State v. James , 2019 Ohio 2604 ( 2019 )

[Cite as State v. James, 2019-Ohio-2604.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF LORAIN )
STATE OF OHIO C.A. No. 17CA011234
Appellee
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
ENTERED IN THE
WALTER L. JAMES COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
COUNTY OF LORAIN, OHIO
Appellant CASE No. 16CR094820
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: June 28, 2019
HENSAL, Judge.
{¶1} Walter James appeals his convictions from the Lorain County Court of Common
Pleas. This Court affirms.
I.
{¶2} The victim in this case is Mr. James’s stepdaughter who, at the time of trial, was
28 years old. Mr. James married the victim’s mother (“S.H.”) when the victim was four years
old. S.H. had a son from a previous relationship, and had a daughter with Mr. James after they
married. The family of five moved into a ranch-style home when the victim was 7 years old.
According to the victim, Mr. James started sexually abusing her around that time. The abuse
started with Mr. James kissing her and touching her vagina as he put her to bed at night.1 When
she was 10 years old, the victim moved from her first-floor bedroom to a basement bedroom.
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The victim could not recall whether the initial touching occurred over, or beneath her
clothes.
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Once she moved to the basement, Mr. James began inserting his fingers into her vagina “most
nights[.]” This progressed to the victim performing oral sex on Mr. James by the time she was
12 or 13 years old, and to having vaginal intercourse with him when she was around 13 years
old.
{¶3} In 2003, the victim confided in one of her youth-group friends about the abuse.
That friend told the pastor’s wife, who told the pastor, who then contacted Children’s Services.
Children’s Services removed Mr. James from the family home while they conducted an
investigation. Fearing that her family would be split up, the victim recanted and the
investigation ended without charges being filed. Mr. James then returned to the family home.
{¶4} Shortly after his return, S.H. had a mental breakdown, which lasted about three
years. During that time, S.H. was heavily medicated and spent most of her time in her bedroom
while Mr. James looked after the three children. Within a few months after his return, Mr. James
began having sex with the victim multiple times a week. The abuse continued into adulthood,
with the victim explaining that she continued to have sex with Mr. James even after she moved
out of the family home. She explained that sex eventually became the “price” she had to pay for
him doing things for her, including work on her home or car.
{¶5} The abuse stopped in 2014, and the victim stopped communicating with Mr.
James in 2015. S.H. took notice and reached out to her daughter. The victim met with S.H. for
lunch and disclosed the abuse. S.H. took several days to process the information, and then
confronted Mr. James. According to S.H., Mr. James acknowledged the truth of the allegations
and left the family home. S.H. initially sought a dissolution of the marriage, but eventually filed
for divorce.
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{¶6} The victim testified that she initially did not report the abuse to the police because
she had hoped that Mr. James would continue to provide for her mother and other siblings, which
she felt Mr. James owed to her given the years of abuse. When he stopped supporting them, she
reported the abuse to the police.
{¶7} A grand jury indicted Mr. James on one count of rape in violation of Revised
Code Section 2907.02(A)(1)(b), one count rape in violation of Section 2907.02(A)(2), four
counts of sexual battery in violation of Section 2907.03(A)(5), and one count of unlawful sexual
contact with a minor in violation of Section 2907.04(A). Mr. James pleaded not guilty and the
matter proceeded to a jury trial.
{¶8} At trial, the State presented testimony from the victim and S.H. Mr. James did
not testify, nor did he present any evidence aside from three letters that the victim wrote to him
contemporaneous with the alleged abuse. The jury ultimately returned a verdict of guilty on all
counts, and the trial court sentenced Mr. James to a total of 24 years of incarceration. He now
appeals, raising two assignments of error for our review, which we will address in reverse order
to facilitate our review.
II.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II
THERE WAS INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO CONVICT MR. JAMES FOR
THE FOLLOWING: RAPE IN VIOLATION OF R.C. [] 2907.02(A)(1)(b);
RAPE IN VIOLATION OF R.C. [] 2907.02(A)(2); FOUR (4) COUNTS OF
SEXUAL BATTERY IN VIOLATION OF R.C. [] 2907.03(A)(5); AND
UNLAWFUL SEXUAL CONDUCT WITH A MINOR IN VIOLATION OF R.C.
[] 2907.04(A).
{¶9} In his second assignment of error, Mr. James challenges the sufficiency of the
evidence presented at trial. Whether a conviction is supported by sufficient evidence is a
question of law, which we review de novo. State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St. 3d 380, 386 (1997).
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In carrying out this review, our “function * * * is to examine the evidence admitted at trial to
determine whether such evidence, if believed, would convince the average mind of the
defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.” State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St. 3d 259 (1991),
paragraph two of the syllabus. “The relevant inquiry is whether, after viewing the evidence in a
light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential
elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt.” Id.
{¶10} As the State points out, Mr. James has not argued that the State failed to present
sufficient evidence relative to the elements of each offense. Rather, he asserts that the State
failed to present sufficient evidence because the witnesses provided inconsistent testimony. This
assertion relates to the credibility of the witnesses, which sounds in weight, not sufficiency.
State v. Kuruc, 9th Dist. Medina No. 15CA0088-M, 2017-Ohio-4112, ¶ 35.
{¶11} Aside from challenging the witnesses’ allegedly inconsistent testimony, Mr.
James’s only discernable argument in support of his challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence
is that the State’s evidence lacked specificity as to when the alleged abuse occurred for purposes
of establishing three of the counts for sexual battery, each of which pertained to a separate year:
2004, 2005, and 2006. While he acknowledges that the victim testified that the abuse started
when she was seven years old (in 1996) and continued through her graduation from high school
in 2007, he argues that this “broad allusion to a general period of time” is insufficient. We
disagree.
