State v. Lehner , 2022 Ohio 2547 ( 2022 )

[Cite as State v. Lehner, 2022-Ohio-2547.]
COURT OF APPEALS
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO JUDGES:
Hon. William B. Hoffman, P. J.
Plaintiff-Appellee Hon. John W. Wise, J.
Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.
-vs-
Case No. 21 CA 26
MARK A. LEHNER
Defendant-Appellant OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Criminal Appeal from the Court of Common
Pleas, Case No. 20 CR 233
JUDGMENT: Reversed and Remanded
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: July 25, 2022
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
JASON R. FARLEY MICHAEL GROH
ASSISTANT PROSECUTING ATTORNEY 1938 East Wheeling Avenue
627 Wheeling Avenue Cambridge, Ohio 43725
Cambridge, Ohio 43725
Guernsey County, Case No. 21CA 26 2
Wise, J.
{¶1} Defendant-Appellant Mark Allen Anthony Lehner appeals his conviction and
sentence on one count of Rape entered in the Guernsey County Court of Common Pleas
following a guilty plea.
{¶2} Plaintiff-Appellee is the State of Ohio.
STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE
{¶3} For purposes of the appeal, the relevant facts and procedural history are as
follows:
{¶4} On November 25, 2020, a Guernsey County Grand Jury indicted Appellant
Mark Allen Anthony Lehner on one count of Rape, in violation of R.C. §2907.02(A)(2), a
first-degree felony.
{¶5} On December 7, 2020, Appellant pled not guilty to the offense.
{¶6} On January 22, 2021, the court appointed a consulting defense psychologist
{¶7} On January 29, 2021, Appellant filed motions in limine.
{¶8} On February 2, 2021, Appellant filed for an in camera inspection of
counseling records.
{¶9} On March 1, 2021, the trial court granted Appellant's motion in limine and
motion for additional discovery.
{¶10} On July 12, 2021, Appellant entered a guilty plea to the offense as charged,
on the conditions that each side argue for an appropriate sentence, a presentence
investigation would be ordered, and that Appellant would have to register as a Tier Ill sex
offender. (Plea T. at 4).
Guernsey County, Case No. 21 CA 26 3
{¶11} On September 1, 2021, the trial court held a sentencing hearing, which was
continued to determine the medical records of the victim.
{¶12} The hearing resumed on October 4, 2021, wherein the trial court sentenced
Appellant to 4 to 6 years in prison
{¶13} Appellant now appeals, raising the following assignment of error on appeal:
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
{¶14} “I. THE TRIAL COURT VIOLATED APPELLANT'S STATE AND FEDERAL
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS AND OHIO CRIM.R. 11 BY FAILING TO INFORM
APPELLANT THERE WAS A PRESUMPTION IN FAVOR OF PRISON WHEN HE
ENTERED A GUILTY PLEA.”
I.
{¶15} In his sole assignment of error, Appellant argues that his plea was not
knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily made. We agree.
{¶16} Specifically, Appellant argues that the trial court failed to inform him during
his plea hearing that there was a presumption in favor of prison. The state agrees that the
trial court failed to advise Appellant as to the presumption of a prison sentence.
Standard of Appellate Review
{¶17} “When a defendant enters a plea in a criminal case, the plea must be made
knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily. Failure on any of those points renders
enforcement of the plea unconstitutional under both the United States Constitution and
the Ohio Constitution.” State v. Engle, 74 Ohio St.3d 525, 527, 660 N.E.2d 450 (1996).
Guernsey County, Case No. 21 CA 26 4
{¶18} Crim.R. 11 governs rights upon plea. Subsection (C)(2) states the following:
(2) In felony cases the court may refuse to accept a plea of guilty or
a plea of no contest, and shall not accept a plea of guilty or no contest
without first addressing the defendant personally either in-person or by
remote contemporaneous video in conformity with Crim.R. 43(A) and doing
all of the following:
(a) Determining that the defendant is making the plea voluntarily, with
understanding of the nature of the charges and of the maximum penalty
involved, and if applicable, that the defendant is not eligible for probation or
for the imposition of community control sanctions at the sentencing hearing.
