State v. Hoover , 2018 Ohio 4736 ( 2018 )

[Cite as State v. Hoover, 2018-Ohio-4736.]
COURT OF APPEALS
LICKING COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO JUDGES:
Hon. John W. Wise, P. J.
Plaintiff-Appellant Hon. W. Scott Gwin, J.
Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J.
-vs-
Case No. 18 CA 39
ROBERT HOOVER, JR.
Defendant-Appellee OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Criminal Appeal from the Municipal Court,
Case No. 18 TRC 319
JUDGMENT: Reversed and Remanded
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: November 21, 2018
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellant For Defendant-Appellee
TRICIA M. MOORE ROBERT CALESARIC
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF LAW 35 South Park Place
40 West Main Street Suite 150
Newark, Ohio 43055 Newark, Ohio 43055
Licking County, Case No. 18 CA 39 2
Wise, P. J.
{¶1} Appellant State of Ohio appeals the decision of the Municipal Court, Licking
County, granting a motion to suppress evidence filed by Defendant-Appellee Robert
Hoover, Jr. in an OMVI case. The relevant facts leading to this appeal are as follows.
{¶2} On January 5, 2018, Trooper J.T. Coffland of the Ohio State Highway Patrol
was on duty in a marked cruiser. Shortly after 11:45 PM that night, while he was traveling
westbound on Cristland Hill Road, he observed a 2009 Nissan in front of him go across
the double-yellow center line. The trooper later recalled that he could “see a gap between
the tire and the farthest center line ***.” Supp.Tr. at 7. He captured the incident on his
cruiser’s video camera system, although he later testified he had one of his patrol post’s
“older vehicles,” without an upgraded video system, such that the video quality was
“lackluster.” Id. at 7-8.
{¶3} The trooper also later testified that after the Nissan turned onto Mill Dam
Road, it almost drove on top of the white fog line, although the trooper did not observe it
go over. Tr. at 11. On cross-examination, Trooper Coffland was asked about the
conditions of the road and whether there was anything obscuring his view of the center
line. Tr. at 13. He replied that there was snow and salt on the roadway which “slightly”
obscured the view on the video. Id. However, he indicated that his actual view on the
road that night was not as obscured. Id. at 14-15.
{¶4} The trooper stopped the Nissan in question, observing that it was being
driven by appellee. As a result of further investigation by the trooper, appellee was cited
for operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol (R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a))
and operating a vehicle left of center (R.C. 4511.25).
Licking County, Case No. 18 CA 39 3
{¶5} Appellee obtained counsel and entered a written plea of not guilty to both
charges on January 8, 2018.
{¶6} Appellee filed a motion to suppress on February 23, 2018.
{¶7} On April 11, 2018, the trial court conducted a suppression hearing. At the
outset, the trial court noted that appellee would limit his arguments to challenging the
propriety of the initial traffic stop. Supp.Tr. at 4-5. The State proceeded to call Trooper
Coffland as the sole witness for the hearing. Id. at 6, et seq. The trial court was also
presented with a segment of the video taken by the cruiser dash camera on the night in
question. Id. at 11.
{¶8} After taking the matter under advisement and further reviewing the dashcam
video, the court issued a written ruling granting appellee’s motion to suppress on May 3,
2018, determining that the trooper lacked probable cause to stop appellee for a marked
lanes violation.1 The trial court observed in pertinent part: “In reviewing the recording,
the court concludes that the defendant very clearly drives on the double yellow line at
[time index 23:48:02 to 23:48:03]. In fact, it appears that the farthest left the defendant
moves is captured at 23:48:04. At that point, the video appears to show that the
defendant is still on top of the double yellow line, but not clearly and unambiguously over
it.” Judgment Entry at 3.
{¶9} On May 10, 2018, the State of Ohio filed a notice of appeal. It herein raises
the following sole Assignment of Error:
1 Appellant State of Ohio has failed to include or attach with its brief a copy of the
judgment entry under appeal. See Loc.App.R. 9(A). We have nonetheless reviewed the
original document in the record.
Licking County, Case No. 18 CA 39 4
{¶10} “I. THE TRIAL COURT DID ERR IN GRANTING THE DEFENDANT’S
MOTION TO SUPPRESS BY FINDING THAT [THE TROOPER] DID NOT HAVE
REASONABLE SUSPICION TO INITIATE A TRAFFIC STOP ON THE APPELLEE'S
VEHICLE.”
I.
{¶11} In its sole Assignment of Error, Appellant State of Ohio contends the trial
court erred in granting Appellee Hoover’s motion to suppress the results of the traffic
stop in question. We agree.
{¶12} There are three methods of challenging on appeal a trial court's ruling on a
motion to suppress. First, an appellant may challenge the trial court's finding of fact.
Second, an appellant may argue the trial court failed to apply the appropriate test or
correct law to the findings of fact. Finally, an appellant may argue the trial court has
incorrectly decided the ultimate or final issue raised in the motion to suppress. When
reviewing this third type of claim, an appellate court must independently determine,
without deference to the trial court's conclusion, whether the facts meet the appropriate
legal standard in the given case. See State v. Fanning (1982), 1 Ohio St.3d 19, 437
N.E.2d 583; State v. Williams (1993), 86 Ohio App.3d 37, 619 N.E.2d 1141; State v.
