Hall v. Imperial Water Co. No. 3 , 200 Cal. 77 ( 1926 )

THE COURT.

This is a motion to dismiss each of two appeals herein on the ground that the orders appealed from are not appealable orders. By stipulation of the parties, said two appeals have been consolidated.

On May 10, 1917, the appellant instituted a separate action against each of the above-named respondents in the superior court of the county of Imperial to recover damages for injuries to her land, alleged to have been caused by the seepage of water from the irrigation canals of said respondents. Judgment was entered in each of said actions on July 1, 1924, awarding damages to the appellant, and thereafter, on July 7, 1924, she filed a notice of motion for new trial in each cause. Among other grounds, the notices stated that the respective motions would be based on the alleged disqualification of the trial judge to hear said causes. The motions for new trial, however, were never made in open court. The time within which appeals from the judgments might be perfected and within which proceedings on motion for new trial would have to be determined has elapsed without any steps having been taken by the appellant in those directions other than as above indicated. Subsequently, and on February 18, 1925, approximately seven and one-half months after said judgments were entered, appellant served and filed notices of motion to vacate and set aside each of said judgments on the ground that the judge who tried the causes was disqualified by reason of his owning real property in the Imperial Irrigation District. These latter motions came on for hearing in the court below on March 27, 1925, and were denied on May 29, 1925, by Honorable M.S. Marsh, Judge of the superior court of the county of San Diego, sitting as a judge of the superior court of the county of Imperial. As already indicated, the appeals herein are from the orders denying said motions to vacate and set aside the judgments in the above-entitled causes.

Respondents move to dismiss the consolidated appeals on the ground that an order refusing to vacate and set aside a judgment is not an appealable order. It is contended that there are but two exceptions to this rule, namely, where the matter specified in the motion to vacate could not have been reviewed on an appeal from the judgment and where the judgment affects injuriously one who is not a formal party to the action or, if a party, he has not received due notice so that the judgment as to him has been given improperly and ex parte. It is then urged that the instant appeals do not come within either of said exceptions for the alleged disqualification of the trial judge "was the ground for the motion to vacate the judgment" and "was also the chief ground for her motion for a new trial," and "the question of disqualification, being before the court below, on motion for new trial, its ruling on the matter was reviewable on appeal from the judgment," thus precluding, it is asserted, the instant appeals from the orders refusing to vacate and set aside the judgments on said ground.

In opposition thereto the appellant urges, among other things, that to grant respondents' motion to dismiss the appeals herein "would be setting at nought the rule that the judgment and all of the acts of a judge disqualified for interest . . . are absolutely void and must be disregarded wherever the fact of disqualification is made to appear. . . ."

Preliminary to a consideration of the question presented herein the following pertinent and well-settled principles should be kept in mind:

Since the 1915 amendment to section 963 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Stats. 1915, p. 209) an order denying a motion for new trial is not an appealable order. (Hughes v. De Mund, 195 Cal. 242, 246 [233 P. 94]; sec. 963, Code Civ. Proc.)

The legislature has provided, however, by means of an amendment to section 956 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Stats. 1915, p. 328), that such an order is reviewable on an appeal from the judgment. (Hughes v. De Mund, supra; sec. 956, Code Civ. Proc.)

Under the general rule an order refusing to vacate and set aside a judgment is likewise not an appealable order. (In reYoder, 199 Cal. 699 [251 P. 205]; Bell v. Solomons,162 Cal. 105, 109 [121 P. 377].)

An exception to this latter rule provides that an order denying a motion to vacate and set aside a judgment is appealable where the record on an appeal from the judgment would not disclose the ground of the motion. (In re Yoder, supra; Kent v. Williams,146 Cal. 3, 11 [79 P. 527].) As stated in In re Yoder, supra, such an order is an appealable order where the circumstances are such that an appeal from the judgment "would be vain for lack of a record showing the rights of the aggrieved party."

In our opinion an application of the foregoing principles to the instant appeals requires that they be dismissed. As stated above, the appellant herein instituted proceedings for new trial in each cause by filing her notices of intention to move for such relief. And, though these motions were never made viva voce, the new trial proceedings were terminated in each cause by the expiration of the statutory period (sec. 660, Code Civ. Proc.) and would be reviewable on an appeal from the respective judgments. This being so, the orders denying appellant's motions to vacate and set aside the judgments are not appealable orders for they present matters which would have been reviewable on appeals from the judgments.

Moreover, the motions to vacate the judgments were made, as indicated above, approximately seven and one-half months after the entry of said judgments. The authorities declare that a motion to vacate a judgment not void on its face, as is the case here, must by analogy with the provisions of section 473 of the Code of Civil Procedure be made within six months from the entry thereof. (Consolidated Constr. Co. v. Pacific E. Ry. Co., 184 Cal. 244, 247 [193 P. 238];People v. Davis, 143 Cal. 673, 675 [77 P. 651].)

For the foregoing reasons the motion to dismiss the consolidated appeals herein is hereby granted.

Shenk, J., being disqualified, did not participate.