State v. Whitacker , 2020 Ohio 4249 ( 2020 )

[Cite as State v. Whitacker, 2020-Ohio-4249.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
WOOD COUNTY
State of Ohio Court of Appeals Nos. WD-19-038
WD-19-039
Appellee WD-19-040
v. Trial Court Nos. 2016CR0004
2016CR0129
Jesse Whitacker 2016CR0459
Appellant
DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Decided: August 28, 2020
*****
Paul A. Dobson, Wood County Prosecuting Attorney, and
David T. Harold, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee.
Michael B. Kelley, for appellant.
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MAYLE, J.
{¶ 1} In this consolidated appeal, Jesse Whitacker appeals the June 24, 2019
judgment of the Wood County Court of Common Pleas sentencing him to an aggregate
prison term of three years. For the following reasons, we affirm the judgment of the trial
court.
I. Background
{¶ 2} This consolidated appeal involves three separate cases from the Wood
County Court of Common Pleas: (1) case No. 2016CR004, in which Whitacker was
charged with one count of aggravated possession of drugs in violation of R.C.
2925.11(A)(C)(1), a felony of the fifth degree; (2) case No. 2016CR129, in which
Whitacker was charged with aggravated possession of drugs in violation of R.C.
2925.11(A)(6)(a), a felony of the fifth degree; and (3) case No. 2016CR0459, in which
Whitacker was charged with trafficking in cocaine in violation of R.C.
2925.03(A)(1)(C)(4)(a), a felony of the fifth degree.
{¶ 3} Whitacker initially entered a not guilty plea to each charge. On
December 16, 2016, following plea negotiations with the state, Whitacker appeared for a
combined change of plea hearing and agreed to enter a guilty plea in each case. The trial
court accepted Whitacker’s guilty pleas, advised him of Crim.R. 11 rights, and ordered
him to participate in a presentence investigation.
{¶ 4} On February 6, 2017, the trial court sentenced Whitacker to three years of
community control, with 15 separate conditions. Additionally, in case No. 2016CR004,
the trial court ordered Whitacker to enter into and complete the SEARCH substance
abuse treatment program at the Northwest Community Corrections Center as a condition
of community control. The trial court informed Whitaker that if he violated the
conditions of his community control, the trial court would impose 12-month prison
sentences for each conviction, and order the prison sentences to be served consecutively.
2.
{¶ 5} Although Whitacker successfully completed the SEARCH Program, he
violated other conditions of his community control. On January 5, 2018, the state filed a
petition to revoke Whitacker’s community control because Whitacker was arrested for
operating a vehicle while intoxicated and tested positive for cocaine and fentanyl. On
February 5, 2018, Whitacker admitted these allegations, and the trial court found that he
had violated the terms of his community control. As a sanction, the trial court extended
Whitacker’s term of community control by an additional year. The trial court also
ordered Whitacker to continue to abide by all conditions originally imposed.
{¶ 6} On June 5, 2018, the state filed a second petition for revocation of
community control. The state alleged that Whitacker failed a scheduled drug test by
testing positive for suboxone and fentanyl. Whitacker again admitted to the violations.
Whitacker was ordered to continue on community control under the same conditions as
originally imposed. In addition, with respect to case No. 2016CR0129, the trial court
ordered Whitacker to re-enter and complete the SEARCH program at the Northwest
Community Corrections Center.
{¶ 7} On January 9, 2019, the state filed a third petition for revocation of
community control. The state alleged Whitacker failed a scheduled dug test by testing
positive for fentanyl. Whitacker admitted to the violation at a January 14, 2019 hearing.
The trial court found that Whitacker had violated the conditions of his community control
and set the matter for disposition on April 15, 2019.
3.
{¶ 8} On April 2, 2019, prior to disposition, the state filed a fourth petition for
revocation of community control. The state alleged that Whitacker failed to report to the
probation department as required by the terms of his community control. As a result of
this petition, Whitacker appeared for a bond revocation hearing on April 8, 2019. At that
time, he underwent a drug screening and tested positive for suboxone and fentanyl. The
state filed an “addendum” to its April 2, 2019 petition—a fifth petition to revoke
community control—adding the most-recent positive drug screening as an additional
reason to revoke Whitacker’s community control.
