Bateman v. Western Star Milling , 1 Tex. Civ. App. 90 ( 1892 )

January 5, 1891, in the District Court of Tarrant County, appellee, as plaintiff, brought this suit against appellants, as defendants, upon certain acceptances in the aggregate sum of $1422.82. From a judgment in behalf of appellee for this amount, rendered June 25, 1891, appellants prosecute this appeal.

There is in the record an agreed statement of the facts proved. The terms of this agreement, with reference to the interstate character of the transaction involved and hereinbelow referred to, are to some extent vague and indefinite. As interpreted by us, however, and by the parties in their briefs, the agreement shows substantially as follows:

That at the date of the acceptances and of the institution of this suit, and of the rendition of the judgment, the plaintiff was a foreign corporation for pecuniary profit, organized under the laws of the State of Kansas, and that at said dates it was and had been, through its commercial agents and otherwise, soliciting business in the State of Texas, and as such had sold goods to the defendants in this cause and to various other persons and firms in Texas; that it had no general office or special place of business in this State; that at said dates it had failed to file its articles of incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Texas, for the purpose of procuring a permit under the provisions of the Act of the Legislature of the State of Texas, approved April 3, 1889; that the acceptances sued on were executed in consideration of certain goods and merchandise purchased by the defendants in Fort Worth, Texas, from plaintiff, through its commercial agent or drummer; that in pursuance of said purchase the goods in question were shipped by the appellee in the State of Kansas, thence transported and delivered to the appellants in Fort Worth, Texas.

The Act of the Legislature referred to requires that foreign corporations (save in certain specified cases) desiring "to transact business in this State, or solicit business in this State, or establish a general or special office in this State," shall file with the Secretary of State a duly certified copy of their articles of incorporation. It further provides, that on failure to so file such articles of incorporation, "no such corporation can maintain any suit or action, either legal or equitable, in any of the courts of this State, upon any demand," etc. It further provides, that in order to procure such permit, such corporation shall pay a fee, ranging from $25 to $200, according to the amount of its capital stock.

The contention of appellants is, that the failure of plaintiff to comply with the Act of the Legislature above referred to defeats its right to maintain this suit. The contention of appellee is, that to it, as a foreign corporation engaged in interstate commerce, this statute is inapplicable; or, if sought to be applied, that it is unconstitutional and void — that it is repugnant to the "commerce clause" of the Federal Constitution.

The principle is well established, that it rests purely within the discretion of a State to recognize or to repudiate a foreign corporation; that it can, if such be its pleasure, exclude such a corporation entirely, or admit it conditionally. This principle, however, is not of universal application. A very emphatic and well fixed instance in which it does not obtain, is where a foreign corporation is engaged in interstate or foreign commerce. Horn Silver Mining Co. v. New York, 143 U.S. 314. That provision of the Federal Constitution which provides that "Congress shall have power to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the several States," constitutes such regulation a domain of legislation peculiarly within Federal prerogative.

The question then arises: Was the corporation plaintiff in this case engaged in interstate commerce, within the meaning of the Federal Constitution?

The record, as we understand it, discloses that plaintiff corporation shipped, from its domicile in Kansas, goods and merchandise to Fort Worth, Texas, and there delivered them, or caused them to be delivered, to appellants, for which the indebtedness sued on was contracted. These goods were commodities of barter and sale — the essence of commerce; and the business in which the corporation plaintiff was engaged consisted in transactions of this character. It must be held, therefore, that the sale, transportation, and delivery of merchandise under such circumstances, and in the transaction of such business from one State to another, constituted an interstate commercial transaction within the meaning of the commerce clause in question, which applies as well to commerce carried on by corporations as to that carried on by individuals. Paul v. Virginia, 8 Wall., 181; Robbins v. Taxing District,120 U.S. 489; Ferry Co. v. Pennsylvania, 111 U.S. 196; see also opinion of Matthews and Blatchford, Justices, in Mfg. Co. v. Ferguson, 113 U.S. 727; Crutcher v. Kentucky,141 U.S. 47-62.

We are constrained, therefore, to hold, by virtue of an unavoidable construction of the authorities cited, that the statute invoked, if applied to the corporation plaintiff in this case and to its transactions, would impose conditions and restraints upon interstate commerce; that it would regulate interstate commerce. So understood and so applied, it is in conflict with the constitutional provision referred to, and must be deemed inoperative and void. Singer Mfg. Co. v. Hardee, 16 Pac. Rep., 605; Ware v. Shoe Co., 9 So. Rep., 136.

The opinions in the cases last cited, from the Supreme Courts of New Mexico and Alabama respectively, are particularly pertinent here. There are doubtless, however, cases in which the statute in question would be effective, and beneficially so; but it must be held not to be applicable in this case.

Appellants addressed to the plaintiff's petition a special exception, the overruling of which they have assigned as error. We lay no stress upon this assignment, as in the light of the facts subsequently fully developed, any error committed in reference to the special exception was rendered wholly immaterial.

The judgment is affirmed.

Affirmed.