In re D.J. , 2019 Ohio 1645 ( 2019 )

[Cite as In re D.J., 2019-Ohio-1645.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 107203
IN RE: D.J.
A Minor Child
[Appeal By E.W., Mother]
JUDGMENT:
REVERSED AND REMANDED
Civil Appeal from the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Juvenile Division
Case No. AD 14910420
BEFORE: Celebrezze, J., Boyle, P.J., and Laster Mays, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: May 2, 2019
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
Judith M. Kowalski
333 Babbitt Road, Suite 323
Euclid, Ohio 44123
James H. Schulz
55 Public Square, Suite 1700
Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Timothy J. McGinty
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
BY: Cheryl Rice
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney
3955 Euclid Avenue
Cleveland, Ohio 44115
ALSO LISTED:
D.J. (Father)
631 East 126th Street
Cleveland, Ohio 44108
Guardian ad Litem
Thomas Kozel
P.O. Box 534
North Olmsted, Ohio 44070
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., J.:
{¶1} Appellant, E.W. (“appellant”), brings the instant appeal challenging the trial
court’s judgment continuing her minor child, D.J., in the temporary custody of appellee,
Cuyahoga County Department of Children and Family Services (“CCDCFS” or the
“agency”). Specifically, appellant argues that the trial court’s decision to extend
temporary custody was not supported by clear and convincing evidence and against the
manifest weight of the evidence, and that the trial court erred in extending temporary
custody after the two-year time limit under R.C. 2151.415(D)(4) had expired. After a
thorough review of the record and law, this court reverses the trial court’s judgment and
remands the matter for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
I. Factual and Procedural History
{¶2} The instant appeal pertains to the trial court’s custody determination with
respect to appellant’s child, D.J.1 Appellant is the child’s mother. D.J. was initially
removed from appellant’s custody on August 14, 2014, pursuant to an ex parte telephonic
order.
{¶3} On August 14, 2014, CCDCFS filed a complaint alleging that the child was
abused and requesting that the child be placed in the temporary custody of the agency.2
D.J. was born in April 2010.
1
CCDCFS filed an amended complaint on August 18, 2014.
2
On the same day, the trial court held an emergency custody hearing and placed the child
in the emergency temporary custody of CCDCFS.
{¶4} On November 20, 2014, the trial court adjudicated the child to be abused.
On December 3, 2014, the trial court placed the child in the temporary custody of
CCDCFS.
{¶5} On January 28, 2015, CCDCFS filed a motion to terminate temporary custody
and to return the child to appellant’s custody with an order of protective supervision.
The trial court terminated temporary custody, returned the child to appellant’s custody,
and granted protective supervision of the child to CCDCFS on February 26, 2015.
{¶6} On June 2, 2015, CCDCFS filed a motion to modify the order of protective
supervision to temporary custody. The trial court terminated protective supervision, and
returned the child to the temporary custody of CCDCFS on July 20, 2015. After the
child was returned to the agency’s temporary custody, the agency placed the child with
the paternal grandmother.
{¶7} A case plan was established for appellant during the custody proceedings.
Appellant’s case plan included mental health services, domestic violence services, and
services for maintaining stable housing. (Tr. Volume II, p. 4-5.) Appellant’s case plan
also included services for parenting and anger management. See CCDCFS’s motion for
extension of temporary custody, filed on April 20, 2016.
{¶8} CCDCFS filed two motions in 2016. First, on April 20, 2016, CCDCFS
filed a motion for an extension of temporary custody. On the same day, the child’s
father, D.J. (“father”), filed a motion for legal custody to the paternal grandmother.
{¶9} Before the trial court held a hearing on the agency’s motion for an extension
of temporary custody, CCDCFS filed a second motion on September 6, 2016, to grant
legal custody of the child to appellant with an order of protective supervision.
{¶10} On September 15, 2016, a magistrate held a hearing on (1) CCDCFS’s
motion to terminate temporary custody and return the child to appellant’s custody under
protective supervision, and (2) father’s motion for legal custody to the paternal
grandmother.
