State v. Reyes , 2016 Ohio 5673 ( 2016 )

[Cite as State v. Reyes, 2016-Ohio-5673.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
ELEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
PORTAGE COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : OPINION
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
CASE NO. 2016-P-0010
- vs - :
WALTER E. REYES, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal from the Portage County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 2009 CR
0623.
Judgment: Affirmed.
Victor V. Vigluicci, Portage County Prosecutor, Pamela J. Holder, Assistant
Prosecutor, 241 South Chestnut Street, Ravenna, OH 44266 (For Plaintiff-Appellee).
Walter E. Reyes, pro se, PID: A590-238, Madison Correctional Institution, P.O. Box
740, 1851 State Route 56, London, OH 43140 (Defendant-Appellant).
THOMAS R. WRIGHT, J.
{¶1} Appellant, Walter E. Reyes, appeals the trial court’s denial of his third
motion to withdraw his guilty plea. He asserts that the motion should have been
granted because his evidentiary materials were sufficient to show that his guilty plea
was not taken in compliance with Crim.R. 11(C). We affirm.
{¶2} Appellant was initially charged with twelve felony sex offenses under two
indictments. In June 2010, he pleaded guilty to four counts of rape and one count of
violating a protection order. The state dismissed the remaining rape counts and six
counts of unlawful sexual conduct with a minor.
{¶3} One month later, after conducting a separate sentencing hearing, the trial
court imposed an aggregate prison term of thirty years. Regarding the four rape counts,
the trial court imposed four separate ten-year terms, with three counts to be served
consecutively, and the last concurrently. The court sentenced appellant to a concurrent
term of twelve months for violating the protection order.
{¶4} Appellant did not appeal. After serving approximately thirty months, he
moved this court for leave to file a delayed appeal. That motion was overruled. State v.
Reyes, 11th Dist. Portage No. 2013-P-0012, 2013-Ohio-1493.
{¶5} Within thirty days of the release of our “delayed appeal” opinion, appellant
filed two motions with the trial court to withdraw his guilty plea under Crim.R. 32.1. In
his first motion, he asserted four arguments as to the propriety of his sentence on the
four rape counts. In the second, he argued that he was denied effective assistance of
trial counsel during the negotiation of the plea agreement. Prior to the filing of the
second motion, the trial court issued a separate judgment denying the first motion to
withdraw, and appellant immediately appealed. In State v. Reyes, 11th Dist. Portage
No. 2013-P-0049, 2014-Ohio-1679, we affirmed the trial court’s ruling. After this court
relinquished jurisdiction, the trial court denied the second motion to withdraw. No
appeal was taken from that judgment.
{¶6} In February 2015, appellant filed a petition for postconviction relief under
R.C. 2953.21, claiming that he was denied his right to due process when the trial court
did not inform him of his right to appeal the 2010 sentencing judgment. He stated that
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the due process violation rendered the 2010 judgment void, and that the trial court was
obligated to issue a new sentencing judgment. Again, the trial court denied the petition,
and appellant timely appealed the decision. In State v. Reyes, 11th Dist. Portage No.
2015-P-0009, 2015-Ohio-5344, we affirmed, holding that appellant did not timely submit
the petition.
{¶7} Approximately one month after the release of our third opinion, appellant
filed a third motion to withdraw his guilty plea. As the grounds, he maintained that his
plea was not knowingly because, during the plea colloquy, the trial court failed to inform
him that he would be subject to a mandatory prison term for each of the four rape
counts. In support, appellant relied upon statements in his written guilty plea,
statements made by the trial court during his sentencing hearing, and statements in trial
court judgments. However, he was unable to provide a transcript of the plea hearing.
{¶8} On the same day this motion to withdraw was filed, the trial court issued a
separate judgment denying the motion without hearing. In appealing this decision,
appellant assigns the following as error:
{¶9} “[1.] The trial court erred when it failed to hold a hearing and explain its
reasoning when it denied the post-sentence motion to withdraw pleas, Crim.R, 32.1
without a hearing, when the error is apparent on the face of the record.
{¶10} “[2.] The trial court failed to comply with Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a).”
{¶11} Appellant’s second assignment will be considered first. In asserting that
the motion has merit, he contends that his guilty plea is invalid because the trial court
did not tell him during the plea hearing that prison is mandatory for the four rape counts.
