State v. Hicks , 2019 Ohio 870 ( 2019 )

[Cite as State v. Hicks, 2019-Ohio-870.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 107055
STATE OF OHIO
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
LEON L. HICKS
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT:
AFFIRMED; REMANDED IN PART
Criminal Appeal from the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case Nos. CR-17-624348-A, and CR-17-613379-A
BEFORE: E.A. Gallagher, J., E.T. Gallagher, P.J., and Keough, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: March 14, 2019
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Joseph V. Pagano
P.O. Box 16869
Rocky River, Ohio 44116
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Michael C. O’Malley
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
BY: Timothy Troup
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney
The Justice Center, 9th Floor
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, J.:
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Leon Hicks appeals his consecutive sentences after he pled
guilty to attempted domestic violence in Case No. CR-17-624348 (“CR 624348”) and violated
community control sanctions in Case No. CR-17-613379 (“CR 613379”). Hicks contends that
his consecutive sentences should be vacated because (1) the trial court failed to make the
requisite findings for the imposition of consecutive sentences under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) and (2)
the record does not support the imposition of consecutive sentences. For the reasons that follow,
we affirm Hicks’ sentences but remand for the trial court to issue a nunc pro tunc order in CR
613379 to incorporate the consecutive sentence findings it made at the sentencing hearing into its
sentencing journal entry.
Factual Background and Procedural History
{¶2} In May 2017, Hicks pled guilty to an amended count of attempted domestic violence
in violation of R.C. 2923.02 and 2919.25(A) in CR 613379. At that time, Hicks had already
been on community control for a prior offense in Case No. CR-16-604937 (“CR 604937”).1 The
trial court sentenced Hicks to two years of community control sanctions in CR 613379 and
extended his community control sanctions 12 months in CR 604937. The trial court then
advised Hicks that if he violated his community control sanctions he would receive a 12-month
prison sentence and that the sentence would be consecutive to the sentence in CR 604937.
{¶3} While he was on community control, Hicks committed another offense. In
February 2018, he pled guilty to an amended count of attempted domestic violence in violation of
R.C. 2923.02 and 2919.25(A) in CR 624348. Hicks’ convictions in both cases arose out of
incidents involving the mother of one of Hicks’ children.
{¶4} On March 14, 2018, the trial court held an initial sentencing hearing in CR 624348
and a violation of community control hearing in CR 613379. Hicks admitted, and the trial court
found, that Hicks had violated the terms of his community control in CR 613379 based on his
new conviction in CR 624348. Prior to sentencing Hicks, the trial judge stated that she had
“considered the purposes and principles of the Ohio Revised Code section regarding sentencing”
and had read the presentence investigation report. After hearing from the state, defense counsel,
the victim and Hicks, the trial court sentenced Hicks to 12 months in prison in CR 624348,
terminated community control sanctions in CR 613379 and sentenced Hicks to 12 months in
prison in that case. The trial court ordered that the sentences be served consecutively, resulting
in an aggregate prison term of 24 months.
1
CR 604937 is not part of this appeal.
{¶5} With respect to its decision to impose a prison sentence rather than impose or extend
community control sanctions, the trial court explained:
THE COURT: * * * [S]ir, you are going to the institution today. You deserve it
as much as anybody.
Just going through your record, sir, you have a drug case from juvenile
court. You have a criminal trespass as an adult. A drug trafficking case in ‘07.
You have a criminal damaging in ‘10 in Cleveland Municipal Court.
You have a trafficking in drugs in ‘10. You have a domestic violence in
‘10. You have another domestic violence in ‘10. You have a grand theft motor
vehicle and domestic violence in ‘11.
You have another domestic violence in ‘14. You have a Felony 5
burglary in ‘14. You pled guilty to burglary, a felony of the fourth degree, and
failure to comply with order or signal of a police officer, a felony of the fourth
degree, in ‘16. Another domestic violence in 2017. That’s the case for which
you are currently on probation. Actually you are on probation on two cases —
604937 and 613379.