{¶11} Following the September 15, 2016 hearing, the magistrate did not grant
either CCDCFS’s motion for legal custody to appellant or father’s motion for legal
custody to the paternal grandmother. Rather, the magistrate issued an order on February
10, 2017, continuing the child in the temporary custody of CCDCFS. Based on this
order, the child remained in the custody of the paternal grandmother.
{¶12} Appellant filed objections to the magistrate’s decision on February 23, 2017.
CCDCFS joined appellant in the objections she initially raised. Additionally, on
October 18, 2017, the agency filed a motion to reopen the custody hearing in order to
introduce newly discovered information that was not known at the time of the September
15, 2016 hearing.3 Based on the new information, the agency no longer agreed with its
previous request to terminate temporary custody.
{¶13} The trial court overruled appellant’s objections to the magistrate’s decision
on January 22, 2018. The trial court did not, however, rule on CCDCFS’s motion to
reopen the hearing.
{¶14} On February 15, 2018, appellant filed an appeal challenging the trial court’s
judgment. In re D.J., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 106851. On March 6, 2018, this court
dismissed appellant’s appeal, finding that the trial court’s judgment overruling appellant’s
objections did not set forth the rights of the parties, the trial court’s decision, or the
requisite analysis.4
{¶15} Thereafter, on April 18, 2018, the trial court issued a new judgment entry
adopting the magistrate’s decision and setting forth the parties’ rights. This judgment,
however, did not mention or rule on appellant’s objections to the magistrate’s decision.
The trial court’s April 18, 2018 judgment entry continued the child in the agency’s
temporary custody, and acknowledged that the child’s custody plan was legal custody to
either the parents or the paternal grandmother.
In this appeal, CCDCFS asserts that the new information is relevant to the best interest
3
determination of the child.
See In re Zinni, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 89599, 2008-Ohio-581.
4
{¶16} On May 18, 2018, appellant filed the instant appeal challenging the trial
court’s April 18, 2018 judgment. Appellant filed an amended notice of appeal on June
3, 2018. Appellant assigns two errors for our review:
I. The trial court decision was not supported by clear and
convincing evidence and was against the
manifest weight of the evidence.
II. The trial court erred to the prejudice of the appellant and contrary to
the best interests of the minor child in continuing the child in temporary
custody, as the two-year time limit under O.R.C. 2151.415(D)(4) had
expired.
II. Law and Analysis
A. Final Appealable Order
{¶17} As an initial matter, we must determine whether the trial court’s April 18,
2018 judgment constitutes a final appealable order capable of invoking this court’s
jurisdiction. This court issued a sua sponte order on October 31, 2018, directing the
parties to brief the final appealable order issue, where (1) the order continues temporary
custody and contemplates further action, and (2) the order does not address objections
that were timely filed.
{¶18} Pursuant to this court’s order, appellant filed a supplemental brief on
November 12, 2018. CCDCFS filed a supplemental brief on November 14, 2018.
{¶19} “Appellate courts ‘have such jurisdiction as may be provided by law to
review and affirm, modify, or reverse judgments or final orders of the courts of record
inferior to the court of appeals within the district[.]’” In re J.A., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
100913, 2014-Ohio-3423, ¶ 15, quoting Ohio Constitution, Article IV, Section 3(B)(2).
If a lower court’s order is not final and appealable, this court lacks jurisdiction to review
the matter and must dismiss the appeal. Gen. Acc. Ins. Co. v. Ins. Co. of N. Am., 44
Ohio St.3d 17, 20, 540 N.E.2d 266 (1989); In re S.M.B., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99035,
2013-Ohio-1801, ¶ 4.
{¶20} For a judgment to be final and appealable, it must satisfy the requirements of
R.C. 2505.02 and if applicable, Civ.R. 54(B). Denham v. New Carlisle, 86 Ohio St.3d
594, 596, 716 N.E.2d 184 (1999). R.C. 2505.02(B) provides:
An order is a final order that may be reviewed, affirmed, modified, or
reversed, with or without retrial, when it is one of the following:
(1) An order that affects a substantial right in an action that in effect
determines the action and prevents a judgment;
(2) An order that affects a substantial right made in a special proceeding or
upon a summary application in an action after judgment.