{¶12} Section 2907.03(A)(5), under which Mr. James was charged, provides that “[n]o
person shall engage in sexual conduct with another, not the spouse of the offender, when * * *
[t]he offender is the other person’s * * *stepparent[.]” As this Court has stated, “[t]he precise
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date of the offense of sexual battery is not an element of the crime.” State v. Covic, 9th Dist.
Medina No. 11CA0055-M, 2012-Ohio-3633, ¶ 28, citing R.C. 2907.03
{¶13} The State presented evidence that, if believed, indicated that – aside from a few
months after the Children’s Services investigation in 2003 – Mr. James engaged in sexual
conduct with his stepdaughter several times per week from the time she was seven years old (in
1996) until 2014. Viewing this evidence in a light most favorable to the State, a reasonable jury
could have concluded that Mr. James was guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of sexual battery as
charged in the indictment.
{¶14} In light of the foregoing, Mr. James’s second assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I
THE CONVICTION OF MR. JAMES FOR THE FOLLOWING: RAPE IN
VIOLATION OF R.C. [] 2907.02(A)(1)(b); RAPE IN VIOLATION OF R.C. []
2907.02(A)(2); FOUR (4) COUNTS OF SEXUAL BATTERY IN VIOLATION
OF R.C. [] 2907.03(A)(5); AND UNLAWFUL SEXUAL CONDUCT WITH A
MINOR IN VIOLATION OF R.C. [] 2907.04(A), WAS CONTRARY TO THE
MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.
{¶15} In his first assignment of error, Mr. James challenges the weight of the evidence
presented at trial. When considering a challenge to the manifest weight of the evidence, this
Court is required to consider the entire record, “weigh the evidence and all reasonable inferences,
consider the credibility of witnesses and determine whether, in resolving conflicts in the
evidence, the trier of fact clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice
that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial ordered.” State v. Otten, 33 Ohio App. 3d
339, 340 (9th Dist.1986).
{¶16} In support of his assignment of error, Mr. James argues that the victim and S.H.
provided inconsistent and unreliable testimony regarding the events that transpired. He further
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argues that their motives render their testimony unreliable. More specifically, Mr. James argues
that the victim was not credible because some of her memories of the abuse came to light as a
result of therapy, the alleged abuse went unnoticed by the other household members, she
recanted her previous accusation of abuse, she wrote loving letters to Mr. James during the
period of the alleged abuse, she did not present any of the allegedly incriminating text messages
Mr. James sent to her at trial, and financial motivations – rather than the safety of her family –
underpinned her decision to report the abuse.
{¶17} Regarding S.H., Mr. James argues that her testimony contradicted the victim’s
because S.H. testified that she put the victim to bed at night, while the victim testified that he did.
Mr. James also argues that S.H.’s testimony undermined the victim’s testimony because S.H.
testified that she never witnessed or suspected any abuse, that their marriage was stronger after
the Children’s Services investigation, and that – despite having a better relationship with her
daughter as she (the victim) got older – the victim did not disclose the abuse to her until 2015.
{¶18} Mr. James also challenges S.H.’s testimony based upon the fact that some of it
pertained to information she learned through non-verbal communication. For example, S.H.
testified that the victim did not provide details of the abuse when she and the victim met for
lunch, and that Mr. James never verbalized his guilt when she confronted him a few days later.
Instead, she testified that the victim told her that Mr. James had been hurting her, and that she
(S.H.) understood what the victim meant based upon her appearance and nervous behavior. She
also testified that, based upon the way Mr. James responded when she confronted him –
including packing some of his belongings and leaving the family home – she understood that he
was not going to challenge what the victim had told her.
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{¶19} As. Mr. James acknowledges in his merit brief, “the weight to be given the
evidence and the credibility of the witnesses are primarily for the trier of the facts[,]” who is
“free to believe all, part, or none of the testimony of each witness.” State v. DeHass, 10 Ohio
St.2d 230 (1967), paragraph one of the syllabus; Prince v. Jordan, 9th Dist. Lorain No.
04CA008423, 2004-Ohio-7184, ¶ 35. “This Court will not overturn the trial court’s verdict on a
manifest weight of the evidence challenge only because the trier of fact chose to believe certain
witness testimony over the testimony of others.” State v. Hill, 9th Dist. Summit No. 26519,
2013-Ohio-4022, ¶ 15. Mr. James’s challenge to the manifest-weight of the evidence is based
entirely upon the credibility – or alleged lack thereof – of the victim and her mother. The jury,
however, was in the best position to observe the witnesses’ demeanor and to “use th[o]se
observations to weigh the credibility and resolve the conflicts in the testimony.” State v.
Andrews, 9th Dist. Summit No. 25114, 2010-Ohio-6126, ¶ 28. This Court will not substitute our
judgment for that of the jury. State v. Willard, 9th Dist. Medina No. 05CA0096-M, 2006-Ohio-
5071, ¶ 10. Having reviewed the entire record, we cannot say that the jury “clearly lost its way
and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction[s] must be reversed and a
new trial ordered.” Otten, 33 Ohio App. 3d at 340. Accordingly, Mr. James’s first assignment of
error is overruled.
III.
{¶20} Mr. James’s assignments of error are overruled. The judgment of the Lorain
County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
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We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Lorain, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of
this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed to Appellant.
JENNIFER HENSAL
FOR THE COURT
TEODOSIO, P. J.
CARR, J.
CONCUR.
APPEARANCES:
MICHAEL J. DUFF, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.
DENNIS P. WILL, Prosecuting Attorney, and BRIAN P. MURPHY, Assistant Prosecuting
Attorney, for Appellee.