He argues that his plea was not made intelligently or knowingly because he would not
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have agreed to plea if he had known. Based upon this, he further argues that his guilty
plea is void.
{¶12} Given the context in which it was raised, the merits of appellant’s Crim.R.
11(C) argument were not properly before the trial court for consideration. Specifically,
his argument as to the validity of his guilty plea was barred under the doctrine of res
judicata. In regard to criminal convictions, the doctrine generally provides:
{¶13} “‘[A] final judgment of conviction bars a convicted defendant who was
represented by counsel from raising and litigating in any proceeding except an appeal
from that judgment, any defense or any claimed lack of due process that was raised or
could have been raised by the defendant at the trial, which resulted in that judgment of
conviction, or on an appeal from that judgment.’ State v. Perry, 10 Ohio St.2d 175, 226
N.E.2d 104 (1967), paragraph nine of the syllabus (emphasis sic.).” State v. Curry, 11th
Dist. Ashtabula No. 2014-A-0056, 2015-Ohio-1768, ¶9.
{¶14} Res judicata is applicable to issues asserted in a post-sentence motion to
withdraw a guilty plea; i.e., if an issue could have been reviewed in a direct appeal from
the sentencing judgment, it is barred from consideration in a post-sentence motion. Id.
at ¶8. This court has expressly followed the doctrine when the defendant has used a
post-sentence motion to withdraw as a means of challenging the trial court’s compliance
with Crim.R. 11(C) in the taking of the guilty plea. See State v. Lorenzo, 11th Dist. Lake
No. 2007-L-085, 2008-Ohio-1333, ¶21; State v. Combs, 11th Dist. Portage No. 2007-P-
0075, 2008-Ohio-4158, ¶30.
{¶15} In contending that he could contest the validity of his guilty plea in his third
post-sentence motion to withdraw the plea, appellant cites Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S.
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238, 89 S.Ct. 1709, 23 L.Ed.2d 274 (1969), for the proposition that a guilty plea is
rendered void if it was not made knowingly or voluntarily. However, Boykin involved a
direct plea from the sentencing judgment, not from the denial of a post-sentence motion.
Moreover, the Boykin court did not consider whether res judicata bars review of an
alleged “void” guilty plea in any context except a direct appeal from the conviction. In
addition, in the forty-five years since the issuance of Boykin, no federal or state court
has interpreted the “void” language in that opinion to mean that the validity of a guilty
plea can be raised at any time following the imposition of sentence.
{¶16} Since appellant could have challenged the validity of his guilty plea in a
direct appeal immediately after his conviction in 2010, res judicata bars any review of
that issue in a post-sentence motion to withdraw a plea. On that basis alone, the denial
of his third motion to withdraw was justified. Accordingly, appellant’s second
assignment lacks merit.
{¶17} Turning to the first assignment, appellant argues that the trial court abused
its discretion in not conducting an evidentiary hearing on his motion to withdraw prior to
issuing its judgment. But, a hearing on a post-sentencing motion to withdraw a guilty
plea is only required when the defendant’s allegations, if accepted as true, would
warrant the withdrawal of the plea. State v. Brody, 11th Dist. Lake Nos. 2012-L-050.
2012-L-051, and 2012-L-052, 2013-Ohio-340, ¶23, quoting State v. Whiteman, 11th
Dist. Portage No. 2001-P-0096, 2003-Ohio-2229, ¶19. Given that appellant’s argument
is barred under res judicata, there were no set of facts under which he would be entitled
to withdraw his guilty plea. Accordingly, an evidentiary hearing was unnecessary.
{¶18} As a separate argument, appellant contends that the trial court erred in not
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explaining the basis for its decision by providing finding of facts and conclusions of law.
However, in applying Crim.R. 32.1, this court has held that a trial court has no obligation
to state findings of fact and conclusions of law as part of its judgment denying a motion
to withdraw. State v. Desellams, 11th Dist. Lake No. 98-L-053, 1999 Ohio App. LEXIS
458, *12 (Feb.12, 1999). Thus, since the trial court did not commit any procedural error
in rendering its decision, appellant’s first assignment is also without merit.
{¶19} The judgment of the Portage County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
CYNTHIA WESTCOTT RICE, P.J.,
DIANE V. GRENDELL, J.,
concur.
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