I gave you a chance at community control sanctions. You convinced me
you turned yourself around. Clearly you haven’t * * *[.]
{¶6} With respect to its decision to impose consecutive sentences, the trial court further
stated:
Now, sir, I sentence you to these consecutive terms because I believe it is
necessary to protect the public and to punish you irrespective of how the victim in
this matter feels. I feel the sentences are not disproportionate to other sentences
handed out in Cuyahoga County and other counties throughout the state of Ohio.
I further find that the crime was committed while you were awaiting —
I’m sorry, not while you were awaiting trial, but while you were under sanction
for those other two cases, and I do so because your criminal history shows that
consecutive terms are needed to protect the public.
{¶7} The trial court incorporated these findings in its March 14, 2018 sentencing journal
entry in CR 624348 as follows:
The court imposes prison terms consecutively finding that consecutive service is
necessary to protect the public from future crime or to punish defendant; that the
consecutive sentences are not disproportionate to the seriousness of defendant’s
conduct and to the danger defendant poses to the public; and that the defendant
committed one or more of the multiple offenses while the defendant was awaiting
trial or sentencing or was under a community control or was under post-release
control for a prior offense, or defendant’s conduct demonstrates that consecutive
sentences are necessary to protect the public from future crime by defendant.
{¶8} No consecutive sentencing findings were included in the sentencing journal entry in
CR 613379.
{¶9} Hicks appealed his sentences, raising the following assignment of error for review:
Appellant’s sentence is contrary to law because the record does not support the
imposition of consecutive sentences.
Law and Analysis
{¶10} As this court explained in State v. Johnson, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102449,
2016-Ohio-1536, there are two ways a defendant can challenge consecutive sentences on appeal:
First, the defendant can argue that consecutive sentences are contrary to law
because the court failed to make the necessary findings required by R.C.
2929.14(C)(4). See R.C. 2953.08(G)(2)(b); State v. Nia, 2014-Ohio-2527, 15
N.E.3d 892, ¶ 16 (8th Dist.). Second, the defendant can argue that the record
does not support the findings made under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4). See R.C.
2953.08(G)(2)(a); Nia.
Id. at ¶ 7. Pursuant to R.C. 2953.08(G)(2)(a), an appellate court may “increase, reduce, or
otherwise modify a sentence * * * or may vacate the sentence and remand the matter to the
sentencing court for resentencing” if it “clearly and convincingly” finds that “the record does not
support the sentencing court’s findings” under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4).
{¶11} In order to impose consecutive sentences, the trial court must find that (1)
consecutive sentences are necessary to protect the public from future crime or to punishthe
offender, (2) consecutive sentences are not disproportionate to the seriousness of the offender’s
conduct and to the danger the offender poses to the public and (3) at least one of the following
applies:
(a) The offender committed one or more of the multiple offenses while the
offender was awaiting trial or sentencing, was under a sanction imposed pursuant
to section 2929.16, 2929.17, or 2929.18 of the Revised Code, or was under
post-release control for a prior offense.
(b) At least two of the multiple offenses were committed as part of one or more
courses of conduct, and the harm caused by two or more of the multiple offenses
so committed was so great or unusual that no single prison term for any of the
offenses committed as part of any of the courses of conduct adequately reflects the
seriousness of the offender’s conduct.
(c) The offender’s history of criminal conduct
demonstrates that
consecutive sentences
are necessary to
protect the public
from future crime by
the offender.
R.C. 2929.14(C)(4).
{¶12} The trial court must make the required statutory findings at the sentencing hearing
and incorporate those findings into its sentencing journal entry. State v. Bonnell, 140 Ohio St.3d
209, 2014-Ohio-3177, 16 N.E.3d 659, syllabus. To make the requisite “findings” under the
statute, “‘the [trial] court must note that it engaged in the analysis’ and that it ‘has considered the
statutory criteria and specifie[d] which of the given bases warrants its decision.’” Id. at ¶ 26,
quoting State v. Edmonson, 86 Ohio St.3d 324, 326, 715 N.E.2d 131 (1999). When imposing
consecutive sentences, the trial court is not required to give a “talismanic incantation of the
words of the statute.” Bonnell at ¶ 37. “[A]s long as the reviewing court can discern that the
trial court engaged in the correct analysis and can determine that the record contains evidence to
support the findings, consecutive sentences should be upheld.” Id. at ¶ 29; see also State v.
