State v. Walker ( 2019 )

Filed 12/12/19 by Clerk of Supreme Court
IN THE SUPREME COURT
STATE OF N OR TH DAK OT A
2019 ND 292State of North Dakota, Plaintiff and Appellee
v.
Chad Demonn Walker, Defendant and Appellant
No. 20190186
Appeal from the District Court of Burleigh County, South Central Judicial
District, the Honorable Bruce A. Romanick, Judge.
AFFIRMED.
Opinion of the Court by Crothers, Justice.
Justin J. Schwarz, Assistant State’s Attorney, Bismarck, ND, for plaintiff and
appellee.
Matthew J. Arthurs, Bismarck, ND, for defendant and appellant.
State v. Walker
No. 20190186
Crothers, Justice.
[¶1] Chad Demonn Walker appeals from an amended judgment that included
an order to pay restitution. We affirm.
I
[¶2] On July 10, 2018, Bismarck Police Officer Marquis observed Chad
Demonn Walker riding a 2013 red Honda motorcycle. The motorcycle did not
have a license plate and matched the description of a motorcycle stolen in
Minot. Officer Marquis conducted a traffic stop and confirmed the motorcycle
was stolen by checking the vehicle identification number. Officer Marquis
arrested Walker.
[¶3] Walker pled guilty to theft for possession of a stolen motorcycle. The
motorcycle owner filed a victim impact statement requesting restitution for the
cost of repairing the motorcycle. A restitution hearing was held and an
amended criminal judgment was entered, ordering Walker pay $2,410.69 in
repairs for damage to the motorcycle.
[¶4] Walker argues he pled guilty to possession of stolen property and was
not accused of stealing or damaging the motorcycle. He further argues the
damages are not related to his criminal offense and were not a direct result of
his criminal action.
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II
[¶5] The standard of review for restitution is well established.
“When reviewing a restitution order, we look to whether the
district court acted within the limits set by statute, which is a
standard similar to our abuse of discretion standard. A district
court abuses its discretion if it acts in an arbitrary, unreasonable,
or unconscionable manner, if its decision is not the product of a
rational mental process leading to a reasoned determination, or if
it misinterprets or misapplies the law.”
State v. Rogers, 2018 ND 244, ¶ 23, 919 N.W.2d 193 (citing State v. Bruce, 2018
ND 45, ¶ 4, 907 N.W.2d 773 (internal citations and quotation marks omitted)).
“The district courts possess a ‘wide degree of discretion when determining
restitution awards.’” Rogers, at ¶ 23 (citing State v. Putney, 2016 ND 135, ¶ 6,
881 N.W.2d 663). “But, ‘in determining whether or not the district court abused
its discretion through misapplication or misinterpretation of the law,’ we apply
a de novo standard of review.” Rogers, at ¶ 23 (citing State v. Kostelecky, 2018
ND 12, ¶ 6, 906 N.W.2d 77). “A district court’s award of restitution to a crime
victim is made under N.D. Const. art. I, § 25(1)(n) and N.D.C.C. § 12.1-32-08.”
Rogers, at ¶ 23. “The ‘State has the burden of proving the amount of restitution
by a preponderance of the evidence.’” Rogers, at ¶ 23 (quoting State v. Kleppe,
2011 ND 141, ¶ 28, 800 N.W.2d 311). “When determining restitution, the
district court must consider ‘the reasonable damages sustained by the victim.’”
N.D.C.C. § 12.1-32-08(1)(a); Rogers, at ¶ 23.
III
[¶6] Walker argues he pled guilty to possession of stolen property, and was
not accused of stealing or damaging the motorcycle. He further argues the
damages are not related to his criminal offense and were not a direct result of
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his criminal action. Since restitution was based on estimated repair costs, he
argues the restitution order must be reversed, or the case remanded to the
district court for determination whether any expenses were unrelated to
damages connected to the theft.
[¶7] The State argues the district court’s order for restitution was proper
because the guilt of theft may be inferred from defendant’s unexplained
possession of the stolen motorcyle, and a causal connection exists between the
criminal conduct and damage to the motorcycle. We affirm the restitution
order.
