Perry v. Kelford Coca-Cola Bottling Co. ( 1929 )

A former appeal in this case is reported, ante, 175. It was there held that the evidence objected to was competent. The defendant now insists that at the last trial additional evidence was offered and improperly excluded. True, one or two exceptions not appearing in the record of the former appeal are noted and brought forward in the appellant's brief, but all are to be determined by the application of one principle: evidence of the occurrence of similar events is probative on an issue as to whether a like occurrence happened at another time. "Evidence of similar occurrences is admitted where it appears that all the essential physical conditions on the two occasions were identical; for under such circumstances the observed uniformity of nature raises an inference that like causes will produce like results, even though there may be some dissimilarity of conditions in respect to a matter which cannot reasonably be expected to have affected the result." 22 C. J., 751, sec. 840; Pritchett v. R. R., 157 N.C. 88;Leathers v. Tobacco Co., 144 N.C. 330; Dorsett v. Mfg. Co., 131 N.C. 254. Testimony as to the purchase of the bottle a few days before the trial was competent, if not as substantive evidence at least as corroborative of the plaintiff's theory that the presence of glass in the bottle which he purchased was not an unforeseeable contingency, but one of a series of similar occurrences preceding and following the date of the alleged injury.

Exceptions were entered to the court's refusal to dismiss the action and to give certain of the defendant's prayers for instructions; but as to these an inspection of the record fails to disclose any reversible error, except in reference to punitive damages.

On the cross-examination A. C. Johnson, general manager of the defendant company, testified: "I say that no complaint of any foreign substances being in bottles has been made to me direct, except through my truck drivers, and I have had several complaints made through them. No, I made no investigation as result of what the drivers told me because I knew it was impossible for foreign substances to get in the bottles." He had previously said, "Never before this time during our whole operations has any complaint been made to me of any foreign substance being in a bottle. This is the first called to my attention. I have heard the boys on the truck say they had."

The trial judge declined the defendant's prayer that punitive damages could not be awarded, and gave the jury this instruction: "Punitive damage is not a matter of right, but a matter of discretion of the jury. If you find that the defendant was carelessly negligent, that he was wantonly negligent, and even wilfully did the acts complained of, I say you may find that, and you may still say whether you allow damages or not, you may allow damages as a punishment to him, as an example to others, but you are not compelled to do so."

In Tripp v. Tobacco Co., 193 N.C. 614, many of the authorities relating to punitive damages are reviewed and the following conclusion announced: "Punitive, vindictive or exemplary damages, sometimes called smart money, are allowed in cases where the injury is inflicted in a malicious, wanton and reckless manner. The defendant's conduct must have been actually malicious or wanton, displaying a spirit of mischief towards the plaintiff, or of reckless and criminal indifference to his rights."

This is in accord with previous decisions, among them the cited case ofHolmes v. R. R., 94 N.C. 318: "Punitive damages are never awarded except in cases `when there is an element either of fraud, malice, such a degree of negligence as indicates a reckless indifference to consequences, oppression, insult, rudeness, caprice, wilfulness, or other causes of aggravation in the act or omission causing the injury.'"

The record does not disclose such a "spirit of mischief or of criminal indifference to civil obligations" as would entitle the plaintiff to an award of punitive damages. Picklesimer v. R. R., 194 N.C. 40.

The fourth and fifth issues should not have been submitted to the jury. They will therefore be stricken from the judgment, the plaintiff being entitled only to compensatory damages. As thus modified the judgment is affirmed.

Modified and affirmed.