understands the implications of his plea and the rights he is
waiving.” Id. “[B]ecause Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) and (b) involve non-constitutional rights, the
trial court need only substantially comply with those requirements.” State v. Earnest, 2d
Dist. Montgomery No. 26646, 2015-Ohio-3913, ¶ 26. “Furthermore, when non-
constitutional rights are at issue, a defendant who challenges his guilty plea on the basis
that it was not knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily made generally must show a
prejudicial effect.” State v. Nawman, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2014-CA-6, 2015-Ohio-447, ¶ 30
citing State v. Veney, 120 Ohio St. 3d 176, 2008-Ohio-5200, 897 N.E.2d 621, ¶ 17.
{¶ 10} “When the trial judge does not substantially comply with Crim. R. 11 in
regard to a non-constitutional right, reviewing courts must determine whether the trial
court partially complied or failed to comply with the rule.” State v. Brown, 2d Dist.
Montgomery Nos. 24520, 24705, 2012-Ohio-199, ¶ 21. If the trial judge partially
complied, the plea may be vacated only if the defendant demonstrates a prejudicial effect.
State v. Clark, 119 Ohio St. 3d 239, 2008-Ohio-3748, 893 N.E.2d 462, ¶ 32. Prejudice in
this context means that the plea would otherwise not have been entered. Veney at ¶ 15.
{¶ 11} We have reversed convictions, finding that a plea was not knowingly and
intelligently made, when the defendant was not accurately informed of a maximum
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penalty. See, e.g., State v Landgraf, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2014 CA 12, 2014-Ohio-5448;
State v. Branham, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2013 CA 49, 2014-Ohio-5067. See also State v.
Sarkozy, 117 Ohio St. 3d 86, 2008-Ohio-509, 881 N.E.2d 1224. Although both Landgraf
and Branham involved misinformation regarding the possible maximum penalty if the
defendant violated the conditions of post-release control, the same principle applies that
inaccurate information regarding the maximum penalty can invalidate a plea. The
Supreme Court of Ohio has held that the “incorrect recitation of the law fails to meet the
substantial compliance standard.” State v. Clark, 119 Ohio St. 3d 239, 2008-Ohio-3748,
893 N.E.2d 462, ¶ 39. “[T]he trial judge must convey accurate information to the defendant
so that the defendant can understand the consequences of his or her decision and enter
a valid plea.” Id. at ¶ 26.
{¶ 12} We have also held that when the trial court completely fails to comply with
one of the non-constitutional requirements of Crim. R. 11, prejudice does not need to be
demonstrated. State v. Jones, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 25688, 2014-Ohio-5574, ¶11. In
Jones, we found that the trial court completely failed to comply with Crim R. 11(C)(2)(b)
when it failed to verbally inform the defendant that the effect of his no contest plea was
not an admission of guilt, but an admission of the facts alleged in the complaint, and that
the plea shall not be used against him in any subsequent civil or criminal proceeding,
even though the trial court did explain the maximum potential sentence the defendant
could receive and the rights he was waiving upon entering his plea. Id. at ¶ 14. Similarly,
we conclude that the failure to accurately inform the defendant of the consequences of
his plea with regard to the maximum possible penalty for a conviction of the charged
offense is a complete failure to comply with the mandate of Crim. R. 11(C)(2)(a).
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{¶ 13} In the present case, the trial court did not convey accurate information to
Burnett so that he could understand the consequences of his decision to waive his
constitutional rights and enter a plea. Without knowing the maximum penalty allowed for
the conviction, a defendant’s ability to weigh the risks of taking the case to trial and
perhaps facing a maximum sentence, versus entering a plea and perhaps receiving a
more lenient sentence, is compromised. If Burnett had known that he was only facing, as
a worst-case scenario, a three-year sentence on an OVI conviction, he may have chosen
to proceed to trial, rather than enter a plea and hope that the court would sentence him
to less than a maximum sentence, based on his cooperation and genuine remorse, which
are statutory factors the court must consider in sentencing. See R.C. 2929.12. The risks
of a jury trial may not subjectively seem as daunting when the worst possible outcome is
a sentence of three years imprisonment, as opposed to a possible five-year sentence.
Therefore, we conclude that the trial court completely failed to comply with the
requirements of Crim. R. 11. Even though prejudice need not be shown, we nonetheless
conclude that Burnett was prejudiced because there is a substantial possibility that he
would not have tendered a plea if he had accurate information upon which to base his
decision. The assignment of error raised in the reopening of the appeal is sustained.
III. Conclusion
{¶ 14} The sole assignment of error in this re-opened appeal having been
sustained, our prior judgment in this appeal, issued on September 26, 2014, is vacated,
as required by App. R. 26(B)(9), to the extent that it affirmed the conviction in Case No.
12-CR-807. The judgment of the trial court is reversed. Our reversal of the sentence, as
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set forth in our prior judgment, and as affirmed by the Supreme Court of Ohio, making the
maximum potential sentence for the OVI offense for which defendant was charged to be
three years, remains the law of the case, but this cause is Remanded for the purpose of
vacating the defendant-appellant’s guilty plea, and conducting further proceedings
consistent with this opinion.
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FROELICH, J., and HALL, J., concur.
Copies mailed to:
Ryan A. Saunders
Gary C. Schaengold
Hon. Douglas M. Rastatter