State v. Eaton , 2020 Ohio 3208 ( 2020 )

[Cite as State v. Eaton, 2020-Ohio-3208.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
LUCAS COUNTY
State of Ohio Court of Appeals No. L-18-1183
Appellee Trial Court No. CR0201701980
v.
Jamaine Eaton DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: June 5, 2020
*****
Julia R. Bates, Lucas County Prosecuting Attorney, and
Alyssa Breyman, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee.
Lawrence A. Gold, for appellant.
*****
PIETRYKOWSKI, J.
{¶ 1} Appellant, Jamaine Easton, appeals from the July 25, 2019 judgment of the
Lucas County Court of Common Pleas convicting him of retaliation, a violation of R.C.
2921.05(A) and (C), and intimidation, a violation of R.C. 2921.03(A) and (B), and
sentencing him to eighteen months of imprisonment on each count, to be served
concurrently because the offenses were found to be allied offenses. The sentences were
ordered to be served consecutive to a nine-year sentence imposed in Lucas County Court
of Common Pleas case No. CR0201502214. For the reasons which follow, we affirm in
part and reverse in part.
{¶ 2} On appeal, appellant asserts the following assignments of error:
I. The trial court erred in sentencing Appellant consecutively
without making the proper findings under R.C. 2929.14(C).
II. The jury’s verdict was against the manifest weight of the
evidence presented at trial.
III. The trial court committed error to the prejudice of Appellant by
imposing costs without consideration of Appellant’s present or future
ability to pay.
{¶ 3} In his first assignment of error, appellant asserts that the trial court erred by
imposing a sentence in this case to be served consecutively to a sentence imposed in
another case without making the proper findings under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) at the
sentencing hearing.
{¶ 4} Our standard of review of a felony sentence is whether there is clear and
convincing evidence in the record to support the sentencing court’s findings under R.C.
2929.14(C)(4) or whether the sentence is otherwise contrary to law. R.C. 2953.08(G)(2);
State v. Marcum, 146 Ohio St. 3d 516, 2016-Ohio-1002, 59 N.E.3d 1231, ¶ 7.
2.
{¶ 5} Generally, multiple terms of incarceration are to be served concurrently
unless the trial court, in the exercise of its discretion, orders the sentences to be served
consecutively. R.C. 2929.41(A) and (B)(2); R.C. 2929.14(C)(4). Before imposing
consecutive sentences, however, R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) mandates that the trial court find
consecutive sentences are “necessary to protect the public from future crime or to punish
the offender,” “consecutive sentences are not disproportionate to the seriousness of the
offender’s conduct and to the danger the offender poses to the public,” and that one of the
following circumstances under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) is present:
(a) The offender committed one or more of the multiple offenses
while the offender was awaiting trial or sentencing, was under a sanction
imposed pursuant to section 2929.16, 2929.17, or 2929.18 of the Revised
Code, or was under post-release control for a prior offense.
(b) At least two of the multiple offenses were committed as part of
one or more courses of conduct, and the harm caused by two or more of the
multiple offenses so committed was so great or unusual that no single
prison term for any of the offenses committed as part of any of the courses
of conduct adequately reflects the seriousness of the offender’s conduct.”
(c) The offender’s history of criminal conduct demonstrates that
consecutive sentences are necessary to protect the public from future crime
by the offender.
3.
{¶ 6} The trial court must engage in the correct analysis, state its statutory findings
during the sentencing hearing, and incorporate those findings into its sentencing entry.
State v. Beasley, 153 Ohio St.3d 497, 2018-Ohio-493, 108 N.E.3d 1028, ¶ 253, citing
State v. Bonnell, 140 Ohio St.3d 209, 2014-Ohio-3177, 16 N.E.3d 659, ¶ 37. A word-for-
word recitation of the statutory language is not required so long as the record supports the
trial court’s findings. Beasley at ¶ 259. The failure to comply with statutory requirements
renders the sentence voidable, not void. State v. Harper, Slip Opinion No. 2018-1144,
2020-Ohio-2913, ¶ 4.