[¶8] Section 12.1-32-08(1), N.D.C.C., in pertinent part states, “the court shall
take into account: a. The reasonable damages sustained by the victim or
victims of the criminal offense, which damages are limited to those directly
related to the criminal offense and expenses actually incurred as a direct result
of the defendant’s criminal action.”1
[¶9] In State v. Pippin, the State charged Joan Pippin with posession of stolen
property and charged her former husband with burglary. 496 N.W.2d 50, 51
(N.D. 1993). Both pled guilty and the district court ordered they jointly and
severally pay restitution of damages incurred by the burglary victims. Id. at
52. Pippin appealed, arguing her restitution was unlawful and should be
reversed because the damages incurred by the burglary victims were not
“directly related” to her crime of possession of stolen property and therefore
were not a “direct result” of the commission of the crime. Id. This Court agreed,
holding the restitution order violated N.D.C.C. § 12.1-32-08(1)(a), and the
1N.D.C.C. 12.1-32-08(1) was amended in 2019 after Walker was charged and before his appeal was
heard. S.L. 2019, ch. 117 (H.B. 1252), § 2. The previous version is quoted in this opinion.
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record did not indicate whether any of the stolen property possessed by Pippin
was returned damaged or whether any damages were sustained as a result of
temporary loss of use. Id. at 53. “Those damages, if any, and any others with a
sufficient causal connection to Joan’s offense, are the losses for which Joan may
be ordered to make restitution.” Id.
[¶10] In State v. Carson, the defendant pled guilty to possession of stolen
property which included four rifles, ammunition, and tools. 2017 ND 196, ¶ 3,
900 N.W.2d 41. Other items also were stolen from the victims, including two
vehicles and an enclosed trailer. Id. at ¶ 2. The district court ordered Carson
to pay restitution for other items stolen or damaged during a burglary for
which she was not convicted. Id. at ¶ 1. This court held, “The State could have
sought restitution for temporary loss of use or physical damage to the rifles,
ammunition, and tools, but it may not seek restitution for damages caused by
the burglary or the criminal act of taking the property, crimes for which Carson
was never convicted.” Further, this Court stated, “There is no assertion that
Carson’s possessing the stolen rifles, ammunition, and tools, by itself, resulted
in failure to recover the other items . . . or damage to the trailer.” Id. at ¶ 9.
[¶11] Unlike Pippin, where the record did not indicate whether any of the
stolen property possessed by Pippin was returned damaged, here the
motorcycle possessed by Walker was returned damaged. The record includes a
commercial repair estimate of $2,410.69 for the parts and labor required to fix
the motorcycle.
[¶12] This case also is unlike Carson, where this Court concluded restitution
was improper. In Carson, “[t]he State could have sought restitution for
temporary loss of use or physical damage to [the items which Carson plead
guilty to possessing].” Carson, 900 N.W.2d at ¶ 9. Here, Walker pled guilty to
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possession of a stolen motorcycle. When returned, the motorcycle was
physically damaged. Repairs included replacing multiple covers, two turn
signals, fuel tank, and installing a missing heat shield. The damage to the
motorcycle was directly related to the criminal offense, and it could reasonably
be inferred that damage was caused during possession of the stolen property.
[¶13] Walker argues he was not given the opportunity to contest whether he
stole or damaged the motorcycle at a jury trial. We can review an issue only if
the record allows for meaningful and intelligent consideration of the district
court’s alleged error. Chase v. State, 2018 ND 154, ¶ 1, 913 N.W.2d 774. An
appellant is responsible for providing this Court with the transcript of an
evidentiary hearing. N.D.R.App.P. 10(b); Chase at ¶ 1. A party’s failure to
provide a transcript may prevent the party from prevailing on appeal. Id. Here,
we cannot conduct a meaningful and intelligent review of the alleged error
because no transcript was provided from the restitution hearing.
IV
[¶14] We affirm the district court’s amended judgment ordering Walker to pay
restitution.
[¶15] Daniel J. Crothers
Lisa Fair McEvers
Jerod E. Tufte
Jon J. Jensen
Gerald W. VandeWalle, C.J.
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