A “substantial right” includes “a right that * * * a statute * * * entitles a person to enforce
or protect.” R.C. 2505.02(A)(1).
1. R.C. 2505.02(B)(1)
{¶21} The trial court’s April 18, 2018 order does not satisfy the requirements of
R.C. 2505.02(B)(1). The trial court’s order denying CCDCFS’s motion for legal
custody to appellant and extending temporary custody does not determine the action and
prevent a judgment. The order does not prevent CCDCFS from renewing its motion nor
does the order prevent appellant from filing a motion for legal custody in the future.
The trial court’s order did not terminate appellant’s parental rights. In fact, the trial
court’s order contemplates future action. Specifically, the trial court acknowledged that
“[t]he custody plan for the child is legal custody to parents or paternal grandmother,” and
“[the] permanency plan for the child is the case plan with a goal of legal custody to a
parent or relative.”
2. R.C. 2505.02(B)(2)
{¶22} A “special proceeding” is “an action or proceeding that is specially created
by statute and that prior to 1853 was not denoted as an action at law or a suit in equity.”
R.C. 2505.02(A)(2). The Ohio Supreme Court has recognized that juvenile court
proceedings, including custody hearings, are special proceedings. State ex rel. Fowler v.
Smith, 68 Ohio St.3d 357, 360, 626 N.E.2d 950 (1994); In re C.B., 129 Ohio St.3d 231,
2011-Ohio-2899, 951 N.E.2d 398, ¶ 12. Accordingly, we must determine whether the
trial court’s order affects a “substantial right” of appellant.
{¶23} In In re Adams, 115 Ohio St.3d 86, 2007-Ohio-4840, 873 N.E.2d 886, the
Ohio Supreme Court held that “[a] trial court order denying the motion of a
children-services agency to modify temporary custody to permanent custody and
continuing temporary custody is not a final, appealable order under R.C. 2505.02(B)(1) or
(2).” Id. at syllabus. The court explained,
The denial of an agency’s motion to modify temporary custody to
permanent custody does not “determine * * * the action,” because the
continuation of the agency’s temporary custody does not determine the
outcome of the action for neglect and dependency. Instead, all parties
remain subject to further court order during the temporary-custody phase.
A juvenile court has several ultimate dispositional options pursuant to R.C.
2151.415(A), and ordering the continuation of temporary custody do not
preclude the juvenile court from exercising any of these options.
An order denying a motion to modify temporary custody to permanent
custody also does not “prevent * * * a judgment.” In an action alleging
neglect or dependency, a children-services agency may seek any of the
ultimate dispositions with the presentation of appropriate proof. A denial
of permanent custody and a continuation of temporary custody do not
prevent a children-services agency from seeking any applicable
dispositional order, or even renewing a request for permanent custody. A
final judgment in a juvenile custody case will be rendered, and a trial
court’s ruling to deny permanent custody and to continue an agency’s
temporary custody does not foreclose the rendering of such a judgment.
Id. at ¶ 36-37.
{¶24} In the instant matter, unlike Adams, the appeal was filed by the child’s
mother rather than a children-services agency. Appellant, as the child’s mother, has
certain rights and protections that CCDCFS does not.
The United States Supreme Court has stated that the right to raise one’s
children is an “essential” and “basic civil right.” See Stanley v. Illinois
(1972), 405 U.S. 645, 651; Meyer v. Nebraska (1923), 262 U.S. 390, 399.
Parents have a “fundamental liberty interest” in the care, custody, and
management of the child. Santosky v. Kramer (1982), 455 U.S. 745, 753.
Further, it has been deemed “cardinal” that the custody, care and nurture of
the child reside, first, in the parents. H.L. v. Matheson (1981), 450 U.S.
398, 410; Quilloin v. Walcott (1978), 434 U.S. 246, 255; Stanley, supra, at
651; Prince v. Massachusetts (1944), 321 U.S. 158, 166.
Similarly, this court has long stated that parents who are suitable persons
have a “paramount” right to the custody of their minor children. In re
Perales (1977), 52 Ohio St.2d 89, 97, 297, 369 N.E.2d 1047, 1051-1052;
Clark v. Bayer (1877), 32 Ohio St. 299, 310. Numerous reported decisions
demonstrate that this principle has become the foundation for child custody
cases faced by lower courts. * * * Accordingly, it is manifest that parental
custody of a child is an important legal right protected by law and, thus,
comes within the purview of a “substantial right” for purposes of applying
R.C. 2505.02.