{¶ 7} While the court made the correct findings in the sentencing judgment, the
court did not make such precise statements at the sentencing hearing. Appellee asserts
that although the court did not quote the statute verbatim, the trial court made statements
which satisfied its duty to make certain statutory findings.
{¶ 8} Regarding the necessity requirement, the court stated: “I think you did a very
stupid thing I think that was the word you used. You just weren’t thinking, but acting out
of not thinking has consequences. Now, whatever we do here today is not going to
destroy your life, but it’s going to have some sting to it.” Furthermore, regarding
appellant’s criminal history, the court stated:
I note that you entered into the system back in 2006 when you were
14. You had a delinquency for breaking and entering, a number of
offenses. There were a number of attempts to work with you. You were
certified over as an adult back in 2011 on a CCW. You had an assault in
4.
‘12. You had a domestic violence and assault; these were dismissed
because the witnesses failed to appear. You had a number of traffic
offenses. You had an ag robbery with a deadly weapon, which was
specified or indicated as an F1 back in 2015. This is one that was reduced
and you got six years, plus three mandatory for the gun. That’s the one
you’re currently serving right now. And then you caught these two cases
here today.
Finally, regarding the proportionality requirement, the court stated: “finding that pursuant
to R.C. 2929.14(b) that the shortest prison term possible would demean the seriousness of
the offenses and not adequately protect the public, * * * the Court imposes a greater than
the minimum term.”
{¶ 9} Upon a review of the sentencing hearing as a whole, we find the court’s
statements do not reflect an intentional consideration of the requirements of R.C.
2929.14(C)(4). From a reading of the entire sentencing hearing, it is not clear if the court
was discussing the consecutive sentencing factors. The trial court did not indicate that
appellant’s conduct or criminal history was of such a nature that the court determined it
was necessary that consecutive sentences were imposed to protect the public or punish
appellant. The court made reference to “R.C. 2929.14(b)” and verbalized its
proportionality review, but it appears that this was done in connection with its
determination of whether to impose more than the minimum sentence. These statements
do not seem to relate to the imposition of consecutive sentences.
5.
{¶ 10} Therefore, appellant’s first assignment of error is well-taken.
{¶ 11} In his second assignment of error, appellant asserts that his convictions were
contrary to the manifest weight of the evidence because appellee did not meet its burden
of persuasion as to each count based on the evidence rather than the seriousness of the
charges.
{¶ 12} A challenge to the weight of the evidence questions whether or not the
greater amount of credible evidence was admitted to support the findings of fact. Eastley
v. Volkman, 132 Ohio St.3d 328, 2012-Ohio-2179, 972 N.E.2d 517, ¶ 12, quoting State v.
Thompkins, 78 Ohio St. 3d 380, 387, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997). When weighing the
evidence, the appellate court must consider whether the evidence is conflicting or whether
reasonable minds might differ as to the inferences to be drawn from it, the weight of the
evidence, and the credibility of the witnesses to determine if “the jury clearly lost its way
and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and
a new trial ordered.” Eastley at ¶ 20, quoting State v. Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d 172, 175,
485 N.E.2d 717 (1st Dist.1983) (other citations omitted). When weighing the evidence,
the appellate court must presume the factfinder properly assessed the evidence. Eastley at
¶ 21, quoting Seasons Coal Co., Inc. v. Cleveland, 10 Ohio St.3d 77, 80, fn. 3, 461 N.E.2d
1273 (1984) (citation omitted).
{¶ 13} In order to establish retaliation, R.C. 2921.05(A) requires the state must
prove appellant “purposely and * * * by unlawful threat of harm to any person or
property, * * * retaliate[d] against a public servant * * * who was involved in a * * *
6.
criminal action or proceeding because the public servant * * * discharged the duties of
the public servant.” To establish, intimidation, R.C. 2921.03(A), effective November 6,
1996, requires the state must prove appellant “knowingly and * * * by unlawful threat of
harm to any person or property * * * attempt[ed] to influence, intimidate, or hinder a
public servant * * * in the discharge of the person’s duty.” The issue in this case is
whether the evidence established that appellant wrote the letter threatening the judge.
