Patterson v. State , 124 Ga. 408 ( 1905 )

Cobb, P. J.

Error was assigned upon the failure of the court to declare a mistrial, because the solicitor-general in his argument used the following language: “The blood of this dead man calls upon you to punish this man and protect his family and relatives; and unless you have the manhood to write it in your verdict, you should be exiled from the good county of Heard.” We do not think this language called for a mistrial, or a rebuke from the judge. It introduced no fact, but was merely a forcible and possibly an extravagant method adopted by counsel of impressing upon the jury the 'enormity of the offense and the solemnity of their duty in relation thereto. In the case of Taylor v. State, 121 Ga. 354, Mr. Justice Evans said: “It is quite natural, and by no means unusual, for an advocate, in discussing the facts of a case before a jury, to indulge to some extent in imagery and illustration. Sometimes a simile may be inapt, or the metaphor mixed, or the •expression may be hyperbolical. What the law forbids is the introduction into a case, by way of argument, of facts not in the •record and calculated to prejudice the accused. The language of the solicitor was somewhat extravagant; but figurative speech has always been regarded as a legitimate weapon in forensic warfare, if there be evidence before the jury on which it may be founded.”. We desire to emphasize what is said in the foregoing quotation. Flights of oratory and false logic do not call for mistrials or rebuke. It is the introduction of facts not in evidence that requires ■the application of such remedies.

2. Complaint is made of the failure of the court to charge upon the law governing confessions, the State having brought out, on cross-examination, evidence from one Loftin that the accused had told him that he had killed- Stewart because the latter owed him four dollars. There was no request of the court to charge the law relating to confessions; and in the absence of such a. request the failure to so charge is not error. Walker v. State, 118 Ga. 34; Malone v. State, 77 Ga. 768(5); Sellers v. State, 99 Ga. 212.

3. Complaint is made that the court charged the jury on the law of insanity as a defense, when, it is alleged, such was not the defense relied on by the accused, but duress, and a charge on insanity tended to confuse the minds of the jury and becloud the real issue they were called upon to determine. The testimony of the mother of the 'accused tended to establish the mental imbecility of her son. The court properly looked to the evidence to determine what subjects of law should be given in charge to the jury, and the-evidence justified the charge upon the law of insanity. It is now claimed that the defense of insanity was not relied on; but the judge in a note to the motion for néw trial states that if this defense was not relied on, his attention was not called to that fact.

4. The accused sought to introduce the testimony of Mrs. Patterson, to the effect that on the night of the killing Mac Patterson told her that Burrell ■ Patterson had killed Stewart at his, Mae Patterson’s, direction, and that he, Mac Patterson, had forced Bur-rell to commit the murder by threatening his life. This evidence was offered to support the accused’s statement that he acted under duress. It would have tended to prove the fact that Mae Patterson had threatened Burrell Patterson’s life if he would not kill Stewart. But it was only hearsay, and was properly excluded as evidence to establish the fact stated; and as Mac Patterson was a witness for the accused, it was not admissible for the purpose of impeachment.

Complaint is made that the court failed to charge fully the law of duress, and did not set out the accused’s theory of defense to the jury. The court charged the jury on the law of duress, and this charge correctly sets forth the law upon that subject. It is not obligatory upon the court to give in detail the theory of the defense relied on by the accused, in the absence of an appropriate and timely written request. The exceptions to the charge on duress were without merit. The verdict is amply supported by the evidence, and there was no error in refusing a new trial.

Judgment affirmed.

All the Justices concur.