(b) Informing the defendant of and determining that the defendant
understands the effect of the plea of guilty or no contest, and that the court,
upon acceptance of the plea, may proceed with judgment and sentence.
(c) Informing the defendant and determining that the defendant
understands that by the plea the defendant is waiving the rights to jury trial,
to confront witnesses against him or her, to have compulsory process for
obtaining witnesses in the defendant's favor, and to require the state to
prove the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt at a trial at which the
defendant cannot be compelled to testify against himself or herself.
{¶19} The standard for a trial court's Crim.R. 11 non-constitutional notifications
under (C)(2)(a) and (b) is substantial compliance; the standard for Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(c)
constitutional notifications is strict compliance. State v. Veney, 120 Ohio St.3d 176, 2008-
Ohio-5200, 897 N.E.2d 621.
Guernsey County, Case No. 21 CA 26 5
{¶20} In State v. Nero, 56 Ohio St.3d 106, 108, 564 N.E.2d 474 (1990), the
Supreme Court of Ohio explained the following:
Substantial compliance means that under the totality of the
circumstances the defendant subjectively understands the implications of
his plea and the rights he is waiving. Stewart [State v., 51 Ohio St.2d 86,
364 N.E.2d 1163 (1977)], supra; State v. Carter (1979), 60 Ohio St.2d 34,
38, 14 O.O.3d 199, 201, 396 N.E.2d 757, 760, certiorari denied (1980), 445
U.S. 953, 100 S.Ct. 1605, 63 L.Ed.2d 789. Furthermore, a defendant who
challenges his guilty plea on the basis that it was not knowingly, intelligently,
and voluntarily made must show a prejudicial effect. Stewart, supra, 51 Ohio
St.2d at 93, 5 O.O.3d at 56, 364 N.E.2d at 1167; Crim.R. 52(A). The test is
whether the plea would have otherwise been made. Id.
{¶21} Appellant herein was charged with and pled guilty to one count of Rape, in
violation of R.C. §2907.02(A)(2), which provides:
(2) No person shall engage in sexual conduct with another when the
offender purposely compels the other person to submit by force or threat of
force.”
(B) Whoever violates this section is guilty of rape, a felony of the first
degree. …
{¶22} R.C. §2929.13(F)(2) requires that the sentencing court impose a prison term
for “[a]ny rape, regardless of whether force was involved and regardless of the age of the
victim * * *.”
Guernsey County, Case No. 21 CA 26 6
{¶23} Upon review of the record from the change of plea hearing, we find the
following:
{¶24} Appellant's plea hearing began with the parties reciting the terms of the plea
agreement. (Plea T. at 4-5). Appellant was sworn to testify at the plea hearing. Id. at 7.
Appellant indicated that he did have difficulty with the ability to read and write. Id. at 8.
The trial court reviewed in detail with Appellant the terms of the plea agreement. Id. at 10.
The trial court then explained indefinite sentencing to Appellant. Id. at 14. The trial court
explained the sentencing range of prison terms to Appellant. Id. at 22. The trial court then
explained Appellant's trial rights to him. Id. at 17-20. The trial court also advised Appellant
as to post-release control and sex offender requirements. Id.
{¶25} However, when describing the range of prison sentences, the trial court not
only failed to inform Appellant that he was subject to a mandatory prison term if the court
accepted his guilty plea to the rape count, the trial court misinformed Appellant by
indicating to him that a prison sentence was not mandatory in this case. Id. at 23-24, 26.
The plea form also incorrectly states that a prison term is not mandatory for this rape
conviction.
{¶26} The trial court also failed to inform Appellant that because the prison time
was mandatory for a rape conviction, he was ineligible for community control sanctions in
lieu of prison. In fact, the record establishes that the trial court did not even mention the
possibility or impossibility of community control at the plea hearing.