{¶ 14} The following evidence was admitted in this case. Judge Mandros and his
criminal bailiff for the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas testified the judge received
a letter on March 23, 2017, which contained the purported signature of appellant and a
return address from appellant at a state institution and made general threats to harm him
and his family. The judge testified that he had sentenced appellant in 2015 to a term of 6
years of imprisonment, less than the possible maximum of 11 years, with an additional
mandatory 3 years for a gun specification, and retains continuing jurisdiction over the
sentence.
{¶ 15} A forensic scientist with the Bureau of Criminal Investigations (“BCI”)
was qualified as an expert in the field of latent print analysis without objection. She
examined the letter and envelope for possible latent impressions and explained the
process by which she was able to obtain four latent fingerprints from the letter and
envelope. Upon analysis, she concluded to a reasonable degree of scientific certainty,
and the parties stipulated to her findings, that one of the prints on the back side of the
envelope was made by appellant’s left index finger and the print on the front side of the
7.
envelope was made by Antonio Campbell, an inmate who was housed at the same prison
as appellant at the time of this incident. The forensic scientist testified it was possible for
an object to have multiple prints, especially paper which holds onto prints for a long time
and that the lack of a print did not mean appellant had not touched it. She did rule out
appellant as having made the other print found on the back side of the envelope and on
the letter. A fingerprint database, AFIS, did not reveal any other source for the prints.
Another print found was not suitable for comparison and, therefore, the source could not
be determined.
{¶ 16} Another forensic scientist with the BCI, who specialized in the field of
handwriting, testified she examined the letter and envelope in comparison to appellant’s
handwriting exemplar prepared for purposes of comparison. While there were some
indications appellant may have written the letter to the judge, she could not conclude to a
reasonable degree of scientific certainty that he did write the letter. A second letter
threatening appellant had been written in cursive and, therefore, could not be used for
comparison.
{¶ 17} Campbell, an inmate, testified he was housed at the Lucasville Correctional
Institution at the same time as appellant and only recalled having played basketball with
him. Campbell denied writing the letter to the judge or talking to appellant about it.
Campbell believed appellant could have asked for an envelope, which Campbell would
have supplied from his supply of free envelopes the prison provided each month, which
8.
he did not use. Campbell also could have given the envelope to a porter to pass to
appellant because Campbell only saw appellant at dinner and recreation time.
{¶ 18} Nichole Benavides testified she started dating appellant shortly before his
imprisonment in 2015 and communicates with him daily, corresponds with him, and
visits him in prison. Admitted into evidence was a letter Benavides recalled receiving,
which indicated appellant owed money and threated him and his family. Included with
the letter was a photograph of appellant’s son, upon which Benavides had previously
written, “your twin,” but someone else had drawn a target. The return address name on
the envelope was “B. Johnson.” Benavides denied appellant warned her such a letter
would be coming and could not fully recall two conversations with appellant where he
indicated two letters were mailed to her.
{¶ 19} Benavides showed the letter to appellant when she visited him, and he told
her to call the prison and follow their instructions. Benavides faxed the letter to the
prison, but she never heard back about it until an investigator interviewed her about the
letter sent to the judge. Eventually, she felt compelled to give the original letter she had
received to her lawyer because the detective indicated she could be charged with an
offense for not cooperating.
{¶ 20} Benavides testified at trial that appellant used to talk about wanting to
move back to Toledo to be closer to her and his child, but she could not recall appellant
indicating he had a plan to make that happen. However, she also admitted she had told
the investigator that appellant told her he planned to threaten the judge to get a transfer.
9.
She testified she had not taken appellant seriously and told him it was a foolish idea. She
also told the investigator appellant had told her he was sending a letter, but she never saw
it. The investigator had showed Benavides the letter sent to the judge, but she testified it
did not looked like appellant’s handwriting.
