State v. Rosemond , 2021 Ohio 768 ( 2021 )

[Cite as State v. Rosemond, 2021-Ohio-768.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-180221
TRIAL NO. B-1507143
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
vs. : O P I N I O N.
ANTHONY ROSEMOND, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Judgment of the Court: Application to Reopen Appeal Granted
Date of Judgment Entry: March 12, 2021
Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and Philip R. Cummings,
Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
Anthony Rosemond, pro se.
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
ZAYAS, Presiding Judge.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Anthony Rosemond has filed a timely application
under App.R. 26(B) to reopen this appeal. We grant the application, because it
demonstrates a genuine issue as to a colorable claim of ineffective assistance of
appellate counsel in failing to assign as error trial counsel’s ineffectiveness
concerning the imposition of an unauthorized five-year period of postrelease control
for murder.
Procedural Posture
{¶2} Rosemond was convicted on multiple counts of murder, felonious
assault, having weapons while under a disability, and drug trafficking. In the direct
appeal, this court affirmed his convictions, but remanded for proper calculation and
award of jail-time credit. State v. Rosemond, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-180221, 2019-
Ohio-5356, appeal not accepted, 159 Ohio St.3d 1435, 2020-Ohio-3634, 148 N.E.3d
592.
{¶3} In his application to reopen his direct appeal, Rosemond asserts that
his appellate counsel was ineffective in not presenting on appeal assignments of
error challenging the adequacy of his judgment of conviction and his trial counsel’s
effectiveness concerning postrelease control and the joinder of his offenses for trial.
The state has responded with a memorandum in opposition, asking this court to
deny reopening on the grounds that the application was not signed as required by
Civ.R. 11 and did not include the “sworn statement” required by App.R. 26(B)(2)(d).
Rosemond has moved to amend the application with an affidavit attesting to the
truth of the matters presented there.
{¶4} We grant the motion to amend the application. And we reopen the
appeal.
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
Standard of Review
{¶5} An application to reopen an appeal must be granted if the applicant
establishes “a ‘genuine issue’ as to whether he has a ‘colorable claim’ of ineffective
assistance of counsel on appeal.” State v. Spivey, 84 Ohio St.3d 24, 25, 701 N.E.2d
696 (1998); App.R. 26(B)(5). The standard for determining whether an applicant
was denied the effective assistance of appellate counsel is that set forth by the United
States Supreme Court in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80
L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). See State v. Simpson, Slip Opinion No. 2020-Ohio-6719, ¶ 22
(“reaffirm[ing]” the court’s holding in State v. Reed, 74 Ohio St.3d 534, 535, 660
N.E.2d 456 (1996), “that the two-prong standard articulated in Strickland * * *
applies to App.R. 26(B) applications”). The applicant must prove “that his counsel
[performed deficiently in] failing to raise the issues he now presents and that there
was a reasonable probability of success had [counsel] presented those claims on
appeal.” State v. Sheppard, 91 Ohio St.3d 329, 330, 744 N.E.2d 770 (2001), citing
State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136, 538 N.E.2d 373 (1989), paragraph three of the
syllabus.
A Genuine Issue as to Appellate Counsel’s Ineffectiveness
{¶6} The trial court did not advise Rosemond about postrelease control at
his sentencing hearing. In the judgment of conviction, the court imposed
postrelease-control periods of three years for felonious assault and heroin trafficking,
up to three years for cocaine trafficking and the weapons charges, and five years for
murder.
{¶7} Multiple periods of postrelease control must be served concurrently.
R.C. 2967.28(F)(4)(c). Thus, the judgment of conviction requires that Rosemond be
placed on five years of postrelease control upon his release from prison.
{¶8} But an offender like Rosemond, who has been sentenced to an
indefinite term of confinement for the unclassified felony of murder, is not subject to
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
postrelease-control supervision upon release from confinement, but may, when
eligible, gain release on parole to complete the sentence. See State v. Clark, 119 Ohio
St.3d 239, 2008-Ohio-3748, 893 N.E.2d 462, ¶ 36; R.C. 2967.13. Therefore, the trial
court erred in imposing postrelease control as part of Rosemond’s sentence for
murder.
