Benjamin M. v. Jeri S. , 307 Neb. 733 ( 2020 )


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  • Nebraska Supreme Court Online Library
    www.nebraska.gov/apps-courts-epub/
    12/04/2020 08:08 AM CST
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    Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets
    307 Nebraska Reports
    BENJAMIN M. v. JERI S.
    Cite as 
    307 Neb. 733
    Benjamin M., appellant, v.
    Jeri S., appellee.
    ___ N.W.2d ___
    Filed November 6, 2020.   No. S-19-1144.
    1. Motions to Dismiss: Rules of the Supreme Court: Pleadings: Appeal
    and Error. A district court’s grant of a motion to dismiss for failure to
    state a claim under Neb. Ct. R. of Pldg. § 6-1112(b)(6) is reviewed de
    novo, accepting all the allegations in the complaint as true and drawing
    all reasonable inferences in favor of the nonmoving party.
    2. Statutes: Appeal and Error. Statutory interpretation presents a ques-
    tion of law. On a question of law, an appellate court is obligated to
    reach a conclusion independent of the determination reached by the
    court below.
    3. Jurisdiction: Words and Phrases. Subject matter jurisdiction is the
    power of a tribunal to hear and determine a case in the general class or
    category to which the proceedings in question belong and to deal with
    the general subject matter involved.
    4. Courts: Jurisdiction: Paternity. District courts have subject matter
    jurisdiction of actions to determine paternity of a child.
    5. Limitations of Actions: Pleadings. A challenge that a pleading is
    barred by the statute of limitations is a challenge that the pleading fails
    to allege sufficient facts to constitute a claim upon which relief can
    be granted.
    6. Limitations of Actions: Pleadings: Waiver. A statute of limitations
    does not operate by its own force as a bar, but, rather, operates as a
    defense to be pleaded by the party relying upon it and is waived if
    not pleaded.
    7. Limitations of Actions: Jurisdiction. The failure to comply with a
    statute of limitations is not an issue of subject matter jurisdiction.
    8. Paternity: Acknowledgments. The proper legal effect of a signed, nota-
    rized acknowledgment of paternity is a finding that the individual who
    signed as the father is in fact the legal father.
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    9. ____: ____. The establishment of paternity by acknowledgment is the
    equivalent to establishment of paternity by judicial proceeding.
    10. Constitutional Law: Parental Rights: Minors. Parents have a consti-
    tutional right to retain custody and control of their child.
    11. Constitutional Law: Jurisdiction: Equity: Child Custody. Article
    V, § 9, of the Nebraska Constitution confers equity jurisdiction upon
    the district courts, and issues of child custody fall within that general
    equity jurisdiction.
    12. Paternity: Acknowledgments: Child Custody: Child Support. Neb.
    Rev. Stat. § 43-1402 (Reissue 2016) authorizes the filing of an action for
    child custody and child support when an acknowledgment of paternity
    has been executed by the parties.
    13. Limitations of Actions: Paternity: Acknowledgments: Child
    Custody: Child Support. The 4-year statute of limitations on paternity
    actions does not bar an action for child custody and child support for a
    father who executed an acknowledgment of paternity.
    14. Appeal and Error. An appellate court is not obligated to engage in an
    analysis that is not necessary to adjudicate the case and controversy
    before it.
    Appeal from the District Court for Lancaster County:
    Susan I. Strong, Judge. Reversed and remanded for further
    proceedings.
    Megan E. McDowell and Jerrad R. Ahrens, of Cordell &
    Cordell, P.C., for appellant.
    Robert Wm. Chapin, Jr., for appellee.
    Heavican, C.J., Miller-Lerman, Cassel, Stacy, Funke,
    Papik, and Freudenberg, JJ.
    Funke, J.
    NATURE OF CASE
    Benjamin M. filed an action to establish paternity, custody,
    support, and parenting time. Benjamin later filed two notarized
    acknowledgments of paternity contemporaneously with an
    amended complaint to establish custody, support, and parent-
    ing time. The district court dismissed the amended complaint
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    BENJAMIN M. v. JERI S.
    Cite as 
    307 Neb. 733
    based on statute of limitations grounds. Benjamin appeals and
    argues that the district court erred in failing to give proper legal
    effect to the notarized acknowledgments of paternity. We agree
    and reverse the district court’s order and remand the cause for
    further proceedings.