{¶ 9} At his April 15, 2019 sentencing, Whitacker admitted to the violations
identified in the April 2, 2019 petition and the April 8, 2019 addendum. The trial court
accepted Whitacker’s admission and proceeded with sentencing. The trial court
determined that Whitacker was no longer amenable to community control and imposed a
one-year prison term on each of Whitacker’s convictions. The trial court ordered the
sentences to be served consecutively for a total aggregate prison term of three years.
Whitacker timely appealed and asserts the following error for our review:
1. It is plain error and an abuse of discretion for the trial court to
sentence Appellant to prison exceeding ninety days on a felony of the fifth
degree for a technical violation of ORC 2929.15(B)(1)(c)(i).
II. Law and Analysis
{¶ 10} We review felony sentences under R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). State v. Goings, 6th
Dist. Lucas No. L-13-1103, 2014-Ohio-2322, ¶ 20. We may increase, modify, or vacate
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and remand a judgment only if we clearly and convincingly find either of the following:
“(a) the record does not support the sentencing court’s findings under division (B) or (D)
of section 2929.13, division (B)(2)(e) or (C)(4) of section 2929.14, or division (I) of
section 2929.20 of the Revised Code, whichever, if any, is relevant” or “(b) the sentence is
otherwise contrary to law.” State v. Yeager, 6th Dist. Sandusky No. S-15-025, 2016-
Ohio-4759, ¶ 7, citing R.C. 2953.08(G)(2).
{¶ 11} Here, Whitacker argues that his felony sentences are contrary to law
because they violate R.C. 2929.15(B), which provides:
(B)(1) If the conditions of a community control sanction are violated
or if the offender violates a law or leaves the state without the permission of
the court or the offender's probation officer, the sentencing court may
impose upon the violator one or more of the following penalties:
***
(c) A prison term on the offender pursuant to section 2929.14 of the
Revised Code and division (B)(3) of this section, provided that a prison
term imposed under this division is subject to the following limitations, as
applicable:
(i) If the prison term is imposed for any technical violation of the
conditions of a community control sanction imposed for a felony of the
fifth degree or for any violation of law committed while under a community
control sanction imposed for such a felony that consists of a new criminal
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offense and that is not a felony, the prison term shall not exceed ninety
days.
{¶ 12} Accordingly, a prison term imposed following a technical violation of the
conditions of community control is contrary to law if it exceeds the applicable time limits
established in R.C. 2929.15(B)(1)(c). See State v. Goetz, 6th Dist. No. Ottawa Nos.
OT-19-013, OT-19-014, 2019-Ohio-5424, ¶ 17. Here, it is Whitacker’s burden to
demonstrate, by clear and convincing evidence, that his violations were technical in
nature—and, therefore, that the trial court erred by imposing a prison sentence that
exceeded the applicable 90-day limit established in R.C. 2929.15(B). State v. Moore,
12th Dist. Butler No. CA2007-03-060, 2008-Ohio-1477, ¶ 12, citing State v. Costlow, 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 89501, 2008-Ohio-1097, ¶ 15.
{¶ 13} The Supreme Court of Ohio recently held that a “violation is ‘nontechnical’
if, considering the totality of the circumstances, the violation concerns a condition of
community control that was ‘specifically tailored to address’ matters related to the
defendant’s misconduct or if it can be deemed a ‘substantive rehabilitative requirement
which addressed a significant factor contributing to’ the defendant's misconduct.” State
v. Nelson, Slip Opinion No. 2020-Ohio-3690, ¶ 26, citing State v. Davis, 12th Dist.