(Citations omitted.) In re Murray, 52 Ohio St.3d 155, 157, 556 N.E.2d 1169 (1990).
{¶25} Based on the foregoing analysis, we find that the trial court’s April 18, 2018
order satisfies the requirements of R.C. 2505.02(B)(2) because it was made in a special
proceeding and affects a substantial right of appellant.
3. Civ.R. 53
{¶26} Finally, we must consider whether the trial court’s April 18, 2018 order is a
final appealable order despite the fact that it did not address the timely objections that
appellant filed to the magistrate’s decision.
{¶27} Civ.R. 53(D)(4)(e) provides that “[a] court that adopts, rejects, or modifies a
magistrate’s decision shall also enter a judgment or interim order.” This court
interpreted this rule to require the court to do more than merely “adopt” a magistrate’s
decision: separate and apart from the magistrate’s decision, the trial court “must grant
relief on the issues originally submitted to the court.” Flagstar Bank, FSB v. Moore, 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 91145, 2008-Ohio-6163, ¶ 1. “An order that does nothing more
than affirm a magistrate’s decision without separately setting forth a judgment on the
issues submitted to the court is not a final, appealable order.” In re I.L.J., 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 104272, 2016-Ohio-7052, ¶ 20, citing Zinni, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
89599, 2008-Ohio-581, at ¶ 19-20, and In re R.C., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 94885,
2010-Ohio-4690, ¶ 2.
{¶28} In order to be final under Civ.R. 53(D)(4), a trial court’s judgment entry
must:
“1. pursuant to subsection (b), “adopt, reject, or modify” the magistrate’s
decision and should state, for identification purposes, the date the
magistrate’s decision was signed by the magistrate,
2. state the outcome (for example, “defendant’s motion for change of
custody is denied”) and contain an order which states the relief granted so
that the parties are able to determine their rights and obligations by referring
solely to the judgment entry, and,
3. be a document separate from the magistrate’s decision.”
(Emphasis deleted.) B.W. v. D.B.-B., 193 Ohio App.3d 637, 2011-Ohio-2813, 953
N.E.2d 369, ¶ 10-12 (6th Dist.), quoting Sabrina J. v. Robbin C., 6th Dist. Lucas No.
L-00-1374, 2001 Ohio App. LEXIS 320 (Jan. 26, 2001). However, a trial court’s order
adopting a magistrate’s decision that does not address objections to the magistrate’s
decision that were timely filed is not a final appealable order. G. Scottco Invest. Co. v.
Korleski, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 10AP-582, 2011-Ohio-6656,  8.
{¶29} In this case, the trial court’s January 22, 2018 order overruled appellant’s
objections to the magistrate’s decision. The January 22, 2018 order did not, however,
determine the action with respect to the issue of custody of the child.
{¶30} Subsequently, on April 18, 2018, the trial court issued an order adopting the
magistrate’s decision and continuing the child in the temporary custody of CCDCFS.
The April 18, 2018 order did not, however, address appellant’s timely objections to the
magistrate’s decision.
{¶31} After reviewing the record, we find that the trial court’s orders in this case
constitute a final appealable order. Both the January 22, 2018 and April 18, 2018 orders
are in the record before this court. These two orders, when combined and read in
conjunction with one another, constitute a final appealable order because they (1)
overrule appellant’s objections to the magistrate’s decision, and (2) adopt the magistrate’s
decision and determine the action with respect to the custody of the child. As noted
above, the trial court’s judgment was issued in a special proceeding and affects a
substantial right of appellant.
{¶32} For all of the foregoing reasons, we find that the trial court’s judgment is a
final, appealable order capable of invoking our jurisdiction. We now turn to the merits
of the appeal and the two assignments of error raised by appellant. For ease of
discussion, we will address appellant’s second assignment of error first because it is
dispositive of this appeal.