    BACKGROUND
    Benjamin and Jeri S. are the unmarried parents of two minor
    children: F.M., born in 2010, and L.M., born in 2012. Two days
    after the birth of F.M., Benjamin and Jeri executed a notarized
    acknowledgment of paternity for F.M. One day after the birth
    of L.M., Benjamin and Jeri executed a notarized acknowledg-
    ment of paternity for L.M.
    In April 2019, Benjamin filed a complaint in the district court
    for Lancaster County, Nebraska, to establish paternity, child
    custody, child support, and parenting time. Jeri filed a motion
    to dismiss pursuant to Neb. Rev. Stat. § 43-1411 (Reissue
    2016), arguing that the court lacked subject matter jurisdic-
    tion to adjudicate the case because the complaint was filed
    beyond the 4-year statute of limitations for a paternity action.
    In response, Benjamin filed an amended complaint to establish
    child custody, child support, and parenting time in which he
    pled that he and Jeri had executed notarized acknowledgments
    of paternity for both children. The amended complaint further
    alleged that as a result of the acknowledgments of paternity,
    Benjamin was the legal father of both children.
    The court held hearings on the motion to dismiss on
    August 23 and September 10, 2019. The hearings were held
    “in chambers [and] not on the record.” However, at the
    September 10 hearing, the court went on the record to “see if
    [counsel for Benjamin] would like to offer the acknowledg-
    ments of paternity as exhibits that the Court could consider
    on the motion to dismiss,” as well as to “address [counsel
    for Benjamin’s] comment that an Amended Complaint has
    been filed after the motion to dismiss.” Certified copies of
    the notarized acknowledgments of paternity for both F.M. and
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    L.M. were offered and received into evidence, without objec-
    tion from Jeri. In response, the court proposed converting
    the motion to dismiss into a motion for summary judgment.
    Neither party objected.
    On September 11, 2019, the district court entered an order
    of dismissal. In its order, the district court determined that
    Benjamin set forth no allegations that would toll the statute
    of limitations and pointed out that Benjamin knew he was the
    biological father at the time of the births, as evidenced by the
    notarized acknowledgments of paternity, but he waited more
    than 4 years to bring this action. The district court discussed
    Neb. Rev. Stat. § 43-1409 (Reissue 2016), which recognizes
    that a signed, notarized acknowledgment of paternity can be
    rescinded within the earlier of 60 days or the date of a judi-
    cial proceeding relating to the child, including a proceeding
    to establish a support order, in which the signatory is a party.
    The district court also discussed Cesar C. v. Alicia L., 1 in
    which this court found that a lower court committed plain
    error when it failed to give proper legal effect to a notarized
    acknowledgment of paternity signed at birth. However, the
    district court noted that Cesar C. did not involve the statute
    of limitations. The district court concluded that Benjamin
    failed to timely exercise his parental rights with due diligence
    and that thus, his action was barred by the 4-year statute of
    limitations set forth in § 43-1411. Because the court consid-
    ered evidence (in the form of the acknowledgments of pater-
    nity), it applied a motion for summary judgment standard to
    Jeri’s motion to dismiss. The court stated that when viewing
    the evidence and all reasonable inferences in the light most
    favorable to Benjamin, it could not find any genuine issues
    of material fact which would preclude summary judgment.
    The court determined that Benjamin was asserting his parental
    rights more than 4 years after the birth of his children and
    1
    Cesar C. v. Alicia L., 
    281 Neb. 979
    , 
    800 N.W.2d 249
    (2011).
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    BENJAMIN M. v. JERI S.
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    307 Neb. 733
    ultimately found that an untimely action to establish paternity
    under § 43-1411 was a defect in subject matter jurisdiction
    and dismissed the case.
    On September 20, 2019, Benjamin filed motions to recon-
    sider, to vacate the order of dismissal, for new trial, and to
    reopen evidence. After a hearing, the district court entered an
    order denying all four motions. Benjamin timely appeals.
    ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
    Benjamin assigns, restated and consolidated, that the dis-
    trict court erred (1) by not giving proper legal effect to the
    acknowledgments of paternity, (2) in finding the notarized
    acknowledgments of paternity recognized in Neb. Rev. Stat.
    § 43-1402 (Reissue 2016) are subject to the 4-year statute of
    limitations for paternity actions set forth in § 43-1411, and
    (3) by improperly converting Jeri’s motion to dismiss into a
    motion for summary judgment without proper notice or an
    opportunity to respond.