Thomas, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102976, 2016-Ohio-1221, ¶ 16 (“the trial court’s failure to
employ the exact wording of the statute does not mean that the appropriate analysis is not
otherwise reflected in the transcript or that the necessary finding has not been satisfied”). When
considering whether the trial court has made the requisite findings, we must view the trial court’s
statements on the record “in their entirety.” See, e.g., State v. Blevins, 2017-Ohio-4444, 93
N.E.3d 246, ¶ 21, 23 (8th Dist.).
{¶13} Hicks argues that the imposition of consecutive sentences in the cases at issue was
contrary to law because (1) the trial court failed to make the proportionality finding required for
the imposition of consecutive sentences under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) and (2) the imposition of
consecutive sentences is clearly and convincingly not supported by the record because the
sentences “are in excess of what is necessary to incapacitate the offender, [to] deter him from
committing future crime and to rehabilitate him.” We disagree.
{¶14} On the record before us, considering the trial court’s statements in their entirety, we
find that the trial court conducted the necessary analysis and made the requisite findings for
imposing consecutive sentences at the sentencing hearing. When sentencing Hicks, the trial
court expressly found that consecutive sentences were “necessary to protect the public” and “to
punish” Hicks, R.C. 2929.14(C)(4), that Hicks committed one or more of the offenses while he
was under community control sanctions in other cases, R.C. 2929.14(C)(4)(a), and that his
“criminal history shows that consecutive terms are needed to protect the public,” R.C.
2929.14(C)(4)(c). With respect to proportionality, the trial court did not state specifically that
consecutive sentences were not disproportionate to the seriousness of Hicks’ conduct and to the
danger he poses to the public. Rather, the trial court stated, after detailing Hicks’ lengthy
criminal history and prior unsuccessful attempts to give him “a chance at community control
sanctions,” that “the sentences are not disproportionate to other sentences handed out in
Cuyahoga County and other counties throughout the state of Ohio.”
{¶15} In State v. Gonzalez, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 105952, 2018-Ohio-1302, this court
held that similar statements by the trial court were sufficient to satisfy the proportionality finding
under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4). Id. at ¶ 11-13. In that case, the trial court stated, when sentencing
the defendant, that his record was “deplorable” and included numerous convictions for drug
possession, attempted burglary, grand theft of a motor vehicle, driving under the influence,
receiving stolen property, carrying a concealed weapon, theft, burglary and identity theft. Id. at
¶ 11. The trial court further stated:
You committed all of those crimes. You’ve been to prison, and I find it is
necessary to give you a consecutive sentence * * * because it is necessary to
protect the public and to punish you. It’s not disproportionate given your record
and given other sentences that are handed down in this court, as well as other
courts in this state. And I find further that your criminal history shows that
consecutive terms are needed to protect the public.
Id.; see also State v. McGowan, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 105806, 2018-Ohio-2930, ¶ 19-25 (fact
that trial court “did not explicitly state the ‘disproportionate’ prong of R.C. 2929.14(C)(4)” did
not preclude the imposition of consecutive sentences where trial court’s statements on the record,
when viewed in their entirety, indicate that it considered proportionality both with regard to the
seriousness of defendant’s conduct and the danger he posed to the public); State v. Morris,
2016-Ohio-7614, 73 N.E.3d 1010, ¶ 27-34 (8th Dist.) (trial court’s findings that consecutive
sentences were not disproportionate to the seriousness of defendant’s conduct and the danger
defendant poses to the public could be “discerned” from trial court’s statement that “consecutive
sentences in this matter are necessary to protect and punish [and] are not disproportionate”
combined with its statements regarding defendant’s criminal history, the danger defendant posed
to the public in failing to report his whereabouts and the fact the crimes at issue were committed
while defendant was on postrelease control and “probation” for an “identical offense”); State v.
