RAYMOND DAVID LEACH v. WENDY KELLEY, DIRECTOR, ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTION , 2020 Ark. 200 ( 2020 )

Cite as 2020 Ark. 200
SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS
No. CV-19-701
Opinion Delivered May 21, 2020
RAYMOND DAVID LEACH
APPELLANT
PRO SE APPEAL FROM THE
V. LINCOLN COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
[NO. 40CV-19-80]
WENDY KELLEY, DIRECTOR,
ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF HONORABLE JODI RAINES DENNIS,
CORRECTION JUDGE
APPELLEE
AFFIRMED.
JOHN DAN KEMP, Chief Justice
Appellant Raymond David Leach appeals the denial of his pro se petition for writ of
habeas corpus filed pursuant to Arkansas Code Annotated section 16-112-101 (Repl. 2016).
Because Leach stated no ground in the petition on which the writ could issue, we affirm
the circuit court’s order.
I. Background
In 2011, a jury convicted Davis of capital murder in the stabbing death of Christopher
Casey. Davis was sentenced to life imprisonment without parole. We affirmed. Leach v.
State, 2012 Ark. 179, 402 S.W.3d 517. In his habeas-corpus petition, Leach alleged that he
was entitled to relief because he was mentally incompetent both at the time of trial and
when the offense was committed, that the evidence supporting his conviction was
insufficient, and that no mitigation evidence regarding his history of mental illness was
submitted during the sentencing proceeding. The circuit court dismissed the petition and
concluded that his claims of mental incapacity, insufficiency of the evidence, and ineffective
assistance of counsel are not cognizable in a habeas proceeding. On appeal, Davis argues
that the circuit court erred and that habeas relief should be expanded to include
consideration of matters beyond the face of the judgment.
II. Grounds for Issuance of the Writ
A writ of habeas corpus is proper when a judgment and commitment order is invalid
on its face or when a circuit court lacked jurisdiction over the cause. Foreman v. State, 2019
Ark. 108, 571 S.W.3d 484. Jurisdiction is the power of the court to hear and determine
the subject matter in controversy. Baker v. Norris, 369 Ark. 405, 255 S.W.3d 466 (2007).
When the circuit court has personal jurisdiction over the appellant and also has jurisdiction
over the subject matter, the court has authority to render the judgment. Johnson v. State,
298 Ark. 479, 769 S.W.2d 3 (1989).
Under our statute, a petitioner who files a writ seeking scientific testing of evidence
and does not allege his or her actual innocence and proceed under Act 1780 of 2001,
codified at Arkansas Code Annotated sections 16-112-201 to -208 (Repl. 2016), must plead
either the facial invalidity of the judgment or the lack of jurisdiction by the circuit court
and make a showing by affidavit or other evidence of probable cause to believe that he or
she is being illegally detained. Ark. Code Ann. § 16-112-103(a)(1) (Repl. 2016).
Proceedings for the writ are not intended to require an extensive review of the record of
the trial proceedings, and the circuit court’s inquiry into the validity of the judgment is
limited to the face of the commitment order. McArthur v. State, 2019 Ark. 220, 577 S.W.3d
385. Unless the petitioner can show that the circuit court lacked jurisdiction or that the
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commitment was invalid on its face, there is no basis for a finding that a writ of habeas
corpus should issue. Fields v. Hobbs, 2013 Ark. 416.
III. Standard of Review
A circuit court’s decision on a petition for writ of habeas corpus will be upheld unless
it is clearly erroneous. Hobbs v. Gordon, 2014 Ark. 225, 434 S.W.3d 364. A decision is
clearly erroneous when, although there is evidence to support it, the appellate court, after
reviewing the entire evidence, is left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake
has been made. Id.
IV. Claims for Relief
Leach’s grounds for relief consisted of allegations challenging the sufficiency of the
evidence supporting his guilt, his lack of culpability as a result of his mental illness and drug
abuse, and the failure of counsel to offer sufficient evidence to mitigate his sentence. On
appeal, Leach argues that this court should broaden the reach of habeas relief by looking
beyond the face of the judgment on the basis of language in Arkansas’s habeas statute and
to consider claims of innocence based on federal habeas standards.1
This court recently considered and rejected arguments to broaden the scope of the
writ to go beyond examining the face of the judgment to determine whether the writ should
issue. Crockett v. Kelley, 2020 Ark. 26 (citing Stephenson v. Kelley, 2018 Ark. 143, 544
S.W.3d 44). A habeas proceeding is not a substitute for either direct appeal or
postconviction relief. Id. This court’s long-standing interpretation of the statute is the law,
1
Leach’s federal habeas claim was dismissed. Leach v. Kelley, 2018 WL 2185941 (May
11, 2018).
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and a habeas inquiry is limited to the face of the commitment order. Id. Therefore, habeas
proceedings are not a means to challenge the sufficiency of the evidence in a case, and a
habeas action does not afford a petitioner the opportunity to retry his or her case. Id. Leach’s
allegation of innocence appears to be based on his contention that he was mentally
incompetent when he committed the crime. An allegation that a petitioner was incorrectly
found competent as a result of defective evidence falls outside the limitations of the writ.
Ratliff v. Kelley, 2018 Ark. 105, 541 S.W.3d 408. Furthermore, Leach did not invoke the
provisions of Act 1780, codified at sections 16-112-201 to -208, in conjunction with his
assertion of innocence. Finally, claims of ineffective assistance of counsel are not cognizable
as a ground for the writ. Muhammad v. State, 2020 Ark. 47, 592 S.W.3d 242. The circuit
court did not clearly err when it rejected Leach’s claims as not cognizable under our long-
standing interpretation of the Arkansas habeas statute.
Affirmed.
HART, J., dissents.
JOSEPHINE LINKER HART, Justice, dissenting. I dissent from the majority’s
declaration that “[t]his court’s long-standing interpretation of the statute is the law, and a
habeas inquiry is limited to the face of the commitment order.” As I have observed, this
conception of habeas corpus is dated, senselessly narrow, and legally incorrect. See, e.g.,
Stephenson v. Kelley, 2018 Ark. 143, 544 S.W.3d 44 (Hart, J., dissenting). Arkansas’s habeas
corpus law inescapably contemplates a more detailed inquiry than just the face of the
commitment order. See Watkins v. Kelley, 2018 Ark. 215, 549 S.W.3d 908 (Hart, J.,
dissenting) (“The writ of habeas corpus should not be fettered by such a narrow conception
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of its purpose. Ark. Code Ann. § 16-112-103’s plain language, which contemplates the
petitioner filing an ‘affidavit or other evidence,’ necessarily rejects any intimation that a
court’s review of a habeas petition is limited to an examination of the facial validity of the
confinement order or to whether the court that issued the confinement order had proper
jurisdiction.”). Some errors are too glaring to ignore or endorse. The majority’s
interpretation of our habeas corpus law is so far removed from its plain language that it
amounts to a due process and fair notice problem for those reading the statute. In this
matter, I would assess the merits of Leach’s petition.
I dissent.
Raymond David Leach, pro se appellant.
Leslie Rutledge, Att’y Gen., by: Kent Holt, Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellee.
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