    STANDARD OF REVIEW
    [1] A district court’s grant of a motion to dismiss for fail-
    ure to state a claim under Neb. Ct. R. Pldg. § 6-1112(b)(6) is
    reviewed de novo, accepting all the allegations in the com-
    plaint as true and drawing all reasonable inferences in favor of
    the nonmoving party. 2
    [2] Statutory interpretation presents a question of law. 3 On
    a question of law, an appellate court is obligated to reach a
    conclusion independent of the determination reached by the
    court below. 4
    2
    Anderson v. Wells Fargo Fin. Accept., 
    269 Neb. 595
    , 
    694 N.W.2d 625
        (2005).
    3
    See, State ex rel. Wagner v. Gilbane Bldg. Co., 
    280 Neb. 223
    , 
    786 N.W.2d 330
    (2010); State v. Decker, 
    261 Neb. 382
    , 
    622 N.W.2d 903
    (2002).
    4
    Ruzicka v. Ruzicka, 
    262 Neb. 824
    , 
    635 N.W.2d 528
    (2001).
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    BENJAMIN M. v. JERI S.
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    307 Neb. 733
    ANALYSIS
    Jurisdiction
    [3,4] Before reaching the legal issues presented for review,
    an appellate court must determine whether it has jurisdiction. 5
    In its order of dismissal, the district dismissed the case for
    lack of subject matter jurisdiction for Benjamin’s failure to file
    his paternity action within 4 years of the birth of the children.
    Subject matter jurisdiction is the power of a tribunal to hear
    and determine a case in the general class or category to which
    the proceedings in question belong and to deal with the gen-
    eral subject matter involved. 6 We have consistently held that
    the district court has subject matter jurisdiction of an action to
    determine paternity of a child. 7
    [5-7] A challenge that a pleading is barred by the statute
    of limitations is a challenge that the pleading fails to allege
    sufficient facts to constitute a claim upon which relief can be
    granted. 8 We have previously stated that a statute of limita-
    tions specifies only that an action must be commenced within
    a specified time period. 9 Further, a statute of limitations does
    not operate by its own force as a bar, but, rather, operates as
    a defense to be pleaded by the party relying upon it and is
    waived if not pleaded. 10 Parties cannot confer subject matter
    jurisdiction upon a judicial tribunal by either acquiescence
    or consent, nor may subject matter jurisdiction be created
    5
    McEwen v. Nebraska State College Sys., 
    303 Neb. 552
    , 
    931 N.W.2d 120
         (2019).
    6
    J.S. v. Grand Island Public Schools, 
    297 Neb. 347
    , 
    899 N.W.2d 893
         (2017).
    7
    Sherman T. v. Karyn N., 
    286 Neb. 468
    , 
    837 N.W.2d 746
    (2013). See Neb.
    Rev. Stat. § 43-1411.01 (Cum. Supp. 2018).
    8
    Anthony K. v. Nebraska Dept. of Health & Human Servs., 
    289 Neb. 540
    ,
    
    855 N.W.2d 788
    (2014).
    9
    In re Estate of Hockemeier, 
    280 Neb. 420
    , 
    786 N.W.2d 680
    (2010).
    10
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    BENJAMIN M. v. JERI S.
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    by waiver, estoppel, consent, or conduct of the parties. 11 As
    such, the failure to comply with a statute of limitations is not
    an issue of subject matter jurisdiction. Instead, we find that a
    more appropriate ground for dismissal in this case would have
    been dismissal for failure to state a claim upon which relief
    can be granted. 12 However, neither party has raised this issue
    on appeal, and as such, we proceed with our analysis as if the
    district court had dismissed this case on the ground of failure to
    state a claim upon which relief could be granted.
    Acknowledgments of Paternity
    Benjamin argues that the district court erred by not giv-
    ing the acknowledgments of paternity proper legal effect. He
    further contends that a notarized acknowledgment of paternity
    which has not been rescinded is not merely a presumption of
    paternity, but a legal finding of paternity. Jeri counters that
    any paternity action brought more than 4 years after the birth
    of the child is barred by § 43-1411. She contends that an
    acknowledgment of paternity has no effect on the 4-year statute
    of limitations.
    [8] The procedure for obtaining a judicial determination of
    paternity is set forth in Neb. Rev. Stat. §§ 43-1401 to 43-1418
    (Reissue 2016 & Cum. Supp. 2018). Section 43-1409 provides
    as follows:
    The signing of a notarized acknowledgment, whether
    under section 43-1408.01 or otherwise, by the alleged
    father shall create a rebuttable presumption of ­paternity as
    against the alleged father. The signed, notarized acknowl-
    edgment is subject to the right of any signatory to rescind
    the acknowledgment within the earlier of (1) sixty days
    or (2) the date of an administrative or judicial proceed-
    ing relating to the child, including a proceeding to estab-
    lish a support order in which the signatory is a party.