Amey, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 103000 and 103001, 2016-Ohio-1121, ¶ 15-19 (trial court’s
statement that consecutive sentences “would not be disproportionate” combined with statements
regarding defendant’s extensive criminal record and remark that defendant had not “responded
favorably to sanctions previously imposed” satisfied proportionality finding required under R.C.
2929.14(C)(4)); State v. Cooperwood, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 99309, 99310 and 99311,
2013-Ohio-3432, ¶ 40 (when viewed “in its context,” trial court’s statement that consecutive
sentences “would not be disproportionate” constituted a “‘proportionality’ finding in compliance
with the statute”).
{¶16} Although the trial court in this case did not state verbatim that consecutive
sentences would not be disproportionate to the seriousness of Hicks’ conduct and the danger he
poses to the public, the trial court’s statements on the record, when viewed in their entirety,
clearly indicate that the trial court conducted the necessary analysis with respect to
proportionality and made the requisite findings before imposing consecutive sentences. We can
discern from the trial court’s statements on the record that the trial court found both that
consecutive sentences are not disproportionate to the seriousness of Hicks’ conduct and are not
disproportionate to the danger Hicks poses to the public. “‘[T]he trial court’s failure to identify
the factors — or “the reasons” — that were considered in its proportionality analysis does not
render the consecutive sentences contrary to law.’” Blevins, 2017-Ohio-4444, 93 N.E.3d 246, at
¶ 20, quoting State v. Crawley, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102781, 2015-Ohio-5150, ¶ 12-13.
{¶17} Further, following a thorough review of the record, we cannot say that the record
clearly and convincingly does not support the trial court’s findings under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4).
As this court explained in State v. Venes, 2013-Ohio-1891, 992 N.E.2d 453 (8th Dist.), “[t]his is
an extremely deferential standard of review”:
It is also important to understand that the clear and convincing standard used by
R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) is written in the negative. It does not say that the trial judge
must have clear and convincing evidence to support its findings. Instead, it is the
court of appeals that must clearly and convincingly find that the record does not
support the court’s findings. In other words, the restriction is on the appellate
court, not the trial judge.
Id. at ¶ 21. In the incident giving rise to the charge in CR 624348, Hicks attempted to strangle
his daughter’s mother “with both hands around her neck,” leaving “scratches and red marks,”
after they got into an argument. At the time he committed this new offense, he was on
community control in two other cases, including CR 613379. The record reflects Hicks’ lengthy
criminal history, including multiple prior convictions for domestic violence. The record also
reflects that lesser sentences Hicks had received had not been effective in modifying his conduct.
Accordingly, we affirm the trial court’s imposition of consecutive sentences.
{¶18} Although the trial court made the requisite findings for the imposition of
consecutive sentences at the sentencing hearing, it incorporated those findings only in its
sentencing journal entry in CR 624348. It failed to incorporate those findings in its sentencing
journal entry in CR 613379. This failure does not render the consecutive sentences contrary to
law. Bonnell, 140 Ohio St.3d 209, 2014-Ohio-3177, 16 N.E.3d 659, at ¶ 30. Rather, this
omission may be corrected through a nunc pro tunc entry to reflect what actually occurred at the
sentencing hearing. Id. Hicks’ assignment of error is sustained in part and overruled in part.
{¶19} We affirm Hicks’ sentences but remand CR 613379 for the trial court to issue a
nunc pro tunc order incorporating the consecutive sentence findings it made at the sentencing
hearing into its March 14, 2018 sentencing journal entry.
{¶20} Judgment affirmed; CR 613379 remanded for the issuance of a nunc pro tunc
order consistent with this opinion.
It is ordered that appellant and appellee share the costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to the Cuyahoga County Court of Common
Pleas to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.
__________________________________________
EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, JUDGE
EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, P.J., and
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, J., CONCUR