Gen. Elec. Credit Union v. Medow , 2016 Ohio 3266 ( 2016 )

[Cite as Gen. Elec. Credit Union v. Medow, 2016-Ohio-3266.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
GENERAL ELECTRIC CREDIT : APPEAL NO. C-150618
UNION, f.k.a. GENERAL ELECTRIC TRIAL NO. A-1308506
EVENDALE EMPLOYEES FEDERAL :
CREDIT UNION, O P I N I O N.
:
Plaintiff-Appellee,
:
vs.
:
SHARON K. MEDOW,
:
Defendant-Appellant,
:
and
:
ESTATE OF MIRIAM L. MEDOW, et
al., :
Defendants. :
Civil Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas
Judgment Appealed From Is: Affirmed
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: June 3, 2016
Statman, Harris & Eyrich, LLC, and William B. Fecher, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
Montgomery, Rennie & Jonson, LPA, Elaine M. Stoll, Anthony P. McNamara and
Ralph E. Burnham, for Defendant-Appellant.
Please note: this case has been removed from the accelerated calendar.
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
SYLVIA S. HENDON, Judge.
{¶1} The sole issue in this foreclosure action is whether a mortgage issued
to plaintiff-appellee General Electric Credit Union (“G.E.”) on the subject property
has priority over a dower interest in the property held by defendant-appellant
Sharon Medow. Because the trial court correctly determined that G.E.’s mortgage
had priority, we affirm its judgment.
Facts and Procedure
{¶2} The property being foreclosed upon in this action is located at 8869
Fontainebleau Terrace in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 2007, Miriam and Martin Medow,
then-owners of the property, obtained an equity line of credit from G.E., and granted
G.E. a mortgage interest in the property as part of the transaction. The mortgage
was recorded on January 29, 2007. Sometime after issuing the mortgage, Martin
Medow passed away. Miriam Medow passed away in May of 2013, and her son,
William Medow, inherited title to the property. A balance remained on G.E.’s loan at
the time of William Medow’s inheritance. William had married Sharon in 1973.
When William inherited title to the property in 2013, Sharon received a dower
interest in the property.
{¶3} After inheriting the property, William Medow defaulted on the
payments due to G.E., and G.E. filed an action for foreclosure. Both William and
Sharon were named as defendants in the action. Sharon filed a counterclaim against
G.E., asserting that her dower interest had priority over G.E.’s mortgage and that she
was entitled to receive the present value of her dower interest, approximately
$2,000, from the sale of the property. Sharon and G.E. filed competing motions for
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
summary judgment on the issue of priority. The trial court determined that the
mortgage issued to G.E. had priority over Sharon’s dower interest, and it accordingly
denied Sharon’s motion for summary judgment and granted the motion filed by G.E.
Sharon appealed that judgment to this court. But because the foreclosure action was
still pending, we determined that Sharon’s appeal had not been perfected and that
we were without jurisdiction to consider it. See General Electric Credit Union v.
Meadows, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-150230, 2015-Ohio-5480.
{¶4} While the appeal before this court was pending, G.E. filed both a
motion for summary judgment and a motion for a default judgment seeking
judgment on its complaint and a decree ordering foreclosure on the property. A
magistrate with the court of common pleas granted both motions, finding that G.E.’s
loan was in default and that G.E. was entitled to foreclose on the property. The
magistrate reiterated that G.E.’s mortgage had priority over Sharon’s dower interest.
Sharon filed objections to the magistrate’s decision. The trial court overruled
Sharon’s objections and adopted the decision.
{¶5} Sharon now appeals. In her sole assignment of error, she argues that
the trial court erred in denying her motion for summary judgment and determining
that her dower interest did not have priority over G.E.’s mortgage.
Standard of Review
{¶6} We review a trial court’s grant of summary judgment de novo. See
Grafton v. Ohio Edison Co., 77 Ohio St. 3d 102, 105, 671 N.E.2d 241 (1996).
Summary judgment is appropriately granted when there exist no genuine issues of
material fact, the party moving for summary judgment is entitled to judgment as a
matter of law, and the evidence, when viewed in favor of the nonmoving party,
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
permits only one reasonable conclusion that is adverse to that party. See State ex rel.
Howard v. Ferreri, 70 Ohio St. 3d 587, 589, 639 N.E.2d 1189 (1994).