{¶9} App.R. 26(B)(5) mandates that “[a]n application for reopening shall be
granted if there is a genuine issue as to whether the applicant was deprived of the
effective assistance of counsel on appeal.” And in the wake of the Ohio Supreme
Court’s decision in State v. Harper, 160 Ohio St.3d 480, 2020-Ohio-2913, 159
N.E.3d 248, ¶ 43, any error in the imposition of postrelease control must be raised in
the direct appeal. If Rosemond’s appellate counsel had assigned as error on direct
appeal trial counsel’s ineffectiveness concerning the imposition of the unauthorized
period of postrelease control, this court would have sustained the assignment of
error and remanded for sentencing in conformity with the postrelease-control
statutes. See State ex rel. Roberts v. Marsh, 156 Ohio St.3d 440, 2019-Ohio-1569,
128 N.E.3d 222, ¶ 10-11. Because that proposed assignment of error would have
presented a reasonable probability of success had it been advanced on appeal,
Rosemond has demonstrated a genuine issue as to appellate counsel’s
ineffectiveness. Thus, App.R. 26(B)(5), by its terms, mandates reopening the appeal.
Procedural Deficiencies
{¶10} The state, in its opposing memorandum, does not address the
application on its merits. Instead, the state urges this court to deny reopening on the
ground that the application does not comply with Civ.R. 11’s requirement that
Rosemond “sign the * * * document” or on the ground that the application does not
include the “sworn statement” required by App.R. 26(B)(2)(d). We decline to do so.
{¶11} Civ.R. 11 signature requirement. App.R. 26(B) provides the
procedure for a civil, collateral postconviction remedy. Morgan v. Eads, 104 Ohio
4OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
St.3d 142, 2004-Ohio-6110, 818 N.E.2d 1157, ¶ 9. Thus, Civ.R. 11 applies, providing
in relevant part as follows:
A party who is not represented by an attorney shall sign the pleading,
motion, or other document * * *. The signature of * * * [a] pro se party
constitutes a certificate by the * * * party that the * * * party has read
the document; that to the best of the * * * party’s knowledge,
information, and belief there is good ground to support it; and that it is
not interposed for delay. If a document is not signed * * *, it may be
stricken as sham and false * * *.
Rosemond did not strictly satisfy Civ.R. 11’s signature requirement. His hand-
written application for reopening provided a line for his signature, but was not
signed.
{¶12} This court has never denied an App.R. 26(B) application for reopening
based on the applicant’s failure to satisfy Civ.R. 11’s signature requirement. In
urging the court to do so here, the state cites the decision of the Court of Appeals for
the Eighth Appellate District in State v. Lester, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 105992,
2018-Ohio-5154, ¶ 5-7. We agree with the court in Lester that an App.R. 26(B)
application may be stricken under Civ.R. 11 for failure to satisfy the rule’s signature
requirement. But Civ.R. 11 commits that decision to the sound discretion of the
court. See State ex rel. Fant v. Sykes, 29 Ohio St.3d 65, 505 N.E.2d 966 (1987)
(holding that Civ.R. 11 does not mandate striking an unsigned civil document). We
decline to exercise that discretion here.
{¶13} Under Civ.R. 11, a party’s “signature * * * constitutes a certificate by
the * * * party that the * * * party has read the document; that to the best of the * * *
party’s knowledge, information, and belief there is good ground to support it; and
that it is not interposed for delay.” Without that “certificat[ion],” the document “may
be stricken as sham and false.”
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶14} Rosemond’s application for reopening, as amended by our decision
here, includes his signed and sworn affidavit “declar[ing] that the information
contained in the [application] to reopen is true and correct to the best of [his]
knowledge and belief.” Thus, the application as amended, while technically
deficient, effectively satisfies the express purposes of Civ.R. 11’s signature
requirement. We, therefore, decline to exercise our discretion to strike the
application based on that deficiency.
{¶15} App.R. 26(B)(2)(d) sworn-statement requirement. Nor are
we precluded from reopening this appeal by Rosemond’s failure to provide with his
application the “sworn statement” required by App.R. 26(B)(2)(d).
{¶16} App.R. 26(B) provides in pertinent part as follows:
(B)(1) * * * An application for reopening shall be filed in the court of
appeals where the appeal was decided within ninety days from
journalization of the appellate judgment unless the applicant shows
good cause for filing at a later time.
(2) An application for reopening shall contain all of the following:
***
(c) One or more assignments of error or arguments in support of
assignments of error that previously were not considered on the merits
in the case by any appellate court or that were considered on an
incomplete record because of appellate counsel’s deficient
representation;
(d) A sworn statement of the basis for the claim that appellate
counsel’s representation was deficient with respect to the assignments
of error or arguments raised pursuant to division (B)(2)(c) of this rule
and the manner in which the deficiency prejudicially affected the
outcome of the appeal * * *;
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
(e) Any parts of the record available to the applicant and all
supplemental affidavits upon which the applicant relies.