B. R.C. 2151.415(D)(4)
{¶33} In her second assignment of error, appellant argues that the trial court erred
by extending the existing order of temporary custody because the two-year limitation set
forth in R.C. 2151.415(D)(4) had expired.
{¶34} R.C. 2151.415(D)(4), governing extensions of temporary custody, provides,
No court shall grant an agency more than two extensions of temporary
custody pursuant to division (D) of this section and the court shall not order
an existing temporary custody order to continue beyond two years after the
date on which the complaint was filed or the child was first placed into
shelter care, whichever date is earlier, regardless of whether any extensions
have been previously ordered pursuant to division (D) of this section.
(Emphasis added.)
{¶35} In this case, CCDCFS filed its complaint on August 15, 2014, and the child
was placed in the emergency temporary custody of the agency on the same day.
Therefore, pursuant to R.C. 2151.415(D)(4), the trial court lacked authority to extend
temporary custody beyond August 15, 2016.
{¶36} At the time the magistrate conducted the September 15, 2016 hearing, the
two-year statutory time limit for extending temporary custody under R.C. 2151.415(D)(4)
had expired. In its February 10, 2017 judgment entry, however, the magistrate ordered
an extension of temporary custody. On April 18, 2018, the trial court adopted the
magistrate’s decision and continued the child in the temporary custody of CCDCFS.
{¶37} Although CCDCFS disputes when the two-year statutory time limit set forth
in R.C. 2151.415(D)(4) expired,5 the agency concedes that the two-year time limit has, in
fact, expired. Furthermore, CCDCFS joins appellant in arguing that the trial court’s
April 18, 2018 judgment continuing the child in the temporary custody of CCDCFS
should be reversed. CCDCFS argues that the trial court’s judgment should be reversed
and the matter be remanded to the trial court for a new custody hearing and best interest
determination.
{¶38} After reviewing the record, we find that a new custody hearing and best
interest determination are particularly warranted based on the unusual and lengthy
procedural history of the case. As noted above, this case originated in August 2014
when the agency filed its complaint. Thereafter, the child was placed in the agency’s
temporary custody in December 2014; a hearing was held on September 15, 2016; the
magistrate’s order extending temporary custody was issued on February 10, 2017; the trial
CCDCFS asserted in its appellate brief that the two-year time limit expired on June 2, 2017,
5
two years after the agency filed its motion to modify protective supervision to temporary custody with
the agency on June 2, 2015. On the other hand, appellant argued in her appellate brief that the
two-year time limit had expired at the time of the September 15, 2016 hearing.
court’s judgment entry adopting the magistrate’s decision and setting forth the parties’
rights was issued on April 18, 2018; appellant filed an appeal challenging the trial court’s
extension of temporary custody on May 10, 2018; and the oral argument before this court
was held on April 9, 2019. It has been approximately one year since the trial court’s
April 2018 best interest determination and extension of temporary custody. Based on
the totality of the circumstances in this case, and the prolonged nature of the custody
proceedings, a new hearing and determination of the child’s best interest is warranted.
{¶39} The record reflects that new information that is relevant to the child’s best
interest has become available since the September 15, 2016 hearing. As noted above,
the agency filed a motion to reopen the custody hearing on October 18, 2017. During
oral arguments, the parties informed this court that the paternal grandmother, with whom
the child was placed after the agency obtained temporary custody, had become ill and, as
a result, the child is no longer living with her. CCDCFS still has temporary custody of
the child and the child is currently living with another relative.
{¶40} Based on the foregoing analysis, we find that at the time of the September
15, 2016 custody hearing, the trial court did not have the authority to order the child to
remain in the temporary custody of CCDCFS. The trial court abused its discretion by
ordering an extension of the existing temporary custody order. Appellant’s second
assignment of error is sustained.
{¶41} The trial court’s judgment continuing the child in the temporary custody of
CCDCFS is reversed, and the matter is remanded for further proceedings. On remand,
the trial court is instructed to determine a placement for the child that is appropriate and
in the child’s best interest.
It is ordered that appellant recover of said appellee costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to Cuyahoga County Court of Common
Pleas, Juvenile Division, to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., JUDGE
MARY J. BOYLE, P.J., and
ANITA LASTER MAYS, J., CONCUR