Watercutter v. State , 21 Ala. App. 248 ( 1926 )

The search of defendant's premises without a search warrant was an illegal act, but that fact does not prevent the introduction of evidence as to what was found by the officers making the search. Being collateral merely, the production of the search warrant is not necessary in making proof that a search was in fact made.

If the parts of the distilling outfit found on defendant's premises had been offered in evidence, such parts would have been admissible, but, in the absence of the still, evidence describing the parts is admissible. The best evidence rule applies exclusively to documentary evidence, and does not apply to proof of the nature, appearance, and condition of mere physical objects, but these facts may be proven by parol without offering the objects themselves or accounting for their absence. 22 Corpus Juris, p. 979, par. 1225. The foregoing applies to all those rulings of the trial court relative to the evidence describing the still and the court's instruction to the jury to the effect that the state was not required to produce the parts of the still before offering evidence as to its description.

As to whether a search warrant was issued, authorizing a search of defendant's premises was in this case immaterial, as was also any condemnation proceedings instituted against defendant's property. The court did not err in excluding this testimony.

The excerpts from the solicitor's argument to the jury are not such as to constitute reversible error. It may be, the solicitor should not have referred to defendant's attorney by name, but Mr. Scott had been vigorous in defense of this defendant, and the remark may be taken as incidental in the heat of debate, and does not deserve the condemnation of being unethical. The other excerpts were not the statements of facts outside the record, but were used by way of exhortation, which is permissible.

The evidence was in conflict, and hence the affirmative charge was properly refused, and refused charges 4 and 5 were substantially covered in the oral charge of the court.

We find no error in the record, and the judgment is affirmed.

Affirmed.