{¶27} Because Appellant herein pleaded guilty to one count of rape, the trial court
was required to sentence him to a mandatory prison term and to advise him that he was
ineligible to be sentenced to community control sanctions.
Guernsey County, Case No. 21 CA 26 7
{¶28} Here, Appellant was neither advised that he was subject to a mandatory
sentence upon his conviction for rape, nor did the trial court inform him that he would be
ineligible for community control if he was convicted.
{¶29} We also note that Appellant's plea form incorrectly states that a prison
sentence for the rape count was not mandatory.
{¶30} “When a defendant on whom a mandatory prison sentence must be
imposed enters a plea of guilty or no contest, the court must, before accepting the plea,
determine the defendant's understanding that the defendant is subject to a mandatory
sentence and that the mandatory sentence renders the defendant ineligible for probation
or community control sanctions.” State v. Balidbid, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 24511, 2012-
Ohio-1406; See also State v. Smith, 5th Dist. Licking No. 13-CA-44, 2014-Ohio-2990,
2014 WL 3030956, ¶ 11–12 (trial court's failure to notify defendant who pled no contest
to rape charges of the amount of mandatory prison time and the time during which he
would be ineligible for community control resulted in invalid plea that required reversal);
State v. Brigner, 4th Dist. Athens No. 14CA19, 2015-Ohio-2526, 2015 WL 3917983, ¶ 12
(finding that the trial court did not substantially comply with the notification requirement of
Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) by wholly failing to advise the defendant that he was subject to
mandatory prison terms for three rape convictions to which he pled guilty, which made
him ineligible for community control sanctions in lieu of prison thus rendering his guilty
pleas unknowing, involuntary, and unintelligently made); State v. Rand, 10th Dist. Franklin
No. 03AP-745, 2004-Ohio-5838, 2004 WL 2474426, ¶ 23 (trial court committed reversible
error when it accepted defendant's guilty plea because it misinformed him that his
sentence was not mandatory); State v. Givens, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2014-02-047,
Guernsey County, Case No. 21 CA 26 8
2015-Ohio-361, 2015 WL 419882, ¶ 15–16 (trial court's failure to advise defendant that a
guilty plea to a robbery charge carried a mandatory prison term that rendered him
ineligible for community control or judicial release rendered the plea invalid so as to
require reversal of the conviction and sentence).
{¶31} Thus, we conclude that in light of the foregoing analysis, the trial court failed
to substantially comply with Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) and an additional analysis of prejudice is
unnecessary. Although clearly the prospect of probation would be a factor weighing
heavily in favor of a plea. That probation is statutorily precluded could affect a person's
decision to enter a plea of no contest or guilty.” State v. May, 64 Ohio App.3d 456, 460,
581 N.E.2d 1154 (9th Dist.1989).
{¶32} Here, the trial court failed to inform Appellant that he was subject to a
mandatory prison term before it accepted his guilty plea to the rape count. The trial court
also failed to inform Appellant that because a prison sentence was mandatory for a rape
conviction, he was ineligible for community control sanctions in lieu of prison.
Furthermore, the plea form signed by Appellant incorrectly stated that a mandatory prison
term was not required for his conviction for rape. Accordingly, we find that Appellant's
guilty plea was not made knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily.
{¶33} Accordingly, Appellant's pleas were not made knowingly, intelligently, and
voluntarily.
{¶34} Appellant’s sole assignment of error is sustained. The plea of guilty and
sentence is vacated, and the matter is remanded to the trial court for further proceedings.
Guernsey County, Case No. 21 CA 26 9
{¶35} For the reasons stated in the foregoing opinion, the judgment of the Court
of Common Pleas, Guernsey County, Ohio, is reversed and this matter is remanded for
further proceedings consistent with the law and this opinion.
By: Wise, J.
Hoffman, P. J., and
Baldwin, J., concur.
JWW/kw 0718