The state asserts that this court must deny reopening because Rosemond failed to
satisfy App.R. 26(B)(2)(d)’s requirement that he provide a sworn statement of the
basis for the claim that appellate counsel’s representation was deficient and the
manner in which that alleged deficiency prejudicially affected the outcome of his
appeal. In urging this court to deny reopening based on this deficiency alone, the
state cites State v. Lechner, 72 Ohio St.3d 374, 650 N.E.2d 449 (1995).
{¶17} In Lechner, the Fourth Appellate District had denied reopening solely
because the application did not include an App.R. 26(B)(2)(d) sworn statement. The
Ohio Supreme Court agreed with the Fourth District’s characterization of the sworn
statement as “mandatory” and affirmed the appeals court’s judgment. Lechner at
375.
{¶18} Lechner was decided on the same day as State v. Franklin, 72 Ohio
St.3d 372, 650 N.E.2d 447 (1995). In Franklin, the Eighth Appellate District had
denied reopening on the grounds that Franklin did not demonstrate good cause for
his delay in filing his application and failed to provide the sworn statement required
by App.R. 26(B)(2)(d). In affirming the appeals court’s judgment, the Supreme
Court spoke specifically to the sworn-statement deficiency. The court concluded that
Franklin had not satisfied the sworn-statement requirement by attaching to his
application “an affidavit swearing to the truth of the allegations of his application.”
Such an affidavit, the court determined, “falls short of the particularity required by
the rule.” Franklin at 373.
{¶19} Rosemond did not include a sworn statement with his original
application. As amended, the application includes his signed and sworn affidavit
“declar[ing] that the information contained in the [application] to reopen is true and
correct to the best of [his] knowledge and belief.” The affidavit does not, as App.R.
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
26(B)(2)(d) requires, state the basis for his claim that his appellate counsel’s
representation was deficient or how counsel’s deficient representation affected the
outcome of his appeal. Therefore, under the rule of Franklin, the application does
not satisfy the sworn-statement requirement.
{¶20} In cases involving unjustifiably late or multiply deficient reopening
applications, Lechner has been cited for the proposition that the lack of an App.R.
26(B)(2)(d)-compliant sworn statement alone provides a basis for denying
reopening. See, e.g., State v. Jones, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 108050, 2020-Ohio-
5175; State v. McKinnon, 7th Dist. Columbiana No. 16 CO 0011, 2018-Ohio-1818;
State v. Dingess, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 10AP-848, 2013-Ohio-801. Lechner has
also been cited to deny reopening solely for the lack of a sworn statement. See State
v. Fortson, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 92337, 2011-Ohio-698; see also State v. Davie, 74
Ohio St.3d 232, 658 N.E.2d 271 (1996) (citing Lechner to affirm the Ninth District’s
denial of reopening for lack of the sworn statement).
{¶21} But in State v. Smiley, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 72026, 1998 WL
213081 (Apr. 22, 1998), the Eighth District reopened an appeal despite the lack of a
sworn statement, upon finding a genuine issue as to appellate counsel’s
ineffectiveness in failing to challenge trial counsel’s conduct during closing
argument. The court in Smiley acknowledged that the application complied with
App.R. 26(B) in all respects other than the sworn statement, and that under Lechner,
“[t]his omission alone can be fatal to an application for reopening.” Smiley at *1.
But the court noted that App.R. 26(B)(5) mandates reopening when an application
demonstrates a genuine issue of appellate counsel’s ineffectiveness, and that the
court had previously “overlooked” both sworn-statement and other “App.R. 26(B)
procedural deficiencies” to reach the merits of a reopening application. Moreover,
the court determined that “justice would not be served * * * [by] den[ying] the
application on procedural grounds, especially when a review of the merits
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
demonstrates a genuine issue of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel.” Smiley
at *2. For those reasons, the court concluded that “an application for reopening with
merit should supersede any procedural deficiency of the application.” Id.; see State
v. Smiley, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 72026, 1999 WL 980638 (Oct. 28, 1999), appeal
not allowed, 88 Ohio St.3d 1432, 724 N.E.2d 809 (2000) (in the reopened appeal,
reversing and remanding for a new trial on grounds of ineffective appellate and trial
counsel).