The Mortgage has Priority
{¶7} This court has described dower as “an interest in real estate that is
intended to protect a non-title holding spouse.” Std. Fed. Bank v. Staff, 168 Ohio
App.3d 14, 2006-Ohio-3601, 857 N.E.2d 1245, ¶ 16 (1st Dist.). The right of dower is
set forth in R.C. 2103.02, which provides that “[a] spouse who has not relinquished
or been barred from it shall be endowed of an estate for life in one third of the real
property of which the consort was seized as an estate of inheritance at any time
during the marriage.” R.C. 2103.02. In other words, when only one spouse takes
title to a property during marriage, the right of dower grants the non-title holding
spouse a one-third life-estate interest in the property, unless the interest has been
relinquished or barred.
{¶8} The parties do not dispute that Sharon had a dower interest in the
subject property. Nor do they dispute that she was entitled to receive the present
value of her interest following a foreclosure sale on the property. See R.C. 2103.041.
But each party contends that its respective interest has priority over that held by the
other party. G.E. argues that its mortgage has priority because it was granted years
before Sharon received her dower interest, and, consequently, that Sharon inherited
her dower interest subject to the mortgage. But Sharon argues that her dower
interest has priority over G.E.’s mortgage because she was not a signatory on the
mortgage and has taken no action to subordinate her interest.
{¶9} There is little case law on how to establish the priority of a dower
interest. R.C. 2103.041 provides that a dower interest may be foreclosed upon, and
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
that the spouse holding the interest shall be awarded “a sum of money equal to the
present value of the dower interest, to be paid out of the proceeds of the sale
according to the priority of the interest.” (Emphasis added.) See R.C. 2103.041.
But neither this statute, nor any other statutes pertaining to dower in R.C. Chapter
2103 or 5305, discusses how the priority of a dower interest is established.
{¶10} The law is well-settled that, when a married person conveys a
mortgage or interest in property that is held in the name of that spouse only, the
mortgage will not be effective against the non-title holding spouse’s dower interest
unless that spouse has also signed the mortgage or document conveying the interest.
See Std. Fed. Bank, 168 Ohio App. 3d 14, 2006-Ohio-3601, 857 N.E.2d 1245, at ¶ 21.
Sharon cites several cases that rely on this proposition of law to support her
argument that her dower interest has priority over G.E.’s mortgage because she took
no action to subordinate her interest. See id.; Deutsche Bank Trust Co. Americas v.
Smith, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 89738, 2008-Ohio-2778. But this law has no
relevance to the case before us, as the mortgage on the subject property was not
granted by William Medow during his marriage to Sharon; rather, it was granted by a
third party before William Medow inherited the property.
{¶11} A similar factual situation was addressed by a federal bankruptcy court
in In Re Wycuff, 332 B.R. 297 (Bankr.N.D.Ohio 2005). In Wycuff, a wife owned
property that was subject to a mortgage before she married her husband. Upon their
marriage, the husband acquired a dower interest in the wife’s property. The spouses
later filed for bankruptcy, and the Wycuff court had to determine the priority of
interests between the mortgage lien on the property, the dower interest, and the
bankruptcy estate. As relevant to this appeal, the court determined that the
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
mortgage lien had priority over the non-title holding spouse’s dower interest. Id. at
302. In reaching its determination, the court reasoned that dower, like a mortgage,
is an interest in property subject to the “first in time, first in right” rule. Id. The
court held that “to the extent that a mortgage interest (or for that matter, any other
interest in property) arises prior in time to the creation of the dower interest - that is,
at the time of the parties’ marriage - it will be superior in right.” Id.
{¶12} We find the reasoning employed by the Wycuff court persuasive. The
subject property was already encumbered by the mortgage when William Medow
received it by inheritance. Consequently, he took the property subject to the
mortgage. Sharon likewise received her dower interest subject to the mortgage.
Sharon’s argument that her dower interest had priority because she had taken no
action to subordinate it to the mortgage is somewhat disingenuous. Sharon never
had the ability to voluntarily subordinate her dower interest to the mortgage because
the mortgage was granted prior to the creation of the dower interest.
{¶13} If this court were to conclude that Sharon’s dower interest had priority
over a valid mortgage granted approximately six years before her dower interest was
created, it would have a devastating effect on lending institutions. In order to ensure
priority before granting a mortgage on a piece of property, a bank would need to
determine who could potentially inherit that property in the future, as well as who
that inheritor could potentially marry, and have those persons subordinate any
possible future dower interest. Such a determination is impractical, if not
impossible, and banks would have no way to protect themselves against future dower
interests.
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶14} The trial court did not err in denying Sharon’s motion for summary
judgment and in determining that G.E.’s mortgage had priority over Sharon’s dower
interest. Sharon’s assignment of error is overruled, and the judgment of the trial
court is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
FISCHER, P.J., and STAUTBERG, J., concur.
Please note:
The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.
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