Stofflit v. Troxell ( 1845 )

The opinion of the Court was delivered by

Kennedy, J.

Ejectment is emphatically a possessory action, and cannot be maintained by the plaintiff, unless he has a right to the possession of the property at the time of commencing his action. By the common law, an ejectment will not lie for anything, whereupon an entry cannot be made, or of which the sheriff cannot deliver possession. Adams on Eject. 18; Black v. Hepburne, (2 Yeates 333); and it is confined to cases in which the plaintiff or claimant has a right to the possession. Adams on Ejectment 10. Though originally it was necessary that the plaintiff or lessor in the ejectment should make an actual entry anterior to commencing his' action, yet it is not so now; it is sufficient if he have a right to enter, which necessarily involves in it an immediate right to the possession. Hylton’s Lessee v. Brown, (2 Wash. C. C. 165); Adams on Eject. 10. “ An ejectment, says Lord Manseieed, is a possessory remedy, and only competent where the lessor of the plaintiff may enter; therefore it is always necessary for the plaintiff to show that his lessor had a right to enter, by proving a possession within 20 years (in Pennsylvania 21 years), or accounting for the want of it, under some of the exceptions allowed by the statute. Twenty years’ (in Pennsylvania twenty-one years’) adverse possession is a positive title to the defendant; it is not a bar to the action or remedy of the plaintiff only, but takes away his right of possession. Every plaintiff in ejectment must show a right of possession as well as of property; and therefore the defendant need not plead the statute as in the case of actions.” Taylor Atkyns v. Horde, (1 Burr. 60). It is clear, therefore, that the associate Judges, who formed a majority of the court below and overruled the President Judge, were wrong in directing him to instruct the jury that a lease given by the plaintiff below, including the premises in question, for a term of three years to Nathan Metzger, which remained in force and unexpired at the time of commencing this action, did not stand in the way of the plaintiff’s recovery. Metzger having been placed in, or taken possession of the premises in question, in pursuance of the lease as it appeared, became thereby most clearly entitled to the possession, if the plaintiff below had any right at the time himself to give or bestow it upon Metzger; so that until the term in the lease expired the plaintiff could have no right to enter or claim the possession.

Judgment reversed, and a venire facias de novo awarded.