{¶22} Similarly, in State v. Smith, 1st Dist. Hamilton Nos. C-020336, C-
020337 and C-020341 (Feb. 27, 2003), this court granted reopening despite App.R.
26(B)(2) deficiencies in the application. Smith’s direct appeals had been dismissed
because appellate counsel had failed to file a trial transcript. The state asserted that
Smith was not “entitled” to reopen the appeal, because his application did not satisfy
App.R. 26(B)(2)’s requirements that the application “contain” assignments of error,
a sworn statement, and portions of the record on which the application relied. See
App.R. 26(B)(2)(c), (d) and (e). This court held, to the contrary, that despite the
application’s “procedural deficiencies,” App.R. 26(B)(5) mandated reopening,
because the record demonstrated a genuine issue as to appellate counsel’s
ineffectiveness, when appellate counsel’s inaction had effectively denied Smith his
right to appeal. See State v. Smith, 1st Dist. Hamilton Nos. C-020336, C-020337 and
C-020341 (Oct. 1, 2003) (in the reopened appeal, reversing and remanding for
resentencing).
{¶23} The Supreme Court in Lechner viewed App.R. 26(B)(2)(d)’s sworn-
statement requirement, along with App.R. 26(B)(2)(c)’s requirement of proposed
assignments of error or arguments not previously considered on the merits, as
providing a curb on abuses of the reopening procedure, by “mak[ing] it obvious that
the rule is * * * not an invitation to raise old issues previously adjudicated.” Lechner,
72 Ohio St.3d at 374, 650 N.E.2d 449. But in its 2008 decision in State v. Davis, 119
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
Ohio St.3d 422, 2008-Ohio-4608, 894 N.E.2d 1221, the Supreme Court read the rule
in a manner supportive of the Eighth District’s decision in Smiley and this court’s
decision in Smith.
{¶24} In Davis, the Supreme Court held that a pending motion for a
discretionary appeal does not bar an appeals court’s merit ruling on a timely filed
App.R. 26(B) application to reopen an appeal. Id. at ¶ 5. In so holding, the court
elaborated upon the purposes and principles underlying the reopening procedure.
The court noted that App.R. 26(B) was adopted in 1993 to provide a forum for
vindicating an appellant’s constitutionally secured right to the effective assistance of
counsel on appeal. Id. at ¶ 26. The rule “emanates directly” from State v.
Murnahan, 63 Ohio St.3d 60, 584 N.E.2d 1204 (1992), which “evinced a preference
against purely procedural dismissals” of claims of ineffective assistance of appellate
counsel. Id. at ¶ 12-13. And the rule states that “[a]n application for reopening shall
be granted if there is a genuine issue as to whether the applicant was deprived of the
effective assistance of counsel on appeal.” (Emphasis added.) App.R. 26(B)(5).
Thus, the court concluded, when an appellant has timely applied for reopening, the
appeals court’s “mandate * * * is to determine whether that ‘genuine issue’ exists.”
Id. at ¶ 17.
{¶25} The Supreme Court further found App.R. 26(B) to evince a “clear
intent * * * for the appellate court to function as the trier of fact” in determining
whether a “genuine issue” exists. Id. at ¶ 21. And the rule “provides the court [of
appeals with] the necessary evidentiary tools for making its determination.” Id. at ¶
18. Specifically, the court declared, App.R. 26(B)(2)(d) and (e) afford “the
opportunity for a meaningful review of the record,” by requiring that a sworn
statement and relevant portions of the record be provided, and by permitting the
submission of supplemental affidavits and other evidentiary materials. Id.
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OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
Reopening Granted
{¶26} Rosemond’s application to reopen this appeal establishes a genuine
issue as to a colorable claim of his appellate counsel’s ineffectiveness in failing to
assign as error trial counsel’s ineffectiveness concerning the imposition of
postrelease control. Rosemond has satisfied the Civ.R. 11 requirement that he sign
the application by amending his application with his signed and sworn affidavit
attesting to his belief in the truth and accuracy of the application. This affidavit does
not satisfy App.R. 26(B)(2)(d)’s sworn-statement requirement. But the sworn
statement is not an “evidentiary tool[]” that is “necessary” to this court’s
determination under App.R. 26(B)(5) that there exists a genuine issue as to appellate
counsel’s ineffectiveness. See Davis at ¶ 18. Accordingly, we follow the mandate of
App.R. 26(B)(5) and reopen this appeal.
Application granted.
MYERS and BOCK, JJ., concur.
Please note:
The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.
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