Warren No. CA2017-11-156, 2018-Ohio-2672, ¶ 17, 18; see also State v. Calhoun, 6th
Dist. Wood No. WD-17-067, 2019-Ohio-228, ¶ 30 (a violation is nontechnical if the
condition violated “a specifically tailored substantive rehabilitative requirement” as
opposed to “a general administrative requirement to facilitate supervision during the
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period of the sanction.”) In addition, a trial court “may find a violation to be more
serious—and therefore nontechnical— based in part on the manner in which the violation
occurred; it is not constrained to reviewing only the nature of the condition itself.” Id. at
¶ 23 (emphasis sic). “[T]he statute allows the trial court to engage in a practical
assessment of the case before it, i.e., to consider the nature of the community-control
condition at issue and the manner in which it was violated as well as any other relevant
circumstances in the case.” Id. at ¶ 26. “There is no single factor that determine[s]
whether a violation is technical or nontechnical.” Id.
{¶ 14} Whitacker argues that his most-recent violations—i.e., his admitted use of
illegal drugs—were technical in nature because the requirement that he refrain from using
drugs was a general administrative condition of his community control rather than a
specifically tailored substantive rehabilitative requirement. Whitacker also argues that
his violations were technical because they did not result in new felony charges. We
disagree for several reasons.
{¶ 15} First, Whitacker was convicted of two counts of drug possession and one
count of drug trafficking. Given that his convictions were for drug-related offenses, we
find that the community control conditions that prohibited drug use were substantive
rehabilitative requirements rather than general administrative requirements to facilitate
his supervision. See State v. Hope, 6th Dist. Wood No. WD-18-080, 2019-Ohio-3023(holding a defendant’s failure to appear for and pass drug tests violated substantive
rehabilitative requirements and were nontechnical violations). Accordingly, when he
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tested positive for drugs, he violated substantive rehabilitative requirements of his
community control. The trial court therefore did not err when it determined that
Whitacker’s violations were nontechnical.
{¶ 16} Second, at sentencing, the trial court recounted Whitacker’s history of
repeated community control violations. The trial court also noted that while Whitacker
had some success in drug treatment programming, he nevertheless continued to use drugs
in violation of his community control conditions. In accordance with Nelson, the trial
court engaged in a practical assessment of the case before it, and considered the manner
in which Whitacker’s violations had occurred. We find that Whitacker’s repeated
violations, particularly in light of the nature of his convictions, supports the trial court’s
conclusion that the violations were nontechnical. Nelson at ¶ 26.
{¶ 17} Finally, contrary to Whitacker’s argument, it is immaterial that his
violations did not constitute new felonies. “The determination whether a violation is a
‘technical violation’ under R.C. 2929.15(B)(1)(c) does not turn on whether the conduct at
issue is criminal.” Nelson at ¶ 26. In Nelson, the Supreme Court of Ohio explicitly
rejected the proposition that all noncriminal conduct necessarily results in a technical
violation of community control conditions. Id. at ¶ 27. Rather, trial courts have
discretion to consider the nature of the violation on a case-by-case basis when
determining whether the violation was technical or nontechnical.
{¶ 18} In sum, the trial court’s determination that appellant’s violations of the
conditions of his community control were nontechnical is supported by the record, and
8.
Whitacker fails to identify any evidence to the contrary. As a result, the 90-day time
limit established in R.C. 2929.15(B)(1)(c)(i) for prison terms resulting from a technical
community control violation is not applicable to Whitacker’s sentence. The trial court’s
imposition of a one-year prison term on each of Whitaker’s convictions is not contrary to
law and his assignment of error is found not well-taken.
III. Conclusion
{¶ 19} We find appellant’s assignment of error not well-taken. We therefore
affirm the June 24, 2019 judgment of the Wood County Court of Common Pleas.
Appellant is ordered to pay the costs of this appeal pursuant to App.R. 24.
Judgment affirmed.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27.
See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
Mark L. Pietrykowski, J. _______________________________
JUDGE
Christine E. Mayle, J.
_______________________________
Gene A. Zmuda, P.J. JUDGE
CONCUR.
_______________________________
JUDGE
This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of
Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported
version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at:
http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/ROD/docs/.
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