{¶ 21} An institutional investigator at Lucasville prison testified he obtained
appellant’s DNA. At that time, appellant was housed in the extended restrictive housing
area (“ERH”), and spent 22-23 hours a day in a single occupant cell except for medical
appointments and recreation in an ERH recreation cage. A visitation log showed that
Benavides was his most frequent visitor, visiting him 18 times from December 2015,
through July 2017, including three times during the period of March and April 2017. The
ERH inmates are allowed little possessions but can send and receive mail. Incoming mail
is screened for contraband, outgoing mail is not screened. Furthermore, the investigator
testified that every inmate is assigned a specific number, but inmates refer to each other
by nicknames, not numbers. The investigator also obtained appellant’s recorded phone
calls made in March and April 2017, and searched appellant’s cell. No other inmate
would have had access to appellant’s cell and could only have taken something placed
next to the cell bars. The investigator had no knowledge of any assaults on appellant by
other inmates.
{¶ 22} A correction officer at the Lucasville prison testified he also searched
appellant’s cell and found 4-5 photos at the back of the 8x10 cell, which were admitted
into evidence. He further testified that when an inmate is sent to another location for
10.
discipline, an officer removes all personal items and catalogs them before a porter cleans
the cell.
{¶ 23} A detective for the Toledo Police Department, investigative service bureau,
testified he started an investigation of this case for the prosecutor’s office. He reviewed
the letter sent to the judge, obtained appellant’s DNA evidence, and delivered the letter to
the BCI for analysis for DNA, fingerprints, and handwriting analysis. When he talked to
appellant about the investigation, appellant appeared very nervous. He was bent over with
his head down and he was perspiring so much that the sweat puddled on the floor. The
detective learned that insufficient DNA was found on the papers to make an identification.
{¶ 24} The detective also recalled speaking to Benavides, who admitted she sent
the letter to the prison after appellant had forewarned her it was coming and that appellant
also told her he was sending a letter to the judge. The detective warned Benavides to be
careful and tell the truth or she could get in trouble for her boyfriend. The detective
obtained the original letter that was faxed to the prison (postmarked March 24, 2017), as
well as other letters appellant had sent Benavides. The detective only sent the letters sent
to the judge and prison to the BCI for handwriting analysis. He also listened to the
recorded phone calls, which were admitted into evidence. In a call made March 25, 2017,
appellant told Benavides she would receive two letters, one letter containing instructions
about what she should do with the other letter. She faxed the letter to the prison on April
14, 2017. In a call on April 1, 2017, appellant stated he told Benavides that what he wrote
in the letters needed to be done as soon as possible so what he was doing could fall into
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place. In another call, appellant stated: “I don’t talk to nobody here about my personal
life.”
{¶ 25} Appellant testified that he never sent the letters at issue. He believed
Benavides was lying because she was mad about appellant talking to his child’s mother
when Benavides could not listen in on the phone call and that she misunderstood that the
statements he made in the phone calls related to gambling. He also asserted that ex-gang
members had framed him. He acknowledged that his name and the prisoner number were
on the envelope of the letter sent to the judge, but asserted his name and number are at
the top of his cell and he wears an ID badge. He admitted he never talked to other
prisoners about his family and personal affairs, but that when he was sent to the “hole”
for fighting, the porter could have picked up one of the 300-400 photographs he kept in
his cell.
{¶ 26} On appeal, appellant asserts that his fingerprint was found only on the back
of the envelope, not on the letter, and there was no conclusive evidence that appellant
drafted the letter. He also argues Benavides’s testimony lacked credibility because her
statements were made solely because of threats to charge her with aiding and abetting
appellant if she did not cooperate.
{¶ 27} The direct evidence of guilt in this case was that appellant’s fingerprint was
found on the back of the envelope. While Campbell’s fingerprint was also found on the
envelope, he provided a reasonable explanation for why it could have been there. The
forensic scientist explained there are other reasons why the remaining fingerprints found
12.
on the letter were insufficient to be compared or how appellant could have touched the
letter but no fingerprints were found on it.