    11
    J.S., supra note 6.
    12
    See Anthony K., supra note 8.
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    After the rescission period a signed, notarized acknowl-
    edgment is considered a legal finding which may be
    challenged only on the basis of fraud, duress, or material
    mistake of fact with the burden of proof upon the chal-
    lenger, and the legal responsibilities, including the child
    support obligation, of any signatory arising from the
    acknowledgment shall not be suspended during the chal-
    lenge, except for good cause shown. Such a signed and
    notarized acknowledgment or a certified copy or certified
    reproduction thereof shall be admissible in evidence in
    any proceeding to establish support.
    We have held that an unrescinded and unchallenged acknowl-
    edgment of paternity operates as a legal finding of paternity
    and that the proper legal effect of a signed, notarized acknowl-
    edgment is a finding that the individual who signed as the
    father is in fact the legal father. 13
    [9] In Cesar C., we considered the legal effect of an
    acknowledgment of paternity in a custody matter. 14 In that
    case, Cesar C. and Alicia L. were unmarried, but shared a
    child, Jaime C., together. A notarized acknowledgment of
    paternity was executed at Jaime’s birth, and Cesar was listed
    as Jaime’s father on the birth certificate. Three years later, at
    a subsequent court proceeding to establish custody and child
    support, a genetic test ruled out Cesar as a possible biologi-
    cal father of Jaime. Although the district court received the
    notarized acknowledgment of paternity into evidence without
    objection, it awarded custody of Jaime to Alicia and deter-
    mined Alicia had superior rights to custody as the biological
    parent of Jaime. On appeal, this court reversed the decision
    of the district court and concluded that the district court com-
    mitted plain error when it failed to give proper legal effect to
    13
    See, Tyler F. v. Sara P., 
    306 Neb. 397
    , 
    945 N.W.2d 502
    (2020); In re
    Adoption of Jaelyn B., 
    293 Neb. 917
    , 
    883 N.W.2d 22
    (2016); Cesar C.,
    supra note 1.
    14
    Cesar C., supra note 1.
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    the acknowledgment of paternity, which established Cesar as
    Jaime’s legal father. We determined that had the court given
    proper legal effect to the acknowledgment, the court would
    have viewed both Cesar and Alicia as legal parents to Jaime.
    We found that the establishment of paternity by acknowledg-
    ment is the equivalent to the establishment of paternity by
    judicial proceeding. As a result, we held that based upon the
    acknowledgment of paternity, the court should have treated the
    complaint to establish paternity as a complaint to determine
    custody and support.
    In In re Adoption of Jaelyn B., 15 we addressed the legal
    effect of an acknowledgment of paternity in a proceeding for
    adoption. We held that a father whose paternity is established
    by a final, voluntary acknowledgment has the same right to
    seek custody as the child’s biological mother, even if subse-
    quent genetic testing shows he is not the biological father.
    Recently, in Tyler F. v. Sara P., 16 we again had the occasion
    to consider the effect of an acknowledgment of paternity in
    a custody matter. In Tyler F., the district court ruled that an
    acknowledgment of paternity established Tyler as the legal
    father and a subsequent genetic test established another man as
    the biological father. In doing so, the court granted both men
    paternal rights. On appeal, we held that the original acknowl-
    edgment of paternity determined that Tyler was the only father
    of the minor child and that the subsequent genetic test did not
    establish paternal rights for the other man without setting aside
    the acknowledgment of paternity.
    Additionally, § 43-1402 states that the father of a child
    whose paternity is established either by judicial proceedings
    or by acknowledgment shall be liable for the child’s support
    to the same extent and in the same manner as the father of a
    child born in lawful wedlock is liable for the child’s support.
    15
    In re Adoption of Jaelyn B., supra note 13.
    16
    Tyler F., supra note 13.