Curry (1994), 95 Ohio App.3d 93, 96, 641 N.E.2d 1172; State v. Claytor (1993), 85 Ohio
App.3d 623, 627, 620 N.E.2d 906; State v. Guysinger (1993), 86 Ohio App.3d 592, 621
N.E.2d 726. The United States Supreme Court has held that as a general matter
determinations of reasonable suspicion and probable cause should be reviewed de novo
on appeal. See Ornelas v. United States (1996), 517 U.S. 690, 699, 116 S.Ct. 1657,
1663, 134 L.Ed.2d 911.
Licking County, Case No. 18 CA 39 5
{¶13} The pertinent statute in this instance is R.C. 4511.25(A), which states that,
subject to stated exceptions, “[u]pon all roadways of sufficient width, a vehicle or
trackless trolley shall be driven upon the right half of the roadway ***.”
{¶14} Furthermore, although appellee herein was not charged thereunder, R.C.
4511.33(A)(1) states in pertinent part: “Whenever any roadway has been divided into
two or more clearly marked lanes for traffic *** [a] vehicle or trackless trolley shall be
driven, as nearly as is practicable, entirely within a single lane or line of traffic and shall
not be moved from such lane or line until the driver has first ascertained that such
movement can be made with safety.”
{¶15} The Seventh District Court of Appeals, analyzing R.C. 4511.33, has
observed: “Common sense dictates that the statute is designed to keep travelers, both
in vehicles and pedestrians, safe. The logical conclusion is that the legislature intended
only special circumstances to be valid reasons to leave a lane, not mere inattentiveness
or carelessness.” State v. Hodge, 7th Dist. No. 01 CA 76, 147 Ohio App.3d 550, 2002-
Ohio-3053, 771 N.E.2d 331, ¶ 43.
{¶16} We proceed to our suppression analysis in this matter by observing that the
State’s assigned error (as set forth in the table of contents in its brief) somewhat
confusingly implies the trial court ultimately found a lack of reasonable suspicion for the
traffic stop. As we stated in our recitation of the facts, however, the trial court ultimately
utilized a “probable cause” standard in reaching its final determination granting
suppression. See Judgment Entry, May 3, 2018, at 4. This distinction should not be
understated. As we recently reiterated, “[t]he Ohio Supreme Court has emphasized that
probable cause is not required to make a traffic stop; rather the standard is reasonable
Licking County, Case No. 18 CA 39 6
and articulable suspicion.” State v. Lewis, 5th Dist. Licking No. 18-CA-17, 2018-Ohio-
3681, ¶ 21, citing State v. Mays, 119 Ohio St.3d 406, 2008-Ohio-4539, 894 N.E.2d 1204,
¶ 23. Concisely stated, “[u]nder Terry [v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 88 S.Ct. 1868, 20 L.Ed.2d
889 (1968)], police officers may briefly stop and/or temporarily detain individuals in order
to investigate possible criminal activity if the officers have a reasonable, articulable
suspicion that criminal activity may be afoot, including a minor traffic violation.” State v.
Saunders, 5th Dist. Muskingum No. CT2017-0052, 2018-Ohio-2624, ¶ 27, quoting State
v. Swift, 2nd Dist. Montgomery No. 27036, 2016–Ohio–8191, ¶ 10.
{¶17} Reasonable suspicion constitutes something less than probable cause.
State v. Logan, 5th Dist. Richland No. 07–CA–56, 2008–Ohio–2969, ¶ 15, citing State v.
Carlson (1995), 102 Ohio App.3d 585, 590. Also, it is well-established that an officer's
reasonable articulable suspicion does not require proof beyond a reasonable doubt that
the defendant's conduct has satisfied the elements of the offense. State v. Willis, 5th
Dist. Licking No. 14 CA 103, 2015–Ohio-3739, ¶ 25, citing Westlake v. Kaplysh, 118
Ohio App.3d 18, 20, 691 N.E.2d 1074 (8th Dist.1997). A single suspected traffic violation
provides reasonable suspicion for an officer to stop a vehicle. See State v. Panaro, 9th
Dist. Medina No. 16CA0067-M, 2018-Ohio-1005, 108 N.E.3d 1187, ¶ 15 (citations
omitted).
{¶18} We are generally disinclined to overturn factual determinations by a trial
court judge, which in this instance would include his finding that the highway patrol
dashcam video does not clearly reveal appellee’s Nissan going over (as opposed to on
top of) the double-yellow line, contrary to the trooper’s recollections. Indeed, it has been
aptly recognized that “[b]ecause the trial court acts as the trier of fact in suppression
Licking County, Case No. 18 CA 39 7
hearings and is in the best position to resolve factual issues and evaluate the credibility
of witnesses, an appellate court must accept the trial court's findings of fact if they are
supported by competent, credible evidence.” State v. Shrewsbury, 4th Dist. Ross No.
13CA3402, 2014–Ohio–716, ¶ 11, citing State v. Burnside, 100 Ohio St.3d 152, 797
N.E.2d 71, 2003–Ohio–5372, ¶ 8. However, where the trial court has failed to apply the
appropriate test or correct law to the findings of fact, an appellate court can reverse the
trial court for committing an error of law. See State v. Williams, supra.
{¶19} Accordingly, we find reversible error in the trial court's granting of
suppression under the facts and circumstances presented. The State’s sole Assignment
of Error is sustained, and the matter will be remanded for the trial court to apply a
“reasonable suspicion” standard to the evidence presented at the suppression hearing.
{¶20} For the reasons stated in the foregoing, the decision of the Municipal Court,
Licking County, is hereby reversed and remanded.
By: Wise, P. J.
Gwin, J., and
Delaney, J., concur.
JWW/d 1108