{¶ 28} Furthermore, Benavides admitted she told the investigator that appellant
told her he was going to write such a letter to be moved closer to Toledo. Appellant
challenges her credibility on the basis that she had been threatened with charges if she did
not cooperate with the investigator. The investigator admitted he merely warned
Benavides of the consequences if she did not cooperate and also encouraged her to seek
counsel. Benavides never testified that she felt improperly pressured by the detective.
Nonetheless, the fact that she might have felt pressured to turn over the letter does not
establish that she would lie about appellant’s statements that he was going to send a letter
to the judge.
{¶ 29} While the handwriting analysis failed to conclusively establish appellant as
the author of the letter to the judge, the writing exemplar was created when appellant
knew it would be used to compare his handwriting and, therefore, he had a motivation to
alter his handwriting. Although Benavides denied that the handwriting matched
appellant’s handwriting, she had a motivation to lie and her statements were inconsistent
with her statements to the investigator that appellant said he wrote the letter. Finally,
appellant was never excluded as the writer of the letter and a forensic scientist found
some indications that appellant’s handwriting matched the letter.
{¶ 30} There was also circumstantial evidence connecting appellant to the letter.
The letter contained appellant’s inmate number, which he testified he has not shared with
13.
other inmates. The letter was addressed to the particular judge who had sentenced
appellant. Appellant appeared nervous when the Toledo police officer came to the prison
to take appellant’s DNA sample. Benavides testified appellant wanted to be moved back
to Toledo. Benavides also received a letter regarding threats against appellant, which
included a photograph of appellant’s son that he would have kept in his cell that no other
prisoner could enter. While appellant alluded to a theory that he had been framed, he
presented no evidence to support that theory.
{¶ 31} When all of the evidence is considered as a whole, we find the jury did not
lose its way in evaluating the evidence and drawing inferences from the direct evidence.
Therefore, we find that appellant’s conviction was not contrary to the manifest weight of
the evidence. Appellant’s second assignment of error is found not well-taken.
{¶ 32} In his third assignment of error appellant argues the trial court erred by
imposing costs only in the sentencing entry and not at the sentencing hearing and without
consideration of whether appellant had any present or future ability to pay costs.
Appellant argues the trial court did not comply with the applicable statutes and find
appellant’s current or future ability to pay before imposing the costs of supervision,
confinement, appointed counsel, and prosecution.
{¶ 33} In its sentencing judgment, the trial court stated: “Defendant found to
have, or reasonably may be expected to have, the means to pay all or part of the
applicable costs of supervision, confinement, assigned counsel, and prosecution as
authorized by law.” The court is not required to consider the defendant’s ability to pay
14.
the costs of prosecution, but must do so before imposing the costs of appointed counsel
and confinement. R.C. 2947.23(A)(1)(a) (costs of prosecution); R.C. 2941.51(D) (costs
of appointed counsel); R.C. 2929.18(A)(5)(a)(ii) (costs of confinement). The costs of
supervision are not at issue in this case because a prison term was imposed. R.C.
2929.18(A)(5)(a)(i). The state concedes the trial court was required to consider
appellant’s ability to pay the costs of appointed counsel and confinement and did not do
so at the sentencing hearing. We agree. Therefore, we find appellant’s third assignment
of error well-taken as to the costs of appointed counsel and confinement.
{¶ 34} Having found that the trial court did commit error prejudicial to appellant
and that substantial justice has not been done, the judgment of the Lucas County Court of
Common Pleas is reversed in part. Appellant’s conviction is affirmed, but the sentence is
hereby vacated. This matter is remanded to the trial court for resentencing. Appellee is
ordered to pay the costs of this appeal pursuant to App.R. 24(A).
Judgment affirmed, in part,
reversed, in part, and remanded.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27.
See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
15.
State v. Eaton
C.A. No. L-18-1183
Mark L. Pietrykowski, J. _______________________________
JUDGE
Arlene Singer, J.
_______________________________
Christine E. Mayle, J. JUDGE
CONCUR.
_______________________________
JUDGE
This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of
Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported
version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at:
http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/ROD/docs/.
16.