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    We have explained that this language contained in § 43-1402
    contemplates that an establishment of paternity by acknowl-
    edgment is the equivalent to an establishment of paternity by
    judicial proceeding. 17
    Furthermore, § 43-1412.01 authorizes the setting aside of a
    final judgment, a court order, an administrative order, an obli-
    gation to pay child support, or any other legal determination
    of paternity if a scientifically reliable genetic test performed
    establishes the exclusion of the individual named as a father
    in the legal determination. However, the statute precludes the
    granting of such relief when, among other things, the indi-
    vidual named as the father completed a notarized acknowledg-
    ment of paternity. 18 This provision in § 43-1412.01 provides
    further support for the conclusion that an acknowledgment
    legally establishes paternity and grants the individual named
    as father the legal status of a parent to the child regardless of
    genetic factors. 19
    In the instant matter, it is undisputed that the acknowledg-
    ments of paternity have not been timely rescinded. It is also
    undisputed that there have been no challenges made to the
    signed and notarized acknowledgments of paternity based on
    fraud, duress, or material mistake of fact. 20 Further, neither
    party disputes that the acknowledgments of paternity oper-
    ate as a finding that Benjamin is the legal father of F.M. and
    L.M. In fact, at the hearing on the motion to dismiss, counsel
    for Jeri stated, “I think what’s interesting about this particular
    case is that the acknowledgment of paternity establishes that
    [Benjamin] is, in fact, the father. We’re not actually even con-
    testing that.”
    Based upon the clear language of §§ 43-1402 and 43-1409,
    our cases interpreting these statutes, and the record before
    17
    Id.; Cesar C., supra note 1.
    18
    § 43-1412.01.
    19
    Cesar C., supra note 1.
    20
    See § 43-1409.
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    us, we find that Benjamin’s acknowledgments of paternity
    established him as the legal father of the minor children.
    Statute of Limitations
    In the present case, the district court did not have the benefit
    of our decision in Tyler F. 21 However, the court did consider
    our decision in Cesar C. and determined that its holding was
    inapplicable to this matter because Jeri’s defense was based
    on the statute of limitations, rather than on paternity. 22 The
    4-year statute of limitations for paternity actions is found in
    § 43-1411, which states, in relevant part:
    A civil proceeding to establish the paternity of a child
    may be instituted, in the court of the district where
    the child is domiciled or found or, for cases under the
    Uniform Interstate Family Support Act, where the alleged
    father is domiciled, by (1) the mother or the alleged father
    of such child, either during pregnancy or within four
    years after the child’s birth . . . .
    In its order, the district court determined that if Benjamin
    had filed his action within 4 years from the date the chil-
    dren were born, “[it] would be required to treat the case as
    one for custody and support as between two legal parents
    (unless [Jeri] could successfully challenge the acknowledg-
    ments of paternity).”
    It is undisputed that Benjamin filed his complaint to estab-
    lish paternity, custody, and support more than 4 years after the
    birth of the minor children. However, by the time Benjamin
    initiated the current proceedings, Benjamin’s paternity of F.M.
    and L.M. had already been established by the execution of
    unrescinded and unchallenged acknowledgments of paternity.
    As such paternity was no longer an issue, the only remaining
    issues to decide were issues of custody and support. As we
    have previously stated, when an action to establish paternity,
    21
    See Tyler F., supra note 13.
    22
    See Cesar C., supra note 1.
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    custody, and support has been filed after the execution of an
    acknowledgment of paternity, the court should treat the action
    as an action solely to determine custody and support. 23
    [10] Jeri contends that despite Benjamin’s status as the legal
    father, there is no statutory authority for Benjamin to bring an
    action in district court to establish custody and support. We dis-
    agree. First, it is beyond dispute that under the U.S. Supreme
    Court’s longstanding precedent, parents have a constitutional
    right to retain custody and control of their child. 24 Second, the
    Nebraska Legislature has recognized the critical importance of
    the parent-child relationship in the welfare and development of
    the child and that the relationship between the child and each
    parent should be equally considered unless it is contrary to the
    best interests of the child. 25
    The district courts of Nebraska are courts of general juris-
    diction and thus have inherent power to do all things neces-
    sary for the administration of justice within the scope of their
    jurisdiction. 26 Any power conferred by the constitution cannot
    be legislatively limited or controlled. 27 The Legislature may,
    however, grant to the district courts such additional jurisdiction
    as it may deem proper. 28
    [11] We have said that article V, § 9, of the Nebraska
    Constitution confers equity jurisdiction upon the district
    courts, and issues of child custody fall within that general
    23
    See, Tyler F., supra note 13; Cesar C., supra note 1.
    24
    Amanda C. v. Case, 
    275 Neb. 757
    , 
    749 N.W.2d 429
    (2008). See, Troxel v.
    Granville, 
    530 U.S. 57
    , 
    120 S. Ct. 2054
    , 
    147 L. Ed. 2d 49
    (2000) (plurality
    opinion) (citing Prince v. Massachusetts, 
    321 U.S. 158
    , 
    64 S. Ct. 438
    , 
    88 L. Ed. 645
    (1944); Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 
    268 U.S. 510
    , 
    45 S. Ct. 571
    , 
    69 L. Ed. 1070
    (1925); Meyer v. Nebraska, 
    262 U.S. 390
    , 
    43 S. Ct. 625
    , 
    67 L. Ed. 1042
    (1923)).
    25
    Neb. Rev. Stat. § 43-2921 (Reissue 2016).
    26
    Charleen J. v. Blake O., 
    289 Neb. 454
    , 
    855 N.W.2d 587
    (2014).
    27
    Id. 28
         Id.
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    equity jurisdiction. 29 Indeed, since a century ago, Nebraska
    common law has recognized an action in equity for custody
    apart from an action for dissolution of marriage or paternity. 30
    Even when custody is determined within a dissolution or pater-
    nity action, it is considered “‘incidental’” to those causes of
    action. 31 Questions of custody within such actions still derive
    from the court’s general equity jurisdiction. 32 The paternity
    statutes therefore cannot circumscribe the district courts’ inher-
    ent powers in equity to determine child custody. 33
    Statutorily, § 43-1402 states that the liability of each parent
    may be determined, enforced, and discharged in accordance
    with the methods hereinafter provided. In Cesar C., we held
    that when reading §§ 43-1402 and 43-1409 together, the provi-
    sion in § 43-1409 that an acknowledgment is a “legal finding”
    means that a properly executed acknowledgment legally estab-
    lishes paternity in the person named in the acknowledgment as
    the father. 34 A father whose paternity is established by a final,
    voluntary acknowledgment has the same right to seek custody
    as the child’s biological mother. 35 As such, Benjamin’s parental
    rights and responsibilities for the children could be determined
    and enforced through the filing of an action to establish cus-
    tody and support. Any inability of Benjamin to enforce his
    parental rights and obligations would run contrary to his con-
    stitutional rights as a parent of the children. 36
    If the 4-year statute of limitations were to bar an action
    for custody and support for a father who executed an
    29
    Id. 30
         Id.
    31
    
         Id. at 460, 855 
    N.W.2d at 593.
    32
    Id. 33
         Id.
    34
    
         See Cesar C., supra note 1.
    35
    Tyler F., supra note 13.
    36
    See Amanda C., supra note 24.
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    acknowledgment of paternity, a man could be a legal father
    with the obligation to support his children, but have no parental
    rights of custody and parenting time. This would be an unten-
    able result. Therefore, we conclude that Benjamin’s action can-
    not be barred by the 4-year statute of limitations.
    [12,13] We find that when an acknowledgment of paternity
    has been executed by the parties, the district court has the
    inherent authority to consider the issue of child custody, and
    that § 43-1402 authorizes the filing of an action for child cus-
    tody and child support. We further find that the 4-year statute
    of limitations on paternity actions does not bar an action for
    child custody and child support for a father who executed an
    acknowledgment of paternity. As such, the district court erred
    in its application of § 43-1411.
    Remaining Assignment of Error
    [14] Benjamin’s remaining assignment of error is that the
    district court erred in improperly converting Jeri’s motion to
    dismiss into a motion for summary judgment without proper
    notice or an opportunity to respond. However, because we
    have already determined the district court erred when it failed
    to give proper legal effect to the notarized acknowledgments
    of paternity, we need not address this assignment of error.
    An appellate court is not obligated to engage in an analysis
    that is not necessary to adjudicate the case and controversy
    before it. 37
    CONCLUSION
    The district court erred in failing to give proper legal effect
    to the signed, notarized acknowledgments of paternity executed
    by Benjamin and Jeri days after the births of F.M. and L.M.
    Additionally, where there is a properly executed and unre-
    scinded and unchallenged acknowledgment of paternity, an
    37
    Fales v. County of Stanton, 
    297 Neb. 41
    , 
    898 N.W.2d 352
    (2017).
    - 747 -
    Nebraska Supreme Court Advance Sheets
    307 Nebraska Reports
    BENJAMIN M. v. JERI S.
    Cite as 
    307 Neb. 733
    action for establishment of paternity should be treated solely
    as an action to determine the issues of custody and support.
    As such, the statute of limitations governing the time to
    bring a paternity proceeding is inapplicable in cases where
    there is a properly executed and unrescinded and unchallenged
    acknowledgment of paternity. Accordingly, we reverse the dis-
    trict court’s order of dismissal and remand the cause for further
    proceedings consistent with this opinion.
    Reversed and